Counseling by health professionals and healthy behaviors among the elderly: population-based study in Pelotas, South of Brazil, 2014

Flores, Thaynã Ramos; Gomes, Ana Paula; Soares, Ana Luiza Gonçalves; Nunes, Bruno Pereira; Assunção, Maria Cecília Formoso; Gonçalves, Helen; Bertoldi, Andréa Dâmaso

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Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 27 (1) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742018000100012 copy

Counseling by health professionals and healthy behaviors among the elderly: population-based study in Pelotas, South of Brazil, 2014^* * This article was based on two Masters’ thesis by Thaynã Ramos Flores and Ana Luiza Gonçalves Soares, defended in November 2014 to the Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology of the Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Financing: Program of Academic Excellence (PROEX) of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS).

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to analyze the association between counseling by health care professionals and healthy behaviors among the elderly.

Methods:

population-based, cross-sectional study with elderly individuals (≥60 years) interviewed in 2014; Poisson regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of associations between counseling by health professionals on the reduction of salt, sugar and fat and on the practice of physical activity during the year previous to the interview and healthy behaviors.

Results:

1,281 elderly individuals were interviewed; after adjustments, the elderly who mentioned receiving counseling by health professionals reported reduction in the intake of salt (PR 1.64; 95%CI 1.41;1.91), sugar and sweets (PR 1.21; 95%CI 1.08;1.36) and greater practice of physical activity (PR 1.21; 95%CI 1.06;1.39), when compared to the elderly who had not received any counseling.

Conclusion:

the counseling carried out by health professionals seems to favor the practice of healthy habits among elderly individuals.

Keywords:
Health Behavior; Health of the Elderly; Cross-sectional Studies; Counseling; Life Style

Variable	n (%)	95%IC^a
Sex
Male	459 (35.8)	33.2;38.5
Female	822 (64.2)	61.5;66.8
Age (in complete years)
60-69	655 (51.3)	48.5;54.0
70-79	413 (32.3)	29.7;34.9
≥80	210 (16.4)	14.4;18.5
Skin color
White	1079 (84.4)	82.4;86.4
Other ^b	200 (15.6)	13.6;17.6
Marital status
Married/has a partner	688 (53.7)	51.1;56.5
Single	75 (5.9)	4.6;7.2
Divorced	111 (8.7)	7.1;10.2
Widowed	405 (31.7)	29.1;34.2
Economic Classification ^c
A/B	483 (37.2)	34.4;40.0
C	720 (51.7)	48.9;54.6
D/E	169 (11.1)	9.3;12.8
Arterial Hypertension
No	406 (31.8)	29.2;34.3
Yes	872 (68.2)	65.7;70.8
Diabetes mellitus
No	960 (75.1)	72.7;77.5
Yes	318 (24.9)	22.5;27.3
High cholesterol
No	723 (56.6)	53.9;59.3
Yes	554 (43.4)	40.7;46.1
Number of visits
1	184 (14.4)	12.3;16.5
2	239 (18.7)	16.5;20.8
≥3	857 (66.9)	64.2;69.7
Type of financing
Private/ health insurance	812 (63.4)	58.8;68.0
SUS	468 (36.6)	32.0;41.2
Health care professionals’ guidance
Salt reduction	788 (61.5)	58.8;64.2
Sugar and sweets reduction	640 (50.0)	47.2;52.7
Fat reduction	790 (61.7)	59.0;64.3
Physical activity	745 (58.2)	55.4;60.9

Guidance	%	Healthy Behaviors^a
		Crude Analysis		Adjusted analysis^b
		PR ^c (95%CI)	Valor-p ^d	PR^c (95%CI^e )	p-value ^d
Reduction of salt intake			<0.001		<0.001
No	39.3	1.00		1.00
Yes	68.4	1.74 (1.52;2.00)		1.63 (1.40;1.90)
Reduction of sugar and sweets intake			<0.001		0.002
No	44.9	1.00		1.00
Yes	58.4	1.30 (1.17;1.44)		1.21 (1.07;1.36)
Reduction of fat intake			0.411		0.946
No	91.3	1.00		1.00
Yes	92.6	1.01 (0.98;1.05)		1.00 (0.96;1.04)
Physical activity			0.005		0.020
No	35.7	1.00		1.00
Yes	43.4	1.21 (1.06;1.39)		1.18 (1.02;1.36)

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Thaynã Ramos Flores - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Rua Marechal Deodoro, No.1.160, Bairro Centro - Pelotas, RS CEP: 96020-220 E-mail: floresrthayna@gmail.com