Use of instruments to evaluate leadership in nursing and health services

Carrara, Gisleangela Lima Rodrigues; Bernardes, Andrea; Balsanelli, Alexandre Pazetto; Camelo, Silvia Helena Henriques; Gabriel, Carmen Silvia; Zanetti, Ariane Cristina Barboza

doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2017.03.2016-0060

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Integrative Review • Rev. Gaúcha Enferm. (Online) 38 (3) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.03.2016-0060 linkcopy

Use of instruments to evaluate leadership in nursing and health services

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective To identify the available scientific evidence about the use of instruments for the evaluation of leadership in health and nursing services and verify the use of leadership styles/models/theories in the construction of these tools.

Method Integrative literature review of indexed studies in the LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL and EMBASE databases from 2006 to 2016.

Results Thirty-eight articles were analyzed, exhibiting 19 leadership evaluation tools; the most used were the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, the Global Transformational Leadership Scale, the Leadership Practices Inventory, the Servant Leadership Questionnaire, the Servant Leadership Survey and the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire.

Conclusions The literature search allowed to identify the main theories/styles/models of contemporary leadership and analyze their use in the design of leadership evaluation tools, with the transformational, situational, servant and authentic leadership categories standing out as the most prominent. To a lesser extent, the quantum, charismatic and clinical leadership types were evidenced.

Keywords
Leadership; Health services; Nursing

Instruments Leadership style/model/theory	Authors, Year/Country
Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI)/Transformational leadership	Martin et al., 2012/Switzerland⁽²¹⁾
	Foli et al., 2014/USA⁽²²⁾
	Leggat, SG, Balding C, Schiftan D, 2015/Australia⁽²³⁾
	Fealy et al., 2015/Ireland⁽²⁴⁾
	Patrick et al., 2011/Canada⁽²⁵⁾
	Apekey et al., 2011/England⁽²⁶⁾
Clinical Leadership Survey/Clinical and transformational leadership	Patrick et al., 2011/Canada⁽²⁵⁾
MLQ-5X/Transformational and transactional leadership	Horwitz et al., 2008/USA⁽²⁷⁾
	Aarons GA, 2008/USA⁽²⁸⁾
	Kanste, O, Miettunen J, Kynga SH, 2007/Finland⁽²⁹⁾
	Deschamps et al., 2016/Canada⁽³⁰⁾
	Edwards et al., 2014/USA⁽³¹⁾
	Mogolon SMR, Gonzalez MA, 2010/Colombia⁽³²⁾
	Fonseca AMO, Porto JB, 2013/Brazil⁽³³⁾
	Chen HC, Baron M, 2006/China⁽³⁴⁾
	Ghorbanian A, Bahadori M, Nejati M, 2015/Iran⁽³⁵⁾
	Ebrahimzade et al., 2015/Iran⁽³⁶⁾
	Pucheu A, 2010/Chile⁽³⁷⁾
Quantum/Quantum leadership	Dargahi H, 2013/Iran⁽³⁸⁾
Survey of Transformational Leadership (STL)/ Transformational and transactional leadership	Edwards et al., 2014/USA⁽³¹⁾
Charismatic Leadership Socialized Scale/ Charismatic leadership	Chavaglia et al., 2013/Brazil⁽³⁹⁾
Transformational Leadership Inventory (TLI)/ Transformational and transactional leadership	Fonseca AMO, Porto JB, 2013/Brazil⁽³³⁾
LRPQ/Scale of attitudes toward leadership styles/ Transformational and transactional leadership	Fonseca AMO, Porto JB, 2013/Brazil⁽³³⁾
360° Tool/Not defined	Llapa-Rodriguez et al., 2015/Brazil⁽⁴⁰⁾
Coaching/Situational leadership	Cardoso MLAP, Ramos LH, D'Innocenzo M, 2011/Brazil⁽⁴¹⁾
Coaching/Situational leadership	Cardoso MLAP, Ramos LH, D'innocenzo M, 2014/Brazil⁽⁴²⁾
*Grid Gerencial*/Not defined	Castro CB, Santos I, 2008/Brazil⁽⁴³⁾
MSF-Multisource feedback tool/ Clinical leadership	Lakshminarayana et al., 2015/England⁽⁴⁴⁾
Servant Leadership Survey (SLS)/ Servant leadership	Gunnarsdóttir S, 2014/Iceland⁽⁴⁵⁾
Servant Leadership Survey (SLS)/ Servant leadership	Hanse et al., 2016/Sweden⁽⁴⁶⁾
Leader-member Exchange (LMX)/ Not defined	Hanse et al., 2016/Sweden⁽⁴⁶⁾
Leader-member Exchange (LMX)/ Not defined	Han HG, Bai Y, 2014/USA⁽⁴⁷⁾
Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ)/Servant leadership	Garber et al., 2009/USA⁽⁴⁸⁾
Leadership Effectiveness and Adaptability Description-LEAD/Situational leadership	Silva MA, Galvão CM, 2007/Brazil⁽⁴⁹⁾
	Intaraprasong et al., 2012/Thailand⁽⁵⁰⁾
Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ)/ Authentic leadership	Wong CA, Giallonardo LM, 2013/Canada⁽⁵¹⁾
	Wong CA, Laschinger H, Cummings GG, 2010/Canada⁽⁵²⁾
	Nelson et al., 2014/Canada⁽⁵³⁾
	Read EA, Laschinger HKS, 2015/Canada⁽⁵⁴⁾
	Laschinger et al., 2015/Canada⁽⁵⁵⁾
Global Transformational Leadership Scale/ Transformational leadership	Munir F, Nielsen K, 2009/Denmark⁽⁵⁶⁾
	Nielsen et al., 2009/Denmark⁽⁵⁷⁾
	Nielsen et al., 2008/Denmark⁽⁵⁸⁾

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