Quality of life in liver transplant recipients and the influence of sociodemographic factors

Aguiar, Maria Isis Freire de; Braga, Violante Augusta Batista; Garcia, José Huygens Parente; Lima, Clébia Azevedo de; Almeida, Paulo César de; Souza, Angela Maria Alves e; Rolim, Isaura Letícia Tavares Palmeira

doi:10.1590/S0080-623420160000400006

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • REEUSPRev. esc. enferm. USP 50 (03) • May-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420160000400006 copy

Quality of life in liver transplant recipients and the influence of sociodemographic factors

Calidad de vida en receptores de trasplante de hígado y la influencia de los factores sociodemográficos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To verify the influence of sociodemographic factors on the quality of life of patients after liver transplant.

METHOD

Cross-sectional study with 150 patients who underwent liver transplant at a referral center. A sociodemographic instrument and the Liver Disease Quality of Life questionnaire were applied. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, as well as multiple comparisons by the Tukey test and Games-Howell tests when p <0.05.

RESULTS

Old age had influence on domains of symptoms of liver disease (p = 0.049), sleep (p = 0.023) and sexual function (p = 0.03). Men showed better significant mean values than women for the loneliness dimension (p = 0.037). Patients with higher educational level had higher values for the domain of stigma of liver disease (p = 0.014). There was interference of income in the domains of quality of social interaction (p = 0.033) and stigma of the disease (p = 0.046).

CONCLUSION

In half of the quality of life domains, there was influence of some sociodemographic variable.

Descriptors
Liver Transplantation; Quality of Life; Health Evaluation; Health Profile

Characteristics	N	%
Gender
Male	120	80.0
Female	30	20.0
Age (years)			Mean ± SD^* * SD: standard deviation.
18-39	28	18.8	52.4 ± 12.9
40-59	70	47.0
60-76	51	34.2
Race
White	45	30.0
Mixed race	90	60.0
Black	14	9.3
Indigenous	1	0.7
Marital status
With partner	102	68.0
No partner	48	32.0
Years of study			Mean ± SD^* * SD: standard deviation.
None	12	8.0	9.8 ± 4.3
1-9	48	32.0
10-12	56	37.3
13-18	34	22.7
Occupation
Active	58	38.7
Retired	53	35.3
Pensioners, sick leave	24	16.0
None	15	10.0
Income (minimum wage) ^† † R$ 678.00 reais, 2013, Brazil.
None	15	10.0
Up to 2	65	43.3
3 to 4	38	25.3
5 to 10	20	13.3
11 or more	12	8.0

