The role of transnational corporations in the international insertion of Brazilian manufactures in the context of productive restructuring

Pereira, Adriano José; Dathein, Ricardo

doi:10.1590/0101-31572015v36n04a06

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Brazilian Journal of Political Economy

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Articles • Rev. Econ. Polit. 36 (4) • Oct-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572015v36n04a06 copy

The role of transnational corporations in the international insertion of Brazilian manufactures in the context of productive restructuring^* The authors thank the Central Bank of Brazil for granting access to data that was not published in the Census of Foreign Capital, necessary for the development of the research, as well as to the two anonymous reviewers who have contributed to the improvement of the work.

O papel das empresas transnacionais na inserção internacional da produção industrial brasileira no contexto da reestruturação produtiva

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the influence of the international trade pattern of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) on the international insertion of Brazilian manufacturing industry between 1995 and 2005, based on data of the Census of Foreign Capitals of the Central Bank of Brazil. The work aims to investigate to what extent increased international insertion of TNCs in national economies has contributed to the evolution of Brazilian manufactures in terms of international trade. It has been concluded that the significant participation of TNCs in Brazilian foreign trade reveals that the international insertion of the country's industrial output presents an increasing dependency on strategic decisions of TNCs.

KEYWORDS:
Brazilian economy; Transnational corporations; International trade; Intra-firm trade; Technological content

Years	Number of firms	Number of employees (annual average)	Share of total exports (%)	Share of total imports (%)	Share of intra-firm export in total exports of FCC (%)	Share of intra-firm import in total imports of FCC (%)
FCC - total foreign capital
1995	6.322	1.352.571	46,8	38,8	41,8	44,0
2000	11.404	1.709.555	60,4	56,6	63,3	57,8
2005	17.605	2.091.737	54,9	61,8	61,1	55,7
FCC - with major foreign capital shareholding
1995	4.902	911.371	31,2	31,4	30,5	41,2
2000	9.712	1.298.276	41,4	49,3	48,0	55,9
2005	9.673	1.623.492	42,4	51,0	48,9	48,2

Manufacturing industry		Intra-firm expot/total			Intra-firm expot/total
Economic Activity	1995	2000	2005	1995	2000	2005
Low and medium-low technological intensity
Food and beverage	28,1	82,5	68,8	28,1	48,5	50,8
Tobacco products	65,2	81,6	34,7	35,1	40,2	17,1
Textiles	17,0	37,4	17,8	17,5	23,3	27,4
Clothing and accessories	52,1	69,2	60,9	10,6	14,3	4,2
Leather products and footwear	8,8	25,5	13,7	7,6	26,3	4,0
Wood products	38,5	45,1	60,3	20,9	15,7	14,1
Pulp, paper and prod. of paper	65,1	76,4	83,0	35,8	46,4	32,2
Publish.Print. and reprod. of rec. media	27,1	46,7	36,3	15,3	19,2	46,4
Coke, oil and other fuels.	0,0	0,0	99,5	0,0	100,0	97,0
Rubber and Plastic products	55,2	74,3	43,4	53,1	49,8	33,6
Non-metallic minerals	24,7	29,8	24,7	22,1	32,7	33,9
Basic metals	34,6	71,9	41,1	17,1	38,5	5,8
Metal products	67,2	47,7	47,9	21,4	46,0	58,5
Furniture and manufacture n.e.c.	39,7	25,7	53,3	26,4	61,9	57,3
Recycling	0,0	0,0	28,8	0,0	3,5	63,9
Average	34,9	47,6	47,6	20,7	37,7	36,4
High and medium-high technological intensity
Chemical products	38,0	62,9	64,4	51,9	66,5	64,6
Machinery and equipments	47,5	63,6	67,4	54,0	72,5	56,7
Office machinery and computers	88,5	58,3	1,5	75,5	49,9	52,1
Electrical mach. and apparatus n.e.c.	31,0	67,4	60,8	43,3	72,8	55,8
Electronic mach. and communication	50,1	81,1	47,7	35,0	57,0	41,5
Medical, optic and prec. equip. watches	26,7	69,4	57,8	42,3	59,4	59,7
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	57,7	73,8	77,8	46,0	61,8	70,5
Other transport equipments	5,8	9,2	23,9	30,9	24,4	31,7
Average	43,2	60,7	50,1	47,4	58,0	54,1

