Suicidio en ancianos: un estudio epidemiológico

Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, cuantitativo y retrospectivo. Los datos se obtuvieron de una plataforma del Ministerio de Sanidad y se analizaron. Se calculó el coeficiente de mortalidad y se obtuvieron los promedios y porcentajes de los medios utilizados.

Resultados:

En el periodo, se produjeron 8.977 suicidios en la población mayor de 60 años. Las tasas de suicidio más elevadas se concentraron en la población mayor de 80 años, que tuvo una media de 8,4/100.000 en el periodo, y entre 70 y 79 años, con una tasa media de 8,2/100.000. Considerando el conjunto de la población anciana mayor de 60 años, la cifra alcanzó el 7,8/100.000, mientras que en la población general fue del 5,3/100.000. Los valores se mantuvieron más altos entre la población anciana: la tasa media de los últimos 5 años entre los ancianos es un 47,2% superior a la media de la población general. El principal medio de suicidio fue el ahorcamiento (68%), seguido de las armas de fuego (11%), la autointoxicación (9%), alturas (5%) y los medios indefinidos o indeterminados (6%).

Conclusión:

Los análisis epidemiológicos aportan visibilidad al binomio envejecimiento y suicidio, corroborando la relevancia del tema.

DESCRIPTORES
Anciano; Suicidio; Epidemiología; Enfermería Geriátrica

ICD	Definition and Groupings
X60	Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics	Self-poisoning
X61	Antiepileptic, sedative, hypnotic, antiparkinsonian, and psychotropic drugs, not elsewhere classified
X61	Narcotics and psychodysleptics [hallucinogens], not elsewhere classified
X62	Narcotics and psychodysleptics [hallucinogens], not elsewhere classified
X63	Other drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system
X64	Other and unspecified drugs, medicaments, and biological substances
X65	Intentional by alcohol
X66	Organic solvents and halogenated hydrocarbons and their vapors
X67	Other gases and vapors
X68	Intentional exposure to pesticides
X69	Other and unspecified chemicals and noxious substances
X72	Intentional self-harm by handgun discharge	Firearms
X73	Intentional self-harm by rifle, shotgun, and larger firearm discharge
X74	Intentional self-harm by other and unspecified firearm discharge
X78	Intentional self-harm by sharp object	Cutting or contusive object
X79	Intentional self-harm by blunt object	Cutting or contusive object
X75	Intentional self-harm by explosive material	Other means (low incidence)
X77	Intentional self-harm by steam, hot vapors, and hot objects
X81	Intentional self-harm by jumping or lying before moving object
X82	Intentional self-harm by crashing of motor vehicle
X83	Intentional self-harm by other specified means
ICD	Non-grouped ICD
X70	Intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation
X71	Intentional self-harm by drowning and submersion
X76	Intentional self-harm by smoke, fire, and flames
X80	Intentional self-harm by jumping from a high place
X84	Intentional self-harm by unspecified means

Year	Age group	Number of suicides (all means)			Coefficient of mortality rate by 100,000 citizens
Year	Age group	Male	Female	Total^* * The total differs from the sum of men and women due to the existence of death registries with no sex.	Male	Female	Total
2012	60-69 years	721	195	916	13.5	3.2	7.7
	70-79 years	394	98	492	14.1	2.7	7.8
	80 years or older	221	40	262	19.2	2.2	9
	Total - Elderly	1,336	333	1,670	14.4	2.9	8.0
	General Population	8,061	2,257	10,321	8.5	2.3	5.2
2013	60-69 years	693	211	904	12.0	3.1	7.2
	70-79 years	428	100	528	15.2	2.7	8.1
	80 years or older	203	55	258	17.7	2.9	8.5
	Total - Elderly	1,324	366	1,690	13.6	3	7.7
	General Population	8,309	2,223	10,533	8.4	2.3	5.2
2014	60-69 years	730	177	907	12.0	2.5	6.9
	70-79 years	416	96	512	14.3	2.5	7.6
	80 years or older	218	41	259	18.3	3.1	8.2
	Total - Elderly	1,364	314	1,678	13.4	2.4	7.3
	General Population	8,419	2,233	10,653	8.4	2.2	5.3
2015	60-69 years	806	243	1,049	12.7	3.3	7.7
	70-79 years	507	109	616	16.8	2.7	8.8
	80 years or older	240	38	278	19.2	1.8	8.4
	Total - Elderly	1,553	390	1.943	14.7	2.9	8.1
	General Population	8,780	2,396	11,178	8.7	2.3	5.5
2016	60-69 years	877	227	1,104	13.3	3.0	7.8
	70-79 years	521	100	621	16.6	2.4	8.6
	80 years or older	241	40	271	17.8	1.9	7.8
	Total - Elderly	1,639	367	1,996	14.8	2.6	8.0
	General Population	9,053	2,378	11,433	8.9	2.3	5.5
Total (2012 to 2016)	60-69 years	3,827	1,053	4,880	12.7	3.0	7.7
	70-79 years	2,266	503	2,769	15.4	2.6	8.2
	80 years or older	1,123	214	1,328	18.4	2.3	8.4
	Total - Elderly	7,216	1,770	8,977	14.2	2.8	7.8
	General Population	42,622	11,105	54,118	8.6	2.3	5.3

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Mariana Cristina Lobato dos Santos, Rua Caiubi, 1447, Apt. 61, Perdizes, CEP 05010-000 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil. marianalobatorb@gmail.com