1. Formation of realist review team
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6. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.
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19. Wong G. The Internet in medical education: a worked example of a realist review. In: Hannes K, Lockwood C, editors. Synthesizing qualitative research: choosing the right approach. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. p. 83-112.
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27. Kirst M, O'Campo P. Realist review methods for complex health problems. In: O'Campo P, Dunn JR, editors. Rethinking social epidemiology. New York: Springer; 2012. p. 231-46.
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33. Jagosh J, Pluye P, Wong G, Cargo M, Salsberg J, Bush PL, et al. Critical reflections on realist review: insights from customizing the methodology to the needs of participatory research assessment. Res Synth Methods. 2014;5(2):131-41.
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39. Tricco AC, Tetzlaff J, Moher D. The art and science of knowledge synthesis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(1):11-20.
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2. Panorama of the theme and locate possible theories
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19. Wong G. The Internet in medical education: a worked example of a realist review. In: Hannes K, Lockwood C, editors. Synthesizing qualitative research: choosing the right approach. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. p. 83-112.
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25. Wong G. Realist reviews in health policy and systems research. In: Langlois EV, Daniels K, Akl EA, editors. Evidence synthesis for health policy and systems: a methods guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
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3. Title
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20. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.
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4. Abstract
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20. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.
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5. Introduction
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5.1. Rationale for review and identification of the research question(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.–2121. Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Buckingham J, Pawson R. RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses. BMC Med. 2013;29;11:21. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-21...
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6. Review objectives and focus
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20. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.
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7. Methods
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7.1. Rationale for using a realist review(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.)
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7.2. Scope of the literature(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.,3232. Rycroft-Malone J, McCormack B, Hutchinson AM, DeCorby K, Bucknall TK, Kent B, et al. Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7:33.)
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7.3. Description of the search process(2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.–2121. Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Buckingham J, Pawson R. RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses. BMC Med. 2013;29;11:21. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-21...
,2525. Wong G. Realist reviews in health policy and systems research. In: Langlois EV, Daniels K, Akl EA, editors. Evidence synthesis for health policy and systems: a methods guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.)
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7.4. Description of the selection processes and evaluation of documents(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.–2121. Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Buckingham J, Pawson R. RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses. BMC Med. 2013;29;11:21. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-21...
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7.5. Description of the data extraction process(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.,3232. Rycroft-Malone J, McCormack B, Hutchinson AM, DeCorby K, Bucknall TK, Kent B, et al. Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7:33.)
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7.6. Description of the analysis and synthesis process(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.–2121. Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Buckingham J, Pawson R. RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses. BMC Med. 2013;29;11:21. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-21...
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7.7. Changes in the review process(2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.)
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8. Results
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8.1. Selection and inclusion flow diagram(2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.,2525. Wong G. Realist reviews in health policy and systems research. In: Langlois EV, Daniels K, Akl EA, editors. Evidence synthesis for health policy and systems: a methods guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.)
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8.2. Evaluation of the included studies(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.)
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8.3. Description of the characteristics of the documents(2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.,2525. Wong G. Realist reviews in health policy and systems research. In: Langlois EV, Daniels K, Akl EA, editors. Evidence synthesis for health policy and systems: a methods guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.)
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8.4. Extraction, analysis and synthesis of the findings(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.–2121. Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Buckingham J, Pawson R. RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses. BMC Med. 2013;29;11:21. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-21...
,2525. Wong G. Realist reviews in health policy and systems research. In: Langlois EV, Daniels K, Akl EA, editors. Evidence synthesis for health policy and systems: a methods guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.)
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8.5 Theory test(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.–2121. Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Buckingham J, Pawson R. RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses. BMC Med. 2013;29;11:21. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-21...
,2525. Wong G. Realist reviews in health policy and systems research. In: Langlois EV, Daniels K, Akl EA, editors. Evidence synthesis for health policy and systems: a methods guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.)
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8.6. Review of the results(3232. Rycroft-Malone J, McCormack B, Hutchinson AM, DeCorby K, Bucknall TK, Kent B, et al. Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7:33.)
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8.7. Construction of a hierarchical theoretical framework(66. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.,2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.)
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9. Discussion
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9.1. Summary of the findings(2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.)
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9.2. Strengths, limitations and future directions of research(2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.)
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9.3. Comparison with existing literature(2020. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.)
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10. Conclusion and recommendations
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6. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.
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20. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.
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11. Financing and conflict of interest
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20. Wong G, Westhorp G, Pawson R, Greenhalgh T. Realist synthesis RAMESES training materials. London: RAMESES Project; 2013.
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12. Dissemination
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6. Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review – a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):21-34.
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32. Rycroft-Malone J, McCormack B, Hutchinson AM, DeCorby K, Bucknall TK, Kent B, et al. Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7:33.
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