Risk factors for death due to COVID-19, in the state of Acre, Brazil, 2020: a retrospective cohort study

Patrícia Rezende do Prado

Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

Fernanda Raphael Escobar Gimenes

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

Marcos Venicius Malveira de Lima

³Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Acre, Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

Virgilio Batista do Prado

Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

Carolina Pontes Soares

Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

Thatiana Lameira Maciel Amaral

Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

Correspondence: Thatiana Lameira Maciel Amaral - Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 4, Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. CEP: 69920-900. Postcode: 500. E-mail: thatianalameira27@gmail.com

Authors’ contributions

Prado PR, Gimenes FRE, Lima MVM and Soares CP collaborated with the conception and design of the manuscript, data analysis and interpretation and drafting the first version of the manuscript. Prado VB and Amaral TLM collaborated with data analysis and interpretation, and critical reviewing of the manuscript. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and have declared themselves to be responsible for all aspects of the work, including ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

Variable		Total		Positive		Negative	p-value^a
Variable		N	N	%	N	%	p-value^a
Sex^b	Male	26,296	11,342	46.5	14,954	45.0	<0.001
	Female	31,342	13,040	53.5	18,302	55.0
Age	<60 years old	50,655	21,048	86.3	29,607	88.9	<0.001
	≥60 years old	7,045	3,341	13.7	3,704	11.1
Race/skin color^b	White	6,864	2,683	11.5	4,181	13.5	<0.001
	Brown	44,743	19,265	82.8	25,478	82.3
	Indigenous	1,406	806	3.5	600	1.9
	Black	1,230	519	2.2	711	2.3
Healthcare professionals	Yes	5,440	1,992	8.2	3,448	10.4	<0.001
	No	52,260	22,397	91.8	29,863	89.6
Public security professional	Yes	1,607	686	2.8	921	2.8	0.730
	No	56,093	23,703	97.2	32.390	97.2
Total		57,700	24,389	42.3	33,311	57.7

Variable		N	%
Municipality of residence	Rio Branco	9,399	38.5
	Cruzeiro do Sul	3,178	13.0
	Tarauacá	1,559	6.4
	Sena Madureira	1,252	5.1
	Feijó	1,127	4.6
	Brasiléia	1,123	4.6
	Xapuri	960	3.9
	Mâncio Lima	757	3.1
	Others	5,034	20.6
Number of signs and symptoms reported	Asymptomatic	1,464	6.0
	1 to 2	10,056	41.2
	3 to 4	10,750	44.1
	5 and more	2,119	8,7
Signs and symptoms	Fever	17,301	68.3
	Cough	15,322	60.5
	Sore Throat	10,397	41.1
	Dyspnea	7,576	29.9
	Headache	7,735	30.5
	Hyposmia/anosmia/hypogeusia	1,083	4.3
	Myalgia	3,165	12.5
	Runny nose	1,566	6.2
	Diarrhea	1,779	7.0
Multimorbidity	Yes	1,492	5.9
Reported Morbidities	Heart disease	834	3.3
	Diabetes mellitus	443	1.7
	Chronic respiratory disease	186	0.7
	Chronic kidney disease	103	0.7
	Immunosuppression	173	0.7
	Chromosomal disorder	61	0.2
	High-risk pregnancy	63	0.2

Variable		Total	Death		p-value^b
Variable		N	N	%	p-value^b
Sex^c	Male	8,905	333	3.7	<0.001
	Female	10,075	212	2.1
Age	<60 years old	16,424	173	1.0	<0.001
	≥60 years old	2,563	372	14.5
Race/skin color^c	White	2,087	52	2.5	0.452
	Brown	15,024	431	2.9
	Indigenous	505	14	2.8
	Black	401	7	1.7
Healthcare Professionals	Yes	1,715	9	0.5	<0.001
Fever	Yes	13,264	384	2.9	0.757
Cough	Yes	11,755	369	3.1	0.005
Sore throat	Yes	7,802	140	1.8	<0.001
Dyspnea	Yes	5,971	357	6.0	<0.001
Headache	Yes	5,896	87	1.5	<0.001
Myalgia	Yes	2,623	39	1.5	<0.001
Hyposmia/anosmia/hypogeusia	Yes	745	7	0.9	0.001
Runny nose	Yes	1,248	18	1.4	0.002
Diarrhea	Yes	1,378	29	2.1	0.077
Multimorbidity	Yes	736	88	12.0	<0.001
Heart disease	Yes	616	32	5.2	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	Yes	358	25	7.0	<0.001
Chronic respiratory disease	Yes	158	6	3.8	0.483
Chronic Kidney disease	Yes	88	8	9.1	<0.001
Total		18,987	545	2.9

Variable		Crude HR^b	95%IC^c	p-value^d	Adjusted^e HR^b	95%IC^c	p-value^d
Sex	Male	1.78	1.49;2.11	<0.001	1.48	1.25;1.76	<0,.001
Age	≥60 years old	14.83	12.40;17.73	<0.001	10.64	8.84;12.81	<0.001
Healthcare professional	Yes	0.17	0.09;0.32	<0.001	0.38	0.20;0.74	0.002
Cough	Yes	1.41	1.18;1.69	0.038	1.13	0.94;1.36	0.945
Sore Throat	Yes	0.46	0.38;0.56	<0.001	0.48	0.39;0.58	<0.001
Dyspnea	Yes	3.98	3.34;4.75	<0.001	4.20	3.44;5.12	<0.001
Headache	Yes	0.46	0.37;0.58	<0.001	0.70	0.55;0.89	0.002
Myalgia	Yes	0.53	0.38;0.74	<0.001	0.79	0.56;1.11	0.189
Hyposmia/anosmia/hypogeusia	Yes	0.34	0.16;0.71	0.002	0.67	0.31;1.42	0.266
Runny nose	Yes	0.51	0.32;0.81	0.005	0.76	0.47;1.23	0.331
Multimorbidity	Yes	4.91	3.92;6.16	<0.001	2.23	1.77;2.81	<0.001
Heart disease^f	Yes	1.93	1.36;2.75	0.004	1.54	1.04;2.29	0.030
Diabetes mellitus ^f	Yes	2,69	1,82;3.99	<0.001	1.66	1.07;2.59	0.029
Chronic kidney disease^f	Yes	3.15	1.57;6.34	0.009	1.89	0.91;3.92	0.111

Brasil