	Domains
Variables	Symptom	Effect	Concentration	Memory	Interaction	Distress
			Mean ± SD
Age (years)	p =0.049	p =0.422	p =0.336	p =0.595	p=0.221	p=0.823
18-39	95.2±6.4^‡ ‡ The first and third groups differed.	90.4±11.4	95.1±12.2	82.4±22.3	83.8±9.1	87.5±15.5
40-59	94.8±7.1^§ § The second and third groups differed.	92.5±10.1	92.7±15.4	83.8±21.2	85.2±11.3	88.8±15.4
60-76	91.3±10.8	89.9±12.9	89.9±16.4	79.6±24.0	81.6±11.4	87.1±15.7
	Mean ± SD			79.6±24.0
Gender	p=0.535	p=0.316	p=0.446	p=0.964	p=0.538	p=0.121
Male	93.7±9.1	91.7±10.7	91.7±15.9	82.2±23.2	84.1±10.8	86.9±16.4
Female	92.5±8.1	89.4±13.4	94.0±12.2	82.4±18.8	82.7±12.2	91.8±10.2
	Mean ± SD			82.4±18.8
Study (years)	p=0.281	p=0.536	p=0.115	p=0.710	p=0.951	p=0.741
Up to 8	95.0±6.1	90.8±10.7	94.0±13.2	84.1±19.8	83.6±10.0	88.9±13.4
9-12	92.6±10.4	90.5±12.5	89.1±17.3	80.7±23.0	84.1±11.6	86.7±16.4
13-18	92.6±9.6	93.1±10.0	94.7±13.3	81.9±25.1	83.5±11.8	88.2±16.9
	Mean ± SD			81.9±25.1
Occupation	p=0.176	p=0.300	p=0.153	p=0.177	p=0.187	p=0.208
Inactive	92.7±9.7	90.5±11.2	90.7±16.4	80.2±23.5	82.9±11.2	86.6±16.8
Active	94.7±7.4	92.4±11.5	94.4±12.9	85.3±20.1	85.3±10.6	89.9±13.0
	Mean ± SD			85.3±20.1
Income (MW)	p=0.570	p=0.218	p=0.255	p=0.620	p=0.033	p=0.279
< 2	94.2±6.7	89.6±11.5	93.9±13.5	82.7±22.1	81.7±11.0‡	87.6±14.3
2-3	92.5±10.8	91.8±11.8	89.6±16.9	80.3±22.2	84.2±11.7	86.2±17.3
4-7	93.8±9.1	93.9±9.6	93.4±14.8	85.2±23.4	88.2±8.2	92.0±13.7
	Domains
	Sleep	Loneliness	Hope	Stigma	Sexual function^* * n = 94 for the sexual function domain.	Sexual problems^† † n = 42 for sexual problems.
			Mean ± SD
Age (years)	p = 0.023	p = 0.521	p = 0.203	p = 0.937	p = 0.03	p = 0.173
18-39	82.2±16.0^‡ ‡ The first and third groups differed.	94.8±13.0	93.4±10.0	94.4±7.7	91.3±8.6	88.8±19.2
40-59	79.7±16.6^§ § The second and third groups differed.	97.2±10.0	92.8±13.8	93.4±12.7	91.4±14.7^§ § The second and third groups differed.	94.1±22.9
60-76	72.6±17.3	94.8±15.3	88.1±20.0	93.7±11.5	81.0±23.4	81.9±29.7
			Mean ± SD
Gender	p = 0.366	p = 0.037	p = 0.792	p = 0.934	p = 0.941	p = 0.661
Male	78.3±17.0	97.0±11.4	91.4±15.7	93.7±10.9	88.1±18.6	89.5±25.1
Female	75.2±16.9	91.7±16.0	90.5±16.0	93.5±13.4	88.5±10.2	83.3±27.8
			Mean ± SD
Study (years)	p = 0.315	p = 0.148	p = 0.772	p = 0.014	p = 0.526	p = 0.734
Up to 8	79.4±15.0	93.4±17.2	91.9±13.6	94.1±9.9^‡ † n = 42 for sexual problems.	86.2±21.7	87.8±30.8
9-12	78.3±15.7	98.0±7.2	90.1±15.3	90.9±14.4§	87.7±17.9	89.4±26.8
13-18	73.9±21.6	96.2±11.0	92.2±19.6	98.0±4.5	91.6±7.5	87.9±18.6
			Mean ± SD
Occupation	p = 0.400	p = 0.800	p = 0.374	p = 0.515	p = 0.168	p = 0.554
Inactive	76.8±18.1	95.7±13.8	90.3±17.0	93.2±10.2	86.0±21.6	84.5±31.7
Active	79.2±15.0	96.3±10.4	92.7±13.5	94.4±13.3	91.0±9.5	93.5±13.5
			Mean ± SD
Income (MW)	p = 0.069	p = 0.257	p = 0.950	p = 0.046	p = 0.677	p = 0.017
< 2	78.8±16.4	94.0±16.0	91.6±13.8	93.6±11.8^‡ † n = 42 for sexual problems.	88.6±16.5	98.1±7.8
2-3	74.1±17.1	97.6±8.8	90.7±15.4	91.6±12.7^§ ‡ The first and third groups differed.	89.4±16.9	87.5±26.3
4-7	82.9±17.4	97.1±9.4	91.2±20.6	98.2±5.0	85.0±21.0	66.6±39.0

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Maria Isis Freire de Aguiar. Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 1115 - Bairro Rodolfo Teófilo. CEP 60430-160. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. isis_aguiar@yahoo.com.br