The COVID-19 Pandemic and changes in adult Brazilian lifestyles: a cross-sectional study, 2020

Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann; Barros, Marilisa Berti de Azevedo; Gomes, Crizian Saar; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Souza Júnior, Paulo Roberto Borges de; Romero, Dalia Elena; Lima, Margareth Guimaraes; Damacena, Giseli Nogueira; Pina, Maria de Fátima; Freitas, Maria Imaculada de Fátima; Werneck, André Oliveira; Silva, Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da; Azevedo, Luiz Otávio; Gracie, Renata

doi:10.1590/S1679-49742020000400026

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Original article • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 29 (4) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742020000400026 linkcopy

The COVID-19 Pandemic and changes in adult Brazilian lifestyles: a cross-sectional study, 2020

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective To describe lifestyle changes with regard to consumption of tobacco and alcohol, food intake and physical activity, in the period of social restriction resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil with data from the ConVid online health behavior survey. The data were collected via an online questionnaire answered by the survey participants. Post-stratification procedures were used to calculate prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals.

Results 45,161 individuals aged 18 years or more participated. During the period of social restriction participants reported a decrease in practicing physical activity and an increase in time spent using computers or tablets or watching TV, intake of ultra-processed foods, number of cigarettes smoked and alcoholic beverage consumption. Differences were observed according to sex and age group.

Conclusion The results indicate a worsening of lifestyles and an increase in health risk behaviors.

Quarantine; Coronavirus Infections; Risk Factors; Life Style; Cross-Sectional Studies

Variables	Current smoker	Change in number of cigarettes consumed per day

		Reduced	Remained the same	Increase of 5 cigarettes or less	Increase of around 10 cigarettes	Increase of 20 cigarettes or more

	% (95%CI)ª	% (95%CI)ª	% (95%CI)ª	% (95%CI)ª	% (95%CI)ª	% (95%CI)ª
Total	12.0 (11.1;12.9)	12.1 (9.7;14.9)	53.9 (50.0;57.8)	6.4 (4.3;9.4)	22.5 (19.6;25.7)	5.1 (3.4;7.7)
Sex
Male	13.8 (12.3;15.5)	11.9 (8.6;16.3)	57.9 (51.8;63.8)	8.4 (4.9;14.1)	16.8 (13.3;21.0)	5.0 (2.7;8.8)
Female	10.4 (9.5;11.4)	12.3 (9.2;16.0)	49.4 (44.6;54.1)	4.1 (2.9;5.7)	28.9 (24.7;33.6)	5.3 (2.9;9.54)
Age group (years)
18-29	8.7 (7.3;10.4)	13.7 (9.6;19.2)	50. 2 (40.7;59.6)	15.7 (8.2;28.0)	17.0 (12.0;23.5)	3.4 (1.8;6.2)
30-39	13.1 (11.1;15.5)	12.7 (7.3;21.1)	49.3 (40.7;57.9)	6.6 (3.4;12.5)	21.6 (16.0;28.6)	9.8 (4.3;20.6)
40-49	12.5 (10.5;14.8)	9.3 (4.9;17.0)	57.7 (48.6;66.3)	7.1 (3.4;14.4)	20.9 (15.0;28.4)	5.0 (2.4;10.0)
50-59	14.1 (12.3;16.3)	13.9 (9.0;20.9)	56.6 (49.1;63.7)	1.1 (0.6;1.93)	23.5 (18.3;29.5)	4.9 (2.5;9.3)
≥60	12.7 (10.7;15.0)	10.7 (6.8;16.4)	56.3 (47.6;57.8)	2.6 (0.6;1.93)	28.6 (21.1;37.3)	1.8 (0.8;4.4)

Variables	Higher alcoholic beverage intake during the pandemic

	% (95%CI)ª
Total	17.6 (16.4;18.9)
Sex
Male	18.1 (16.0;20.4)
Female	17.1 (15.9;18.5)
Age group (years)
18-29	18.6 (16.4;21.0)
30-39	24.6 (21.2;28.3)
40-49	16.9 (14.3;19.9)
50-59	15.2 (12.9;17.7)
≥60	11.2 (8.8;14.2)

