Evaluation of acupuncture and auriculotherapy in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Pilot Study

Morais, Sabrina Ferreira Monteiro; Turrini, Ruth Natalia Teresa

doi:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0191en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 57 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0191en copy

Evaluation of acupuncture and auriculotherapy in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Pilot Study^* * Extracted from the dissertation: “Effectiveness of an acupuncture and auriculotherapy protocol in relieving nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Hospital Regional do Vale do Paraíba (HRVP) – Taubaté – São Paulo: a Pilot Study”, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, 2023.

Evaluación de la acupuntura y la auriculoterapia en el control de las náuseas y vómitos inducidos por la quimioterapia: Estudio piloto

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture and auriculotherapy protocol in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients compared to the antiemetic protocol.

Method:

Pilot study of a pragmatic two-arm clinical trial: an acupuncture group received systemic acupuncture, auriculotherapy, and antiemetic protocol; a control group used antiemetic protocol. The sample consisted of 42 patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal system or multiple myeloma. The outcome was assessed using the Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Assessment Tool and the patient’s diary.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference between groups according to the assessment of the patient’s diary and the Assessment Tool of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The patients were 60 years old on average and the groups were homogeneous, except for marital status. In the diary, there was no statistical difference between groups and sessions for days of nausea (p = 0.873) and vomiting episodes (p = 0.993).

Conclusion:

The protocol of acupuncture and auriculotherapy as a complementary treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting was ineffective, considering the limitations of the study.

DESCRIPTORS
Acupuncture; Antineoplastic Agents; Nausea; Vomiting; Nursing

Variable	Level	GACA		CG		p-value
Variable	Level	N	%	N	%	p-value
Sex	Female	9	40.9	13	59.1	0.792^ chi-square test;
	Male	9	45.0	11	55.0
	Married	6	26.1	17	73.9
Marital status	Single	6	75.0	2	25.0	0.036^* *Fisher test;
	Divorced/separated/widow	6	54.6	5	45.4
	Elementary School	8	40.0	12	60.0
Level of Education¹ 1each category includes completed or uncompleted education;	High school	8	44.4	10	55.6	0.724^ chi-square test;
	Higher education	2	50.0	2	50.0
	White	10	38.5	16	61.5
Race	Black	4	57.1	3	42.9	0.468^ chi-square test;
	Brown	4	44.4	5	55.6
Occupation	Retired	9	40.9	13	59.1
	Self Employed/Employee	3	60.0	2	40.0
	Unemployed	3	42.9	4	57.1	0.791^ chi-square test;
	INSS/LOAS² 1each category includes completed or uncompleted education;	3	37.5	5	62.5
Religion	Catholic	15	45.4	18	54.6
	Evangelical	3	37.5	5	62.5	0.519^ chi-square test;
	None	–	–	1	100.0
Total		18	42.9	24	57.1

Variables	Group	N	Mean ± SD	Median	Min–Max	95% CI	p^* *Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney test.
Age	CG	24	61.8 ± 10.1	63.5	39–77	[57.5; 65.5]	0.268
	GACA	18	58.8 ± 10.1	58.5	42–73	[54.2; 63.3]
No. of children	CG	24	2.8 ± 1.7	3	0–8	[2.2; 3.6]	0.266
	GACA	18	2.2 ± 1.4	2	0–5	[1.6; 2.9]
Distance to	CG	24	41.4 ± 49.2	20	0–141	[24.6; 63.9]	0.446
Taubaté	GACA	18	50.9 ± 47.0	54	0–141	[31.4; 73.8]
Time for arrival	CG	24	62.5 ± 53.9	40	15–180	[44.7; 88.2]	0.601
at the hospital	GACA	18	66.4 ± 51	47.5	10–180	[47.4; 94.7]

NV	Acupuncture		Control		Total		p
NV	N	%	N	%	N	%	p
Nausea
Yes	10	47.6	11	52.4	21	100
No	8	44.4	10	55.6	18	100	0.843
Nausea intensity (CTCAE)
None	8	44.4	10	55.6	18	100
Grade I	4	44.4	5	55.6	9	100
Grade II	5	55.6	4	44.4	9	100
Grade III	1	33.3	2	66.7	3	100	0.907
Medication for nausea
Yes	8	53.3	7	46.7	15	100
No	10	41.8	14	58.2	24	100	0.477
Vomiting
Yes	5	41.7	7	58.3	12	100
No	13	48.1	14	51.9	27	100	0.708
Medication for vomiting
Yes	4	44.4	5	55.6	9	100
No	14	46.7	18	53.3	30	100	0.907
Total	18	46.2	21	53.8	39	100

Variable	Group	n	Mean	SD	Median	Variation	p*
Nausea-days ratio	Acupuncture	18	16.2	21.5	6.6	0–80
	Control	21	13.2	21.4	4.8	0–66.7	0.668
Nausea - Total days	Acupuncture	18	3.2	4.0	1.5	0–12
	Control	21	2.6	4.2	1.0	0–14	0.613
Proportion Days vomiting	Acupuncture	18	5.2	9.9	0	0–33.3
	Control	21	3.7	7.9	0	0–33.3	0.867
Vomiting Total days	Acupuncture	18	1.0	1.9	0	0–7
	Control	21	0.7	1.4	0	0–5	0.663

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Sabrina Ferreira Monteiro Morais, Rua Capitão Benedicto Correa, da Silva, 602, Mombaça, 12425–100 – Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil fmmsabrina@gmail.com