Patterns of external insertion in global value chains: a comparative analysis between Brazil and China

Araújo, Caroline Giusti de; Diegues, Antonio Carlos

doi:10.1590/0101-31572022-3161

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Brazilian Journal of Political Economy

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Articles • Brazil. J. Polit. Econ. 42 (1) • Jan-Mar 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3161 copy

Patterns of external insertion in global value chains: a comparative analysis between Brazil and China

Padrões de inserção externa nas cadeias globais de valor: uma análise comparativa entre Brasil e China

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The international trade literature has shown the benefits of the international fragmentation of production for developing countries. However, there are considerations about the hierarchy and control in Global Value Chains (GVCs). Thus, this research aims to evaluate the Brazilian and Chinese international insertion in GVCs by proposing an index about technological sophistication in exports (q_tech) by technological intensity for 2005-2015. The results pointed out that the integration in GVCs and technological sophistication have been directed towards technological clusters in which Brazil has revealed comparative advantages, while China has been moving towards technological clusters with dynamic comparative advantages.

KEYWORDS:
Global Value Chains; international insertion; Brazil; China

		2005		2010		2015
		Brazil	China	Brazil	China	Brazil	China
Forward participation proxy	L	2.63%	1.55%	0.49%	1.69%	0.30%	1.90%
	ML	4.76%	2.88%	0.92%	2.90%	0.54%	3.28%
	M	3.51%	1.67%	0.86%	1.73%	0.37%	1.93%
	MH	4.89%	4.18%	0.97%	4.48%	0.51%	5.41%
	H	2.42%	5.18%	0.50%	5.07%	0.26%	4.62%
	T	18.23%	15.45%	3.74%	15.86%	1.98%	17.15%
Backwards participation proxy	L	1.33%	1.13%	0.24%	0.65%	0.29%	0.63%
	ML	3.49%	4.69%	0.62%	3.25%	0.47%	2.62%
	M	1.77%	3.17%	0.22%	2.77%	0.19%	2.41%
	MH	2.25%	4.71%	0.29%	4.84%	0.24%	4.02%
	H	1.24%	12.66%	0.13%	9.62%	0.08%	7.69%
	T	10.08%	26.36%	1.51%	21.12%	1.27%	17.37%
Participation in global value chains	L	3.96%	2.68%	0.73%	2.33%	0.59%	2.53%
	ML	8.25%	7.57%	1.54%	6.15%	1.01%	5.90%
	M	5.28%	4.84%	1.08%	4.49%	0.56%	4.34%
	MH	7.15%	8.89%	1.27%	9.33%	0.75%	9.44%
	H	3.67%	17.84%	0.62%	14.68%	0.34%	12.31%
	T	28.31%	41.81%	5.25%	36.98%	3.25%	34.51%
Comparative advantage	L	0.80	0.41	0.96	0.37	1.25	038
	ML	1.42	1.08	1.57	0.87	1.42	0.93
	M	1.37	1.58	0.97	1.54	1.09	1.73
	MH	0.90	0.97	0.69	1.27	0.56	1.18
	H	0.52	1.80	0.33	1.91	0.28	1.69
Breakdown of gross exports	L	23.39%	10.36%	27.08%	9.19%	35.91%	10.16%
	ML	37.92%	26.28%	45.02%	23.03%	36.52%	22.39%
	M	13.43%	14.12%	9.81%	14.34%	11.15%	16.27%
	MH	17.35%	17.84%	13.00%	22.62%	12.01%	23.29%
	H	7.90%	31.40%	5.09%	30.81%	4.41%	27.89%
Domestic value added in exports compared to gross exports	L	21.87%	9.23%	25.51%	8.55%	32.93%	9.53%
	ML	33.94%	21.59%	40.89%	19.78%	31.66%	19.77%
	M	11.40%	10.96%	8.32%	11.57%	9.22%	13.86%
	MH	14.78%	13.13%	11.05%	17.78%	9.58%	19.27%
	H	6.48%	18.74%	4.25%	21.20%	3.57%	20.20%

	Galindo-Rueda and Verger (2016GALINDO-RUEDA, F.; VERGER, F. (2016) OECD taxonomy of economic activities based on R&D intensity. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, v. 4, p. 24. )		TiVA (2018OECD (2018). Guide to OECD’s Trade in Value Added (TiVA) Indicators, 2018 edition. n. December. )
	Manufacture	Non-manufacture	Manufacture	Non-manufacture
High intensity	21: Pharmaceutical	72: P&D	D20T21: Chemicals and pharmaceutical products
High intensity	26: Computers, electronic and optical products		D26: Computers, electronic and optical products
Medium-high intensity	30: Other transport equipment	58: Publishing activity	D30: Other transport equipment
	29: Motor vehicle, trailer, and semi-trailer	62-63: IT and other information services	D29: Motor vehicle, trailer, and semi-trailer	D62T63: IT and other information services
	28: Machinery and equipment, nec		D28: Machinery and equipment, nec
	20: Chemicals and chemical products
	27: Electrical equipment		D27: Electrical equipment
Medium intensity	22: Rubber and rubber products		D22: Rubber and rubber products
	23: Other non-metallic mineral products		D23: Other non-metallic mineral products
	24: Basic metals		D24: Basic metals
	32: Other manufactures		D31T33: Other manufactures, repair and installation of machinery and equipment
	33: Repair and installation of machinery and equipment
Medium-low intensity	13: Textile	69-75X: Professional, scientific, and technical activities, except scientific R&D (ISIC 69 to 75 except 72)	D13T15: Textile, clothing, leather, and related products
	15: Leather and related products		D13T15: Textile, clothing, leather, and related products
	25: Metal products, except machinery and equipment		D05T09: Mining and quarrying	D25: Metal products
	17: Paper and other paper products		D17T18: Paper products and printing
	10-12: Food products, beverages, and tobacco	61: Telecommunication	D10T12: Food products, beverages, and tobacco	D61: Telecommunication
	14: Clothing	05-09: Mining		D05T09: Mining
	19: Coke and oil refining		D19: Coke and oil refining
	31: Furniture
	16: Wood and wood and cork products		D16: Wood and wood and cork products
	18: Printing and reproduction of recorded media
Low intensity		64-66: Financial and insurance activities		D64T66: Financial and insurance activities
		35-39: Supply of electricity, gas, and water, waste management and remediation		D35T39: Supply of electricity, gas, and water, waste management and remediation
		59-60: Audiovisual and broadcasting activities		D58T60: Editorial, audiovisual, and broadcasting activities
		45-47: Wholesale and retail trade		D45T47: Wholesale and retail trade; motor vehicle repair
		01-03: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing		D01T03: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
		41-43: Civil construction		D41T43: Civil construction
		77-82: Administrative and support services
		90-99: Arts, entertainment, repair of household items, and other services
		49-53: Transport and storage		D49T53: Transport and storage
		55-56: Accommodation and food activities		D55T56: Accommodation and food activities
		68: Real estate activities		D68: Real estate activities

Centro de Economia Política Rua Araripina, 106, CEP 05603-030 São Paulo - SP, Tel. (55 11) 3816-6053 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cecilia.heise@bjpe.org.br

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[TFN1] *L = Low; ML = Medium-low; M = Medium; MH = Medium-high; H = High; T = Total