Manufacturing industry		Intra-firm exports/total			Intra-firm imports/total
Economic activity	1995	2000	2005	1995	2000	2005
Low and medium-low technological intensity
Food and beverage	30,3	88,1	70,0	36,5	57,2	53,8
Tobacco products	65,2	87,0	31,7	35,1	40,3	17,8
Textiles	14,7	45,2	17,2	22,4	35,6	29,6
Clothing and accessories	52,7	69,1	64,8	10,8	13,6	4,5
Leather products and footwear	18,4	41,6	17,1	22,6	48,1	6,5
Wood products	57,8	48,7	70,1	23,1	18,0	15,5
Pulp, paper and prod. of paper	16,3	29,5	72,1	60,8	50,0	41,8
Publish. Print. and reprod. of rec. media	31,2	59,3	45,7	25,4	26,1	71,5
Coke, oil e other fuels.	0,0	0,0	100,0	0,0	100,0	100,0
Rubber and Plastic products	56,3	76,8	48,4	58,9	56,1	36,0
Non-metallic minerals	23,2	30,3	30,2	23,3	34,3	38,9
Basic metals	45,4	47,1	46,6	22,7	44,3	9,6
Metal products	64,5	48,4	52,2	27,9	54,5	61,3
Furniture and manufacture n.e.c.	39,6	33,6	74,5	36,7	64,5	73,9
Recycling	100,0	0,0	20,0	0,0	3,5	64,2
Average	41,0	47,0	50,7	27,1	43,1	41,7
High and medium-high technological intensity
Chemical products	40,8	69,1	67,2	55,4	69,6	67,0
Machinery and equipments	51,5	59,2	70,5	58,4	74,6	57,1
Office machinery and computers	88,0	58,3	1,7	80,1	51,6	55,0
Electrical mach. and apparatus n.e.c.	30,7	68,5	59,6	46,8	75,1	57,4
Electronic mach. and communication	54,0	81,3	48,2	45,1	59,4	37,2
Medical, optic and prec. equip. watches	27,5	69,7	58,9	46,5	60,2	58,9
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	56,8	76,8	76,6	46,2	62,5	73,1
Other transport equipments	23,2	48,8	30,3	94,5	85,6	37,8
Average	46,5	66,5	51,6	59,1	67,3	55,4

Manufacturing industry		Propensity to export			Propensity to import
Economic activity	1995	2000	2005	1995	2000	2005
Low and medium-low technological intensity
Food and beverage	13,1	28,8	20,4	7,3	6,8	4,8
Tobacco products	39,5	39,8	75,1	5,4	3,2	3,1
Textiles	18,3	13,8	22,8	14,8	17,9	14,0
Clothing and accessories	6,4	2,0	3,9	18,5	6,4	5,8
Leather products and footwear	61,0	58,3	54,8	8,5	10,1	6,6
Wood products	46,9	30,3	28,4	5,1	15,6	9,7
Pulp, paper and prod. of paper	36,8	37,6	44,2	6,6	11,5	9,3
Publish. Print. and reprod. of rec. media	0,4	0,8	3,0	6,1	9,7	11,6
Coke, oil and other fuels.	11,1	28,1	4,5	25,3	28,4	80,5
Rubber and Plastic products	17,6	14,9	9,4	15,0	18,1	13,7
Non-metallic minerals	12,0	12,4	17,0	5,5	7,6	7,8
Basic metals	31,9	38,2	26,7	10,7	10,9	11,2
Metal products	13,4	15,1	9,5	14,8	14,8	9,2
Furniture and manufacture n.e.c.	7,4	12,5	33,5	11,3	16,5	18,0
Recycling	0,0	0,2	0,8	2,3	1,4	1,0
Average	21,0	22,2	23,6	10,5	11,9	13,8
High and medium-high technological intensity
Chemical products	8,2	8,1	9,8	18,2	23,8	28,0
Machinery and equipments	17,5	22,5	36,3	12,6	18,3	22,3
Office machinery and computers	7,3	6,6	15,9	10,3	53,8	58,5
Electrical mach. and apparatus n.e.c.	11,4	18,5	15,7	11,4	23,8	26,9
Electronic mach. and communication	4,1	9,6	22,6	28,7	32,0	43,0
Medical, optic and prec. equip. watches	6,1	12,6	19,5	26,3	31,4	21,8
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	9,8	21,5	26,6	11,3	21,2	15,5
Other transport equipments	20,9	70,9	61,6	25,4	42,4	46,2
Average	10,7	21,3	26,00	18,0	30,8	32,7

