| USA/2021(21) |
Build support and promotion of breastfeeding in the community, change health behavior through peer support, and address the social and economic determinants of health as a means of addressing breastfeeding as a public health imperative. |
Pregnant women and postpartum women (n = 110) |
| Brazil/2021(22) |
Analyze the clinical conditions for breastfeeding, which is a crucial opportunity for postpartum women and their children, in addition to preexisting guidelines on this topic. The study also observed the impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the affective mother-fetus dyad bond. |
Postpartum women |
| China/2020(23) |
Assess the clinical and immunological characteristics of mother-infant pairs affected by COVID-19, breast milk specifically tested for pathogens, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and immune components.
Explore the feasibility of breastfeeding and related transmission possibilities. |
Pregnant women and postpartum women (n = 14) |
| USA/2021(24) |
Study a large sample of women who gave birth during the first spikes of COVID-19 and compare them with women who gave birth before the pandemic.
Ask whether COVID-19 is associated with stressful childbirth and whether acute childbirth stress mediates the association between the presence of COVID-19 in communities and long-term post-traumatic stress and maternal bonding problems. |
Postpartum women (n = 1274) |
| Vietnam/2021(25) |
To describe the use of Early Essential Newborn Care (EENC) for the first childbirth of COVID-19 in Vietnam, at Hoa Vang Medical Center, a 170-bed district hospital in Da Nang City designated to manage COVID-19 cases. |
Postpartum women (n = 1) |
| USA/2020(26) |
Ask about current hospital practices. |
Hospital institution professionals |
| Italy/2021(27) |
Explore psycho-emotional distress, tested by the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in early postpartum and breastfeeding initiation practices, defined according to the WHO among quarantined women who gave birth in a COVID-19 hotspot in northeastern Italy. |
Postpartum women (n = 299) |
| USA/2020(28) |
Describe Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) policies and practices for women in labor, childbirth and postpartum and for newborns (NB) of SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers who were seen at the Well Infant Nurseries (WBN) and Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and after hospital discharge, which were implemented during the first weeks of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York, i.e. from mid-March to mid-May. |
Hospital institution professionals |
| Spain/2021(29) |
Determine the maternal and perinatal repercussions of pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 during childbirth and clinical puerperium in several centers in the Valencian Community. The secondary objectives were to determine the absence or existence of vertical transmission and to describe the maternal care provided during the epidemic and the type of breastfeeding performed. |
Pregnant women and postpartum women (n = 13) |
| USA/2020(30) |
Discuss various care practices that have changed in the COVID-19 era, including the use of antenatal steroids, delayed cord clamping (DCC), mother-NB separation, and breastfeeding. |
Hospital institution professionals |
| USA/2020(31) |
Describe the unique experience of Infant-friendly Hospital at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
NB of mothers tested for COVID-19 (n = 118) |
| Belgium/2020(32) |
Provide estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections among pregnant women and breastfeeding women, as well as assess women’s perceived impact of the pandemic on their breastfeeding practices, medical advice, and social support during pregnancy and lactation. |
Pregnant women (n = 2,647) and breastfeeding women (n = 3,823) |
| USA/2021(33) |
Explore perceptions of social support among breastfeeding mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Breastfeeding women (n = 29) |
| Spain/2020(34) |
Demonstrate that DCC is safe in mothers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
Pregnant women (n = 403) |
| India/2020(35) |
Present the case of a 26-year-old COVID-positive postpartum mother, separated from her premature infant at 28 weeks’ gestation, who was admitted to the NICU.
In this case, the study will highlight the physical, psychosocial, spiritual concerns and stigma that she had to face during the quarantine period. |
Postpartum women (n = 1) |
| Nepal/2020(36) |
Assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 among postpartum women who gave birth at a tertiary care center in Bharatpur, Chitwan, and to describe their experience during hospital admission. |
Postpartum women (n = 203) |
| Brazil/2020(37) |
Guide the breastfeeding of mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. |
Postpartum women |
| Iran/2021(38) |
Describe the experience of three mother-infant pairs who were offered a virtual bond during the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Iran. |
Postpartum women (n = 3) |
| USA/2020(39) |
Provide an overview of unintended consequences of separation policies and the harmful/harmful impacts of separation on breastfeeding. |
Postpartum women |
| USA/2021(40) |
Present the experience of three healthy mothers and their infants for the first time, as they gave birth in the hospital and breastfed during the beginning of the pandemic in Philadelphia. |
Postpartum women (n = 3) |
| Austria/2020(41) |
Assess the scientific literature available as of May 1, 2020 and discuss common questions about COVID-19 in the context of pregnancy and the postpartum period. |
Postpartum women and pregnant women |
| Italy/2020(42) |
Provide an overview of how care has been organized and how we are currently managing mothers and infants with suspected or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection before and after birth. |
Hospital institution professionals |
| Spain/2021(43) |
Review how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted breastfeeding practices/plans and mothers’ expectations and investigate the effect that unmet breastfeeding expectations have on women’s mental health. |
Postpartum women |
| SIBEN Network of Latin America and Equatorial Guinea/2020(44) |
Assess and report the clinical features and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and their NB in Latin America. |
Mothers (n = 86) |
| Italy/2020(45) |
Report the type of childbirth and the immediate neonatal outcome in women infected with SARS-CoV-2 observed in the early phase of the epidemic in Lombardy. |
Mothers (n = 42) |
Breastfeeding in times of COVID-19: a scoping review
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