Variables	Before the pandemic	During the pandemic

	% (95%CI)ª	% (95%CI)ª
Total
Regular consumption of greens and vegetables	37.3 (35.9;38.6)	33.0 (31.7;34.3)
Regular consumption of fruit	32.8 (31.5;34.2)	31.9 (30.6;33.3)
Regular consumption of beans	43.3 (41.8;44.7)	40.9 (39.4;42.3)
Frozen food more than 2 days	10.0 (8.9;11.2)	14.6 (13.5;15.9)
Savory snacks more than 2 days	9.5 (8.6;10.5)	13.2 (12.2;14.3)
Chocolate/sweet biscuits/pieces of tart more than two days	41.3 (39.8;42.7)	47.1 (45.6;48.6)
Male
Regular consumption of greens and vegetables	33.3 (31.1;35.6)	28.6 (26.5;38.3)
Regular consumption of fruit	28.3 (26.1;30.6)	27.1 (24.9;29.4)
Regular consumption of beans	47.0 (44.5;49.6)	44.3 (41.8;46.8)
Frozen food more than 2 days	12.4 (10.4;14.7)	17.0 (14.8;19.5)
Savory snacks more than 2 days	10.0 (8.4;11.9)	14.2 (12.3;16.4)
Chocolate/sweet biscuits/pieces of tart more than two days	40.6 (38.1;43.1)	45.1 (42.6;47.6)
Female
Regular consumption of greens and vegetables	40.7 (39.2;42.1)	36.8 (35.3;38.3)
Regular consumption of fruit	36.8 (35.3;38.3)	36.1 (34.5;37.7)
Regular consumption of beans	39.9 (38.4;41.5)	37.9 (36.4;39.5)
Frozen food more than 2 days	7.9 (7.1;8.7)	12.6 (11.7;13.5)
Savory snacks more than 2 days	9.0 (8.2;9.9)	12.4 (11.6;13.3)
Chocolate/sweet biscuits/pieces of tart more than two days	41.8 (40.3;43.4)	48.8 (47.2;50.4)
Age group (years)
18-29
Regular consumption of greens and vegetables	29.8 (27.6;32.0)	27.8 (25.7;30.0)
Regular consumption of fruit	21.8 (19.8;24.1)	20.6 (18.5;22.8)
Regular consumption of beans	49.1 (46. 4;51.7)	45.3 (42.7;48.1)
Frozen food more than 2 days	12.7 (10.4;15.3)	20.5 (18.1;23.2)
Savory snacks more than 2 days	14.6 (13.0;16.4)	21.8 (19.5;24.3)
Chocolate/sweet biscuits/pieces of tart more than two days	54.2 (51.6;56.8)	63.0 (60.3;65.6)
30-39
Regular consumption of greens and vegetables	31.9 (28.7;35.3)	26.1 (23.3;29.1)
Regular consumption of fruit	24.9 (21.9;28.0)	23.5 (20.7;26.7)
Regular consumption of beans	41.1 (37.6;44.6)	38.5 (38.5;42.0)
Frozen food more than 2 days	12.4 (9.6;15.7)	18.2 (15.3;21.6)
Savory snacks more than 2 days	12.3 (9.8;15.3)	16.1 (13.7;18.9)
Chocolate/sweet biscuits/pieces of tart more than two days	41.9 (38.6;45.2)	49.4 (45.8;52.9)
40-49
Regular consumption of greens and vegetables	36.8 (33.7;40.1)	32.1 (29.1;35.2)
Regular consumption of fruit	29.2 (26.1;32.4)	29.5 (26.4;32.9)
Regular consumption of beans	42.6 (39.2;46.1)	41.5 (38.1;45.0)
Frozen food more than 2 days	9.7 (7.2;12.8)	13.4 (10.8;16.6)
Savory snacks more than 2 days	8.6 (6.5;11.3)	12.3 (9.9;15.0)
Chocolate/sweet biscuits/pieces of tart more than two days	37.8 (34.5;41.3)	42.4 (38.9;45.9)
50-59
Regular consumption of greens and vegetables	45.0 (41.9;48.1)	39.4 (36.4;42.4)
Regular consumption of fruit	39.4 (36.5;42.5)	38.4 (35.4;41.4)
Regular consumption of beans	40.6 (37.5;43.7)	37.7 (34.7;40.8)
Frozen food more than 2 days	7.6 (6.2;9.3)	10.2 (8.5;12.1)
Savory snacks more than 2 days	5.9 (4.2;8.2)	7.5 (5.8;9.7)
Chocolate/sweet biscuits/pieces of tart more than two days	34.5 (31.7;37.5)	39.8 (36.9;42.8)
60 or over
Regular consumption of greens and vegetables	46.2 (42.8;49.5)	42.5 (39.2;45.8)
Regular consumption of fruit	52.6 (49.1;56.0)	51.5 (48.0;55.0)
Regular consumption of beans	41.0 (37.7;44.5)	39.8 (36.4;43.4)
Frozen food more than 2 days	6.2 (4.8;7.9)	7.4 (5.5;9.8)
Savory snacks more than 2 days	2.8 (2.2;3.7)	3.4 (2.7;4.4)
Chocolate/sweet biscuits/pieces of tart more than two days	32.7 (29.6;36.0)	34.0 (30.9;37.2)

