Driving after alcohol consumption among residents of Northeastern Brazil: National Health Survey 2019

Gomes, Renata da Silva; Andrade, Amanda Cristina de Souza; Bezerra, Vanessa Moraes

doi:10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2024455.en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 33 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2024455.en linkcopy

Driving after alcohol consumption among residents of Northeastern Brazil: National Health Survey 2019

Conducción de vehículos después de consumir bebidas alcohólicas en residentes del Nordeste de Brasil: Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2019

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective To estimate the prevalence of factors associated with drinking and driving in Northeastern Brazil.

Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted with participants from the 2019 National Health Survey, aged ≥ 18 years; the analysis of the association between sociodemographic variables and the outcome, stratified by sex, was performed using Poisson regression.

Results The prevalence of drinking and driving was 21.0% ( 95%CI 19.9;23.2), with 24.6% ( 95%CI 22.7;26.5), in males and 10.1 % ( 95%CI 7.9;12.7), in females (p-value < 0.001); among men, younger age groups (PR = 1.70 – 95%CI 1.29;2.24), higher household income (PR = 1.74 – 95%CI 1.33;2.28), rural residence (PR = 1.48 – 95%CI 1.26;1.74) and motorcycle riding (PR = 1.29 – 95%CI 1.05;1.58) were associated with the event, while no association was observed among women.

Conclusion Prevalence of drinking and driving was high in the Northeast region, especially among the male population; preventive measures targeting this group and intensified enforcement are necessary.

Keywords
Traffic Accidents; Cross-sectional Studies; Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages; Health Risk Behaviors; Epidemiological Surveys

Study contributions

Main results The prevalence of drinking and driving was high, significantly greater in males when compared to females; positive associations between sociodemographic variables and the event were observed only in the male population.

Implications for services Intersectoral actions, involving health services and regulatory bodies, are essential to reduce the habit of drinking and driving, especially among males, in addition to promoting a safer road environment in the Northeast region.

Perspectives It is necessary to strengthen enforcement measures for alcohol consumption and driving, especially in rural areas and among motorcycle riders, in addition to implementing traffic education programs and awareness campaigns.

Variable	Male (n = 4,984)			Female (n = 1,355)
Variable	Total (%)	Drinking and driving (%)	p-value ^a	Total (%)	Drinking and driving (%)	p-value ^a
Age range (years)
≥ 60	8.2	17.8	0.001	5.6	6.9	0.498
35-59	49.3	22.2		43.9	9.2
18-34	42.5	28.5		50.5	11.1
Race/skin color
Black	73.8	24.4	0.738	66.9	11.4	0.093
White	26.2	25.1		33.1	7.6
Marital status
With a partner	38.5	22.3	0.045	29.5	7.5	0.112
Without a partner	61.5	26.0		70.5	11.1
Education level
Higher education	17.6	23.9	0.761	42.4	9.0	0.536
High school	37.4	23.6		39.2	11.2
Elementary education	39.8	25.4		17.3	10.5
Uneducated	5.2	26.9		1.2	2.4
Per capita household income (in minimum wages)
≤ ½	36.7	22.6	0.484	29.9	12.7	0.366
> ½ to 1	28.5	25.7		24.3	8.8
> 1 to 2	19.5	25.6		18.6	7.1
> 2	15.3	25.7		27.2	10.3
Place of residence
Urban area	73.7	22.5	< 0.001	81.6	9.0	0.112
Rural area	26.3	30.3		18.4	14.7
Drive a car
No	34.4	26.2	0.189	45.9	10.5	0.725
Yes	65.6	23.7		54.1	9.7
Ride a motorcycle
No	24.3	19.9	0.004	39.6	8.4	0.262
Yes	75.7	26.1		60.4	11.1

Variable	Crude PR^a (95%CI ^b)	p-value^c	Adjusted PR^a (95%CI ^b)	p-value^c
Age range (years)
≥ 60	1.00		1.00
35-59	1.25 (0.96;1.63)	0.101	1.34 (1.02;1.74)	0.032
18-34	1.60 (1.22;2.11)	0.001	1.70 (1.29;2.24)	< 0.001
Race/skin color
Black	1.00
White	1.03 (0.89;1.87)	0.738	–	–
Marital status
With a partner	1.00
Without a partner	1.16 (1.01;1.35)	0.045	–	–
Education level
Higher education	1.00
High school	0.98 (0.80;1.21)	0.887	–	–
Elementary education	1.06 (0.86;1.32)	0.575	–	–
Uneducated	1.12 (0.79;1.60)	0.517	–	–
Per capita household income (in minimum wages)
≤ ½	1.00		1.00
> ½ to 1	1.14 (0.94;1.37)	0.188	1.33 (1.10;1.61)	0.003
> 1 to 2	1.31 (0.92;1.40)	0.250	1.45 (1.17;1.79)	0.001
> 2	1.13 (0.90;1.42)	0.280	1.74 (1.33;2.28)	< 0.001
Place of residence
Urban area	1.00		1.00
Rural area	1.34 (1.49;1.57)	< 0.001	1.48 (1.26;1.74)	< 0.001
Drive a car
No	1.00
Yes	0.91 (0.78;1.05)	0.189	–	–
Ride a motorcycle
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.31 (1.09;1.57)	0.004	1.29 (1.05;1.58)	0.015

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