Manufacturing industry		Propensity to export			Propensity to import
Economic activity	1995	2000	2005	1995	2000	2005
Low and medium-low technological intensity
Food and beverage	9,7	29,4	25,2	7,1	6,7	4,7
Tobacco products	39,5	38,5	74,5	5,4	3,4	4,0
Textiles	18,5	7,1	20,3	14,0	22,5	14,2
Clothing and accessories	6,3	2,1	4,6	19,6	6,6	5,2
Leather products and footwear	63,1	57,4	91,7	6,2	7,6	8,7
Wood products	36,5	34,3	38,2	5,4	23,6	17,0
Pulp, paper and prod. of paper	12,6	13,2	31,4	10,0	16,6	10,5
Publish. Print. and reprod. of rec. media	0,3	0,8	3,0	3,9	7,7	9,8
Coke, oil and other fuels.	n.d.	28,1	4,5	n.d.	28,4	77,7
Rubber and Plastic products	19,0	18,0	9,9	14,9	20,1	14,8
Non-metallic minerals	11,7	9,8	14,8	6,2	9,0	7,4
Basic metals	27,8	33,2	29,8	10,9	11,5	10,7
Metal products	12,3	17,0	10,2	13,2	16,0	9,8
Furniture and manufacture n.e.c.	8,8	10,4	21,6	9,9	17,0	17,5
Recycling	0,0	0,2	0,7	2,3	1,4	1,0
Average	19,0	20,0	25,3	9,2	13,2	14,2
High and medium-high technological intensity
Chemical products	7,7	8,0	9,7	20,5	25,3	28,3
Machinery and equipments	21,9	20,9	35,7	16,2	19,0	22,5
Office machinery and computers	7,3	6,9	14,8	9,9	54,0	58,4
Electrical mach. and apparatus n.e.c.	12,1	19,3	15,6	11,9	24,4	26,3
Electronic mach. and communication	7,8	10,0	25,2	28,3	32,0	42,8
Medical, optic and prec. equip. watches	6,9	13,0	19,8	26,3	32,2	21,7
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	9,6	21,1	26,0	11,3	21,3	15,2
Other transport equipments	6,4	17,8	58,2	18,7	28,4	43,3
Average	9,9	14,6	25,6	17,9	29,6	32,3

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[TFN1] Source: Authors's elaboration from original data of Brazilian Central Bank (BCB) (2010Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) (2010) "Censo de capitais estrangeiros no país: 1995, 2000 e 2005". Available at http://www.bcb.gov.br/?CENSOCE >. Acess November 10, 2010.
http://www.bcb.gov.br/?CENSOCE... , 2011aBanco Central do Brasil (BCB) (2011a). "Censo de capitais estrangeiros no país - data-base: 2000 - resultado". Available at http://www.bcb.gov.br/Rex/Censo2000/Port/Resultado/resultados.asp?idpai=CENSO2000RES. Acess on January 15, 2011.
http://www.bcb.gov.br/Rex/Censo2000/Port... , 2011bBanco Central do Brasil (BCB) (2011b) "Investimento estrangeiro direto: 1996 a 2009. Available at http://www.bcb.gov.br/?INVEDIR>. Acess on January 15, 2011.
http://www.bcb.gov.br/?INVEDIR... ).