Biometric measurements of the nasal area of newborns for the development of a nasal protector model: cross-sectional study

Mascarenhas, Mércia Lisieux Vaz da Costa; Guedes, Bruna Luizy dos Santos; Ferreira, Marcella Martins Barbosa; Santos, Magda Kelanny de Oliveira dos; Santos, Regina Célia Sales; Lúcio, Ingrid Martins Leite

doi:10.1590/S1980-220X2019031703706

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 55 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2019031703706 copy

Biometric measurements of the nasal area of newborns for the development of a nasal protector model: cross-sectional study^* * Extracted from the dissertation: “Modelo de protetor nasal para recém-nascidos em uso de pronga: estudo baseado em medidas anatômicas”, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2017.

Mediciones biométricas de la región nasal de neonatos para el desarrollo de un modelo de protector nasal: estudio transversal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To correlate the biometric measurements of the nasal area of premature and term newborns to provide parameters for a nasal protector model.

Method:

A crosssectional descriptive study, carried out in the neonatal joint accommodation, intermediate and intensive care units of a hospital in Maceio, Alagoas, with a total of 300 newborns, divided into two groups: 150 term and 150 premature. Neonatal history data and 1200 digital photographs were used for biometric measurements.

Results:

The groups were homogeneous regarding gender, weight and length of the newborn. The measurements of nasal width, distance from the wing of the nose to the right and left columella midline, right and left nasal introitus area, length of the right and left nasal dorsum were different when compared in groups according to gestational age and weight ranges - very low weight, low weight and appropriate weight for gestational age (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

The data obtained provide parameters for creating a nasal protector for newborns using prongs, considering anatomical aspects.

DESCRIPTORS:
Infant, Newborn; Nose; Protection; Technology; Neonatal Nursing

	Pre-term NB		Term NB
	Mean (SD)	Min -Max	Mean (SD)	Min -Max
Gestational age	35.18 (±1.46)	28.28 -36.85	39.52 (±1.21)	37.00 -42.14
1st min Apgar	7.50 (±1.63)	2.00 -9.00	8.00 (±1.42)	1.00 -9.00
5th min Apgar	8.41 (±1.90)	0.00 -10.00	8.89 (±1.35)	0.00 -10.00
Age (days)	8.88 (±9.66)	0.00 -59.00	3.94 (±7.32)	0.00 -60.00
Weight of the day (Kg)	2.03 (±0.51)	0.84 -3.98	3.01 (±0.56)	1.03 -4.24
Birth weight (Kg)	2.06 (±0.60)	0.62 -3.98	3.13 (±0.64)	1.19 -4.56
Length (cm)	43.42 (±3.55)	34.00 -51.00	48.32 (±3.79)	32.00 -54.00

	Pre-term NB		Term NB		P value
	Mean (SD)	95%CI	Mean (SD)	95%CI	P value
Nasal Height	1.49(±0.19)	1.46-1.52	1.51(±0.19)	1.48-1.55	0.339 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Nasal Width	1.77(±0.19)	1.74-1.80	1.93(±0.20)	1.90-1.96	0.000 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Wing distance to right CML	0.96(±0.10)	0.95-0.98	1.07(±0.10)	1.05-1.08	0.000 ^a a Kruskal Wallis test;
Wing distance to left CML	0.97(±0.12)	0.95-0.99	1.10(±0.10)	1.08-1.11	0.000 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Columella Length	0.41(±0.08)	0.40-0.43	0.45(±0.92)	0.44-0.47	0.000 ^a a Kruskal Wallis test;
Columella width	0.41(±0.07)	0.39-0.42	0.45(±0.06)	0.44-0.46	0.000 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Right introitus area	0.11(±0.04)	0.10-0.12	0.14(±0.05)	0.13-0.14	0.000 ^a a Kruskal Wallis test;
Left introitus area	0.11(±0.05)	0.10-0.12	0.13(±0.05)	0.13-0.14	0.000 ^a a Kruskal Wallis test;
Right tip protrusion	1.14(±0.19)	1.11-1.17	1.14(±0.20)	1.10-1.17	0.869 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Left tip protrusion	1.13(±0.19)	1.10-1.16	1.17(±0.22)	1.14-1.21	0.096 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Right dorsum length	1.44(±0.19)	1.41-1.48	1.51(±0.24)	1.47-1.55	0.017 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Left dorsum length	1.50(±0.22)	1.74-1.80	1.56(±0.25)	1.52-1.60	0.025 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.

	Adequate	Low weight		Very low weight		P value
	Mean (SD) 95%CI	Mean (SD)	95%CI	Mean (SD)	CI 95%	P value
Nasal Height	1.54(±0.18) 1.5-1.57	1.54(±0.19)	1.49-1.60	1.43(±0.19)	1.40-1.47	0.000 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Nasal Width	1.96(±0.19) 1.92-1.99	1.86(±0.19)	1.8-1.91	1.70(±0.17)	1.67-1.74	0.000 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Wing distance to right CML	1.09(±0.95) 1.07-1.10	0.99(±0.08)	0.97-1.02	0.93(±0.09)	0.91-0.95	0.000 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Wing distance to left CML	1.11(±0.09) 1.10-1.13	0.99(±0.12)	0.96-1.03	0.95(±0.10)	0.93-0.97	0.000 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Columella Length	0.45(±0.08) 0.44-0.47	0.42(±0.09)	0.40-0.45	0.42(±0.09)	0.40-0.43	0.005 ^a a Kruskal Wallis test;
Columella width	0.46(±0.06) 0.45-0.47	0.43(±0.07)	0.41-0.45	0.39(±0.06)	0.38-0.41	0.000 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Right introitus area	0.14(±0.05) 0.13-0.15	0.11(±0.04)	0.10-0.12	0.11(±0.04)	0.10-0.12	0.000 ^a a Kruskal Wallis test;
Left introitus area	0.14(±0.05) 0.13-0.14	0.11(±0.05)	0.10-0.12	0.11(±0.04)	0.10-0.12	0.000 ^a a Kruskal Wallis test;
Right tip protrusion	1.14(±0.21) 1.10-1. 17	1.19(±0.18)	1.14-1.24	1.11(±0.18)	1.07-1.14	0.054 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Left tip protrusion	1.17(±0.22) 1.13-1.21	1.21(±0.19)	1.16-1.27	1.09(±0.18)	1.06-1.13	0.001 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Right dorsum length	1.52(±0.23) 1.48-1.55	1.49(±0.21)	1.43-1.55	1.41(±0.20)	1.37-1.45	0.002 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.
Left dorsum length	1.56(±0.24) 1.52-1.60	1.56(±0.23)	1.50-1.62	1.48(±0.22)	1.43-1.52	0.020 ^b b Student's t-test; Significance level p < 0.05.

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E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Bruna Luizy dos Santos Guedes Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n -Cidade Universitária, CEP 57072-900 - Maceió, AL, Brazil bruna.guedes89@gmail.com