Factors associated with SARS-COV-2 positivity in nursing workers

Oliveira, Jones Sidnei Barbosa de; Mussi, Fernanda Carneiro; Coelho, Ana Carla Carvalho; Teixeira, Jules Ramon Brito; Santos, Tatiane Araújo dos; Menezes, Angélica Araújo de; Moura, Luciano de Paula

doi:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2024-0301en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 59 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2024-0301en linkcopy

Factors associated with SARS-COV-2 positivity in nursing workers

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the association of sociodemographic and occupational variables with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in nursing workers.

Method: Exploratory and analytical study carried out with a population of 15,936 workers. A secondary database was used and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using the robust Poisson Regression Model and a statistical significance of 5%.

Results: There was predomination of female sex (87.3%), age group from 31 to 59 years (80.3%), brown race/color (63.4%), nursing technicians/assistants (69.6%), role care area (95.1%), outsourced (70.1%) and single (78.2%) employment relation. The age range of 31 to 59 years (95% CI 1.05–1.68) and 18 to 30 years (95% CI 1.12–1.84), black race/color (95% CI 1.02–1.28), having more than one employment relationship (95% CI 1.14–1.33) and having contact with a confirmed case (95% CI 1.03–1.19) were associated with infection in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion: Detection of infection was associated with adult, black workers, with more than one employment relationship and contact with people infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Nursing; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Pandemics; Surveillance of the Workers Health

Variables	Total	Laboratory diagnosis confirmed for SARS-CoV-2
Variables	Total	Proportion (%)	* p-value	† DR	‡ 95%CI
Sociodemographic
Age range (n = 14,206)
≥ 60	423(3.0)	74(17.5)	0.001	1.00	–
31 to 59	11,405(80.3)	2,894(25.4)		1.45	1.18–1.79
18 to 30	2,378(16.7)	616(25.9)		1.48	1.19–1.84
Sex (n = 15,936)
Female	13,908(87.3)	3,513(25.3)	0.131	1.00	–
Male	2,028(12.7)	544(26.8)		1.06	0.98–1.15
Self-declared race/color (n = 11,523)
White, yellow and indigenous	1,787(15.5)	402(22.5)	0.030	1.00	–
Brown	7,310(63.4)	1,691(23.1)		1.03	0.93–1.13
Black	2,426(21.1)	619(25.5)		1.13	1.02–1.26
Occupational
Professional category (n = 15,936)
Nurse	4,852(30.4)	1.215(25,0)	0,424	1,00	–
Nursing technician and/or assistant	11.084(69,6)	2.842(25,6)		1,02	0,97–1,08
Type of employment relationship (n = 14,317)
Outsourced	10,030(70.1)	2.644(26,4)	0,248	1,00	–
Permanent contract	4,287(29.9)	1.170(27,3)		0,96	0,91–1,02
Number of jobs (n = 15,890)
1	12.427(78,2)	2.999(24,1)	0,000	1,00	–
> 1	3.463(21,8)	1.055(30,5)		1,26	1,19–1,34
Area of work activity (n = 12,287)
Managerial	603(4.9)	15(24.9)	0.166	1.00	–
Assistance	11,684(95.1)	3,208(27.5)		1.10	0.96–1.27
Contact with people with COVID-19 (n=15,936)
No	9,990(62.7)	2,479(24.8)	0.016	1.00	–
Yes	5,946(37.3)	1,578(26.5)		1.07	1.01–1.13

Variables	*DR	†95% CI
Age range
≥ 60 years
31 to 59 years old	1.33	1.05–1.68
18 to 30 years old	1.44	1.12–1.84
Self-declared race/color
White, yellow and indigenous
Brown	1.05	0.95–1.16
Black	1.15	1.02–1.28
Number of jobs
One
> 1	1.23	1.14–1.33
Contact with people with COVID-19
No
Yes	1.11	1.03–1.19
AIC	1.1435

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Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[T1FN1] *p-value = p-value;

[T1FN2] ^†RD = detection ratio;

[T1FN3] ^‡CI = 95% confidence interval.