| The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerization? |
CB Frey, MA Osborne (Frey e Osborne, 2017FREY, C. B.; OSBORNE, M. A. (2017) The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting & Social Change, v. 114, p. 254-280. ) |
They realize an analysis of susceptibility to computerization of 702 occupations in the United States. For the authors, 47% of the jobs are in the high-probability category of automation, with 70% or more of automation risk. |
| Trends in US Wage Inequality: Revising the Revisionists |
DH Autor, LF Katz, MS Kearney (2008AUTOR, D. H.; KATZ, L. F.; KEARNEY, M. S. (2008) Trends in U.S. wage inequality: Revising the revisionists. Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 90, n. 2, p. 300-323. , 2,696 cit.) |
The paper examines the growth of wage inequality in the United States since 1963, which presents a pattern variation in 1980. Looking for a complete analysis, they study the role of information technologies in wage changes. In conclusion, the authors theorize about the “polarization” of the job market. |
| The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market |
H David, D Dorn (2012, 2,500 cit.) |
Having the paper by Autor, Katz, and Kearney (2008AUTOR, D. H.; KATZ, L. F.; KEARNEY, M. S. (2008) Trends in U.S. wage inequality: Revising the revisionists. Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 90, n. 2, p. 300-323. , above) as a starting point, the authors add a model of spatial equilibrium to evaluate the impacts over salaries. They obtained evidence that the effects of “polarization” guide workers from medium skills and routine tasks to the service sector, less subject to robotization. |
| Job Polarization in Europe |
M Goos, A Manning, A Salomons (2009GOOS, M.; MANNING, A.; SALOMONS, A. (2009) Job polarization in Europe. American Economic Review, v. 99, n. 2, p. 58-62. , 1,380 cit.) |
The authors estimate the job “polarization” between 1993 and 2006 in 16 European countries caused by the routine-task automation allowed by the recent technological advances. |
| The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries |
M Arntz, T Gregory, U Zierahn (2016, 1,200 cit.) |
Evaluates the chances of future reduction of jobs as a result of automation and digitalization. However, the authors argue this as unexpected regardless of whether the analysis is conducted based on tasks and not on the occupations, which have a high level of aggregation. |
| Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets |
D Acemoglu, P Restrepo (2017ACEMOGLU, D.; RESTREPO, P. (2017) Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets: Nber Working Paper Series n. 23285. Cambridge - MA, USA, March. , 967 cit.) |
Analyzes the growth of the use of “industrial robots” in previous human-executed tasks in the United States between 1990 and 2007. According to the authors’ estimation, one robot more per thousand workers may reduce the employment-population ratio by 0.18%-0.34% and wages by 0.25%-0.50%. |
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