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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 33 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231441.en linkcopiar

Prevalencia y factores asociados a la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal de adolescentes escolares: Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar, 2019

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo Evaluar la prevalencia y analizar factores asociados a la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal en adolescentes brasileños.

Métodos Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar (PeNSE) de 2019. La prevalencia de insatisfacción autorelatada con la imagen corporal y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) y su asociación con las características individuales se estimaron mediante el odds ratio (OR) y el IC95% mediante regresión logística.

Resultados De los 159.245 estudiantes, el 30,2% (IC₉₅% 29,2;31,1) refirió insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y se asoció con todos los factores analizados. La probabilidad de insatisfacción fue mayor entre el sexo femenino (OR = 3,86; IC₉₅% 3,45;4,32), tener internet en casa (OR = 8,68; IC₉₅% 6,83;11,03), creer que nadie se preocupa por ellos (OR = 3,02; IC₉₅% 2,60;3,50), que la vida no vale la pena (OR = 3,27; IC₉₅% 2,88;3,72) y sentirse irritado (OR = 2,87; IC₉₅% 2,53;3,26).

Conclusión La insatisfacción con la imagen corporal se asoció con varios factores y requiere un enfoque intersectorial.

Palabras clave
Adolescente; Imagen Corporal; Salud; Instituciones Académicas; Estudios Transversales

Variables	n (%)
Sociodemographic characteristics
Sex
Male	78,011 (49.7)
Female	80,788 (50.3)
Region
North	35,792 (10.2)
Northeast	55,657 (27.7)
Southeast	28,377 (37.1)
South	17,192 (13.5)
Midwest	22,227 (11.5)
Age
Under 13 years	25,642 (6.6)
13-15 years	82,389 (37.1)
16-17 years	42,509 (49.3)
18 years or over	8,276 (7.0)
Lives with mother
Yes	141,468 (84.7)
No	17,687 (15.3)
Number of people in household
≤ 4 people	105,667 (71.5)
> 4 people	53,450 (28.5)
Internet access at home
Yes	144,380 (92.5)
No	14,796 (7.5)

Variables	Satisfaction with body image
Variables	Yes (%)^a	No (%)^a	Crude OR (95%CI)^b
Sociodemographic characteristics
Sex ^c
Male	56,344 (84.5)	11,365 (15.5)	1.00
Female	44,993 (55.1)	26,430 (44.9)	4.45 (4.14;4.79)
Age ^c
≤ 15 years	70,524 (74.4)	24,164 (25.6)	1.00
> 15 years	30,810 (66.4)	13,642 (33.6)	1.41 (1.31;1.52)
Lives with mother ^c
Yes	90,632 (73.6)	33,354 (26.4)	1.00
No	10,947 (49.7)	4,532 (50.3)	2.83 (2.64;3.03)
Number of people in household ^c
≤ 4 people	65,706 (65.5)	26,596 (34.5)	1.00
> 4 people	35,854 (80.8)	11,286 (19.2)	0.47 (0.43;0.52)
Internet access at home ^c
Yes	90,790 (68.1)	35,563 (31.9)	4.10 (3.33;5.04)
No	10,797 (89.6)	2,329 (10.4)	1.00
Eating behavior
Frequency of having breakfast ^c
≤ 4 days	34,324 (61.4)	19,483 (38.6)	2.15 (1.98;2.33)
> 4 days	67,271 (77.6)	18,407 (22.4)	1.00
Has lunch/dinner with guardian ^c
≤ 4 days	27,343 (60.7)	16,747 (39.3)	1.78 (1.66;1.91)
> 4 days	74,230 (73.5)	21,140 (26.5)	1.00
Frequency of eating while doing other activities ^c
≤ 4 days	49,204 (76.3)	15,462 (23.7)	1.00
> 4 days	52,318 (63.7)	22,420 (36.3)	1.81 (1.63;1.94)
Level of physical activity ^c
Inactive	69,987 (67.8)	29,513 (32.2)	1.57 (1.47;1.67)
Active	30,564 (76.2)	8,092 (23.8)	1.00
Mental health
Frequency of feeling worried about everyday activities, such as school activities, sports competitions, homework etc. ^c
Never or rarely	51,443 (77.3)	11,494 (22.7)	1.00
Almost always or always	49,893 (62.3)	26,349 (37.7)	2.04 (1.93;2.15)
Frequency of thinking that no one cares about them ^c
Never or rarely	81,985 (81.4)	19,256 (18.6)
Never or rarely	81,985 (81.4)	19,256 (18.6)	1.00
Almost always or always	19,384 (42.4)	18,595 (57.6)	6.07 (5.71;6.46)
Frequency of feeling irritated ^c
Never or rarely	69,628 (84.9)	14,587 (15.1)
Never or rarely	69,628 (84.9)	14,587 (15.1)	1.00
Almost always or always	31,762 (49.0)	23,274 (51.0)	5.88 (5.41;6.40)
Frequency of thinking that life is not worth it ^c
Never or rarely	89,624 (78.1)	23,317 (21.9)	1.00
Almost always or always	11,653 (26.2)	14,520 (73.8)	10.04 (9.21;10.93)

Variáveis	Odds ratio ajustada (IC_95%)^a
Sociodemographic characteristics
Sex
Male	1.00
Female	3.86 (3.45;4.32)
Age
≤ 15 years	1.00
> 15 years	1.43 (1.28;1.60)
Lives with mother
Yes	1.00
No	1.87 (1.65;2.13)
Number of people in household
≤ 4 people	1.00
> 4 people	0.48 (0.42;0.54)
Internet access at home
Yes	8.68 (6.83;11.03)
No	1.00
Eating behavior
Frequency of having breakfast
≤ 4 days	1.96 (1.69;2.27)
> 4 days	1.00
Has lunch/dinner with guardian
≤ 4 days	1.63 (1.44;1.84)
> 4 days	1.00
Frequency of eating while doing other activities
≤ 4 days	1.00
> 4 days	1.56 (1.42;1.71)
Level of physical activity
Inactive	1.82 (1.56;2.12)
Active	1.00
Mental health
Frequency of feeling worried about everyday activities, such as school activities, sports competitions, homework etc.
Never or rarely	1.00
Almost always or always	1.07 (0.99;1.17)
Frequency of thinking that no one cares about them
Never or rarely	1.00
Almost always or always	3.02 (2.60;3.50)
Frequency of feeling irritated
Never or rarely	1.00
Almost always or always	2.87 (2.53;3.26)
Frequency of thinking that life is not worth it
Never or rarely	1.00
Almost always or always	3.27 (2.88;3.72)

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