| Domingos et al. (2021) [47] |
Lower arch a second molar at second molar with out of first premolars |
Silicone / Flexible epoxy resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
**American Society for Testing and Materials. D4093-95; 2001 |
Retraction mechanic |
| Meros et al. (2019) [40] |
Lower arch a second molar at second molar |
Silicone / Flexible epoxy resin |
Yes |
Yes / 72hs |
NR |
Reflection |
*Automatically analyzed by a software (OS CALC 2.0) |
Mechanical approaches to treat anterior open bite |
| Abraão et al. (2018) [41] |
Mandibular hemiarch with a missing first molar and mesial inclination of the second molar |
Silicone / Flexible epoxy resin |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
**American Society for Testing and Materials. D4093-95; 2001 |
Mandibular second molar uprighting |
| Chiang et al. (2018) [6] |
Partial mandibular 3 or 5 anterior teeth |
Silicone / Epoxy Photoelastic |
Yes |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Orthodontic methods to subside lower anterior crowding |
Schwertner et al. (2017) [42] |
Model of a maxilla with first molar and incisors |
Silicone / Epoxy resin |
Yes |
Yes / 24hs |
NR |
Reflection |
*Automatically analyzed by a software (OS CALC 2.0) |
Incisor intrusion |
Claro et al. (2014) [29] |
from second molar to canine, without the first premolar |
Silicone / Flexible epoxy resin |
Yes |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
** American Society for Testing and Materials. D4093-95; 2001 |
Dental and Skeletal anchorages in the canine retraction |
| Sobral et al. (2014) [4] |
Lower arch a second molar at second molar |
NR / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Plane |
NR |
Stress generated by wires when conventional and self-ligating brackets |
| Çehreli et al. (2013) [43] |
Plexiglas block |
Silicone / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
***Data acquisition system |
Torque and application of static lateral load on mirco implants |
Lima et al. (2011) [37] |
Model of the face |
Silicone / Epoxy resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Plane |
NR |
Maxillary expansion |
Maia et al. (2011) [7] |
Plexiglas block 2 teeth separated by a distance of 27 mm |
NR / NR |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Compare the system of forces generated by retraction T-loop springs |
| D’Attilio et al. (2007) [38] |
Parcial maxillary, Molar and pré-molar |
NR / NR |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Distalize appliance |
| Nakamura et al. (2007) [48] |
Partial mandibular, Hemiarch, central incisor at second molar |
Silicone / Epoxy resin urethane |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Mandibular molars moved distally with the skeletal anchorage system |
| Kusakabe et al. (2007) [49] |
Model of the face |
Silicone / Epoxy plastic |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Rapid palatal expansion |
| Badran et al. (2003) [33] |
Full mandibular and maxillary |
Silicone / Gelatine |
Yes |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
Kuske and Robertson (1974) |
Incisor crowding and exotic canine |
| Yoon-Josh et al. (2002) [44] |
Upper arch a second molar in buccal crossbite |
Silicone / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
****Vishay Measurements Group. Tech note (TN-702–1) |
Correction of the maxillary second molar in buccal crossbite |
| Yoon-Josh et al. (2002) [45] |
Lower arch a second molar in lingual crossbite |
Silicone / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
****Vishay Measurements Group. Tech note (TN-702–1) |
Correction of the mandibular second molar in lingual crossbite |
| Matsui et al. (2000) [50] |
Model of a maxilla without the first premolar right and left |
Silicone / Epoxy resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Center of resistance |
| Clifford et al. (1999) [34] |
Lower arch simulate curve Spee |
Silicone / Gelatine |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Lower arch simulate curve Spee |
| Shetty et al. (1994) [46] |
Model of the face |
NR / Epoxy resin |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
***** Data acquisition program |
Rapid palatal expansion |
| Stefanac et al. (1993) [5] |
Model of the face |
NR / Urethane |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Bionator |
| Chaconas et al. (1989) [39] |
Full maxilla with out of first premolars |
NR / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Retraction of the maxillary incisor when extraction of the first premolar. |
| Aird et al. (1988) [32] |
Polycarbonate Bracket |
NR / Araldite |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Root torqueing mechanics |
| Itoh et al. (1985) [28] |
Model of the face |
NR / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Orthopedic protraction forces |
| Alba et al. (1982) [27] |
Model of the face |
NR / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
High-pull chin cup traction. |
| Perez et al. (1980) [26] |
Model of the face |
Silicone / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Retraction canine with J hook |
| Alba levy et al. (1979) [22] |
Model of the face |
NR / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Intermaxillary class III force |
| Stewart et al. (1978) [35] |
Upper and lower arch |
NR / Birefringent urethane plastic |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Intermaxillary elastic traction on orthodontic tooth movement |
| Chaconas et al. (1976) [25] |
Model of the face |
Silicone / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Orthopedic forces utilizing cervical and headgear appliances |
| Alba levy et al. (1976) [36] |
Model of the face |
Silicone / Epoxy birefringent plastic |
NR |
Yes / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
|
| Baeten (1975) [21] |
Parcial maxillary |
NR / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Canine retraction |
| Brodsky et al. (1975) [23] |
Cat partial maxillary |
Silicone / Photoelastic resin |
NR |
NR / NR |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Canine retraction animal’s teeth. |
| Hayashi et al. (1975) [24] |
NR |
NR / Photoelastic resin |
Yes |
Yes / 168 hs |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Supporting bone during tooth movement |
| Caputo et al. (1974) [20] |
Partial mandibular |
NR / Photoelastic resin |
Yes |
Yes / 168 hs |
NR |
Circular |
NR |
Lower canine retraction |