Variables	Sufficient physical activity before the pandemic	Sufficient physical activity during the pandemic

	% (95%CI)ª	% (95%CI)ª
Total	30.1 (28.9;31.5)	12.0 (11.1;12.9)
Sex
Male	33.0 (30.7;35.5)	14.0 (12.4;15.8)
Female	27.6 (26.2;29.0)	10.3 (9.4; 11.2)
Age group (years)
18-29	32.6 (30.2;35.1)	10.9 (9.6;12.5)
30-39	31.0 (27.7;34.5)	10.6 (8.8;12.7)
40-49	27.1 (24.3;30.1)	11.6 (9.6;14.1)
50-59	28.2 (25.6;31.0)	13.2 (11.3;15.4)
≥60	30.4 (27.2;33.8)	14.2 (11.9;16.9)

Variables	Average time spent using computer or tablet (hours)		Average spent watching TV (hours)

	Before	After	Before	After

	Average (95%CI)ª	Average (95%CI)ª	Average (95%CI)ª	Average (95%CI)ª
Total	3.81 (3.71;3.92)	5.30 (5.17;5.43)	1.85 (1.80;1.90)	3.31 (3.24;3.38)
Sex
Male	4.36 (4.18;4.53)	5.91 (5.69;6.13)	1.88 (1.79;1.96)	3.17 (3.05;3.29)
Female	3.34 (3.24;3.45)	4.76 (4.62;4.90)	1.80 (1.78;1.89)	3.44 (3.36;3.52)
Age group (years)
18-29	4.48 (4.29;4.67)	7.22 (6.97;7.47)	1.14 (1.07;1.20)	2.83 (2.71;2.96)
30-39	4.22 (3.98;4.46)	5.65 (5.35;5.95)	1.72 (1.60;1.83)	3.38 (3.21;3.55)
40-49	3.84 (3.60;4.09)	5.05 (4.76;5.33)	1.92 (1.81;2.04)	3.51 (3.34;3.68)
50-59	3.42 (3.20;3.65)	4.22 (3.99;4.45)	2.19 (2.08;2.30)	3.44 (3.29;3.60)
≥60	2.85 (2.63;3.07)	3.65 (3.38;3.91)	2.53 (2.40;2.66)	3.54 (3.39;3.69)

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[TFN1001] a) 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.