Use of personal protective equipment to care for patients with COVID-19: scoping review

Garcia, Gracielle Pereira Aires; Fracarolli, Isabela Fernanda Larios; Santos, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos; Souza, Virgínia Ramos dos Santos; Cenzi, Camila Maria; Marziale, Maria Helena Palucci

doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200150

person Gracielle Pereira Aires Garcia

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem Fundamental. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.

0000-0002-0406-3063

person Isabela Fernanda Larios Fracarolli

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem Fundamental. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.

0000-0003-3180-328X

person Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos Santos

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem Fundamental. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.

0000-0001-5232-5876

person Virgínia Ramos dos Santos Souza

schoolUniversidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Escola de Enfermagem. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.

0000-0003-4246-4332

person Camila Maria Cenzi

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Faculdade de Enfermagem. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil.

0000-0003-3277-2972

person Maria Helena Palucci Marziale

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem Fundamental. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.

0000-0003-2790-3333

personCorresponding author: Gracielle Pereira Aires Garcia Email:
gracielleaires@gmail.com

groupsAuthorship contribution

Conceptualization: Gracielle Pereira Aires Garcia, Maria Helena Palucci Marziale Data curation: Isabela Fernanda Larios Fracarolli, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos Santos, Gracielle Pereira Aires Garcia Formal analysis: Maria Helena Palucci Marziale Investigation: Gracielle Pereira Aires Garcia, Isabela Fernanda Larios Fracarolli, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos Santos, Virgínia Ramos dos Santos Souza, Camila Maria Cenzi Methodology: Isabela Fernanda Larios Fracarolli, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos Santos, Gracielle Pereira Aires Garcia Supervision: Maria Helena Palucci Marziale Writing-original draft: Gracielle Pereira Aires Garcia, Isabela Fernanda Larios Fracarolli, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos Santos, Virgínia Ramos dos Santos Souza, Camila Maria Cenzi, Maria Helena Palucci Marziale Writing-review & editing: Gracielle Pereira Aires Garcia, Isabela Fernanda Larios Fracarolli, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos Santos, Virgínia Ramos dos Santos Souza, Camila Maria Cenzi, Maria Helena Palucci Marziale

Associate editor

Dagmar Elaine Kaiser

Editor-in-chief

Maria da Graça Oliveira Crossetti

Recommendations regarding the use of PPE
Authors/year	WHO	CDC	Others
Shapiro SE, McCauley LA²¹ 2004	Standard precautions, of contact and respiratory when treating suspected SARS customers. N95 adjusted and not reused. Use of surgical masks to limit transmission. Eye protection and hand hygiene before and after contact with the patient.
Thorne CD, Khozin S²² 2004	Hand hygiene, wearing a cloak, gloves, adjusted N95 and eye protection. PPE standardization requires training. In case of aerosol generation, it requires a higher level of respiratory protection, such as hoods or fitted face pieces.
Chia SE, et al.²³ 2005			The Singapore Ministry of Health manual recommends hand hygiene and the use of PPE. The recommended PPE are: N95, glasses/face shields, cloak (long sleeve) and disposable gloves.
Yen MY, et al.²⁴ 2006	N95, eye protection, cloak, and latex gloves.		Taiwan's Department of Health also advises a second layer of outer gloves, apron, head, and foot cover.
Suwantarat N, Apisarnthanarak, A²⁵ 2015	Reinforce the use of N95. Training is a key component of using PPE.
Weber DJ, et al.²⁶ 2016	Basic individual training on equipping and unequipping PPE, with an explicit written list of all stages of equipping and unequipping.
Butt TS, et al.²⁷ 2016	Hand hygiene, environment, and equipment cleaning, use of PPE, such as respirators with high-efficiency particulate (for example, N95).
Kim CJ, et al.²⁸ 2016		N95 or powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), isolation suit (coveralls), goggles or face shield and gloves.
Alraddadi BM, et al.²⁹ 2016			Use of N95 by professionals in close contact with infected patient.
Maestre NMA, et al.³⁰ 2017			Action measures before a patient's admission. Workers are registered, monitored and trained on the agent's risks, use of appropriate PPE and the protocol implementation for different situations in which the use of PPE is necessary.
Al-Tawfiq JA, et al.³¹ 2018		Cloak, gloves, head cover (hood) and N95, hand hygiene, PPE equipping and unequipping.
Saud HA, et al.³² 2018	Preventive measures with protection of the nose, eyes, and any other places from which the medical team can contract the disease.

Recommendations regarding the use of PPE
Authors/Year	WHO	CDC	Others
Jones RM, et al.³³ 2020	Eye and face protection, head, and hair protection. Equipment includes: headbands, caps, surgical head covers and surgical helmets or hoods. Gloves are the main hand protection devices.
Huh S³⁴ 2020			Double gloves and protective clothing for the whole body, including shoes, KF94 equivalent mask and gloves (add safety glasses or face shield if necessary).
Wang H, Wang S, Yu K ³⁵ 2020			Training protocols on the use of masks, goggles, waterproof clothing and face shields.
Houghton C, et al.³⁶ 2020	PPE (cloaks, gloves, masks, goggles) and hand hygiene.
Verbeek JH, et al.³⁷ 2020		Gloves, masks, goggles or face shields, long-sleeve cloaks and N95.
Ferioli M, et al.³⁸ 2020	N95, glasses or face shield, long-sleeve water-resistant cloak and gloves. The use of N95 for a longer period is indicated in order to rationalize its use.	Respirator to be used (FFP2 European standard), when in contact with suspected and confirmed patients and in procedures with aerosol generation.	Use of the FFP2 respirator and bath after removing the PPE, disinfecting the ears and mouth.
Kowalski LPMD, et al.³⁹ 2020			Guides on operating room with a negative pressure environment, ventilation system with a high efficiency particulate air filter. Use the coveralls with apron and goggles with face shield.
Zelaya S, et al.⁴⁰ 2020			N95 or similar, PAPR, glove, cloak with long, disposable sleeves, in some cases recommends the use of protective clothing including sneakers, safety glasses or face shield.
Brazil⁴¹ 2020			Mask, apron, glasses and gloves; wear a surgical mask to assist the user with respiratory symptom. N95/FFP2 is indicated in procedures that can generate aerosols.
Paraguay⁴² 2020			Use of surgical mask, waterproof cloaks. The coveralls should be used according to the exposure risk category. The use of glasses and face shields when there is a risk of contact with secretions, in addition to N95 or similar. Reuse is not recommended, except in extreme needs.
Gallasch CH, et al.⁴³ 2020			Recommends hand hygiene, use of goggles or face shield, surgical mask, waterproof apron and procedure gloves. The use of a cap and N95 or FFP2 are indicated during the performance of aerosol-generating procedures.

[TFN1] Source: Research data, 2020.

Use of personal protective equipment to care for patients with COVID-19: scoping review

Uso de equipo de protección personal para el cuidado de pacientes con COVID-19: revisión del alcance

ABSTRACT