Gomez et al. [88 Gomez S, Basili P, Emilson G. A 2 year clinical evaluation of sealed non cavitated approximal posterior carious lesions in adolescents. Clinical Oral Invest. 2005;9(4):239-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-005-0010-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-005-0010-...
] |
“A 2-year clinical evaluation of sealed noncavitated approximal posterior carious lesions in adolescents” |
2 |
Yes |
No |
Proximal |
The success rate after 2-3 years was 93% in the sealant group. The dentin sealant progression rate was 11/153. The results suggest that sealants may serve as a promising technique to arrest incipient proximal lesions. |
Bakhshandeh et al. [99 Bakhsshandeh A, Qvist V, Ekstrand K. Sealing occlusal caries lesions in adults referred for restorative treatment: 2-3 years of follow-up. Clin Oral Invest. 2012;16(2):521-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0549-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0549-...
] |
“Sealing occlusal caries lesions in adults referred for restorative treatment: 2-3 years of follow-up” |
3 |
Yes |
No |
Occlusal |
Of the 72 lesions, 78% had cavitation, with greater involvement in dentin. Sealants n = 38 and restorations n = 12 were functional. 7 sealants were reapplied and 3 were replaced by a restoration over a period of 4,11 and 13 months, respectively. In the sealant group, there was regression of lesion in 1 tooth and deposition of tertiary dentin in 9 teeth. |
Borges et al. [1010 Borges B, Borges J, Braz R, Montes M, Pinheiro I, De Assunção Pinheiro IV et al. Arrest of non-cavitated dentinal occlusal caries by sealing pits and fissures: a 36 month, randomised controlled clinical trial. Int Dental J. 2012;62(5):251-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.2012.00117 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.2012...
] |
“Arrest of non-cavitated dentinal occlusal caries by sealing pits and fissures: a 36-month, randomized controlled clinical trial” |
3 |
Yes |
No |
Occlusal |
After 8 months, 25/26 lesions in the control group progressed and were restored and excluded from follow-up. There were 3 progressions due to partial or total loss of sealant in the period prior to the 12-month follow-up, in the experimental group. They have hence been restored and were excluded from follow-up. There was no progression in the experimental group after 12, 24 and 36 months. There was significant statistical difference between the groups. |
Martignon et al. [1111 Martignon S, Ekstrand K, Ellwood R. Efficacy of sealing proximal early active lesions: an 18 month clinical study evaluated by conventional and subtraction radiography. Caries Res. 2006;40(5):382-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000094282 https://doi.org/10.1159/000094282...
] |
“Infiltrating/sealing proximal caries lesion: a 3-year randomized clinical trial” |
3 |
No |
Yes |
Proximal |
The infiltrant showed a low score 3 lesion progression (amelodentinal junction level) compared to Group B (Prime&Bond Adhesive sealing). Group C (placebo) had a higher lesion progression rate. There is no statistical difference between infiltration and adhesive sealing, although the infiltrant had more consistent sealing rates. |
Meyer Lueckel et al. [1212 Meyer-Lueckel H, Bitter K, Paris S. Randomized controlled clinical trial on proximal caries infiltration: three year follow-up. Caries Res. 2012;46(6):544-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000341807 https://doi.org/10.1159/000341807...
] |
“Randomized controlled clinical trial on proximal caries infiltration: three-year follow-up” |
3 |
No |
Yes |
Proximal |
A total of 1/20 progressions were found in the Icon infiltrant vs. 7/20 in the control groups. No lesion regression was observed until 36 months of follow-up. The results show that infiltration is an effective method of controlling non-cavitated caries progression. |
Qvist et al. [1313 Qvist V, Borum M, Moller K, Andersen T, Blanche P, Bakhshandeh A. Sealing occlusal dentin caries in permanent molars: 7-year results of randomized controlled trial. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2017;2(1):73-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416680191 https://doi.org/10.1177/2380084416680191...
] |
“Sealing occlusal dentin caries in permanent molars: 7-year results of a randomized controlled trial” |
7 |
Yes |
No |
Occlusal |
Sealant survival rate of 75% in 7.5 years, and failure percentage of 6.4%. Factors like moderate/high risk of cavities, first molar carious lesions in the distal pit, and multiple fissures influence the increase in failure rate. The authors consider that lesions in dentin can be treated with resinous sealants, and cavitated lesions do not influence the longevity or effect of resinous sealing. Deeper lesions in dentin should not be sealed. |
Arthur et al. [1414 Arthur R, Zenkner J, Júnior J, Correia R, Alves L, Maltz M. Proximal carious lesions infiltration a 3 year follow-up study of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical Oral Invest. 2017;22(1):469-474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2135-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2135-...
] |
“Proximal carious lesions infiltration - a 3year follow-up study of a randomized controlled clinical trial” |
3 |
No |
Yes |
Proximal |
A total of 2 progressions were found in the infiltrant group vs. 5 progressions in the control group. No added benefit was found in infiltration versus placebo. Beneficial effect is provided when disease control is not achieved on an individual level. No statistical difference was observed. |
Basili et al. [1515 Basili C, Emilson C, Corvalan G, Moran M, Torres C, Quiroz M, Gomez S et al. Preventive and therapeutic proximal sealing: a 3,5 year randomized controlled clinical trial follow-up. Caries Res. 2017;51(4):387-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000470851 https://doi.org/10.1159/000470851...
] |
“Preventive and therapeutic proximal sealing: a 3.5-year randomized controlled clinical trial follow-up” |
3.5 |
Yes |
No |
Proximal |
In the preventive group, 4/30 test surfaces (13.3%) developed an initial carious lesion. In the therapeutic group, 3/15 test lesions showed progression (20%). The preventive fraction of the preventive group was 75%, and therapeutic, 62% (sample limitation). The lower values for the therapeutic group maybe be attributed to a smaller sample after 3.5 years-considered a limitation of the study. The results of this clinical study show that proximal sealing can be valid and effective. |
Anauate-Netto et al. [55 Frencken J, Peters M, Manton D, Leal S, Gordan V, Eden E. Minimal intervention dentistry for managing dental caries- a review. Int Dent J. 2012;62(5):223-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dj.12007 https://doi.org/10.1111/dj.12007...
] |
“Caries progression in non-cavitated fissures after infiltrant application: a 3 year follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial” |
3 |
Yes |
Yes |
Occlusal |
The results showed no significant difference between the groups (sealant vs. infiltrant). The resinous infiltrant presents the same clinical efficacy results as the conventional sealant for repairing pit and fissure lesions. Similar results for marginal integrity were observed after 3 years. In exploratory drilling, a loss can be observed in the regularity of the sealant surface after 3 years of application. |
Author/year |
Title |
Study period (years) |
Sealant |
Icon infiltrant |
Surface of intervention |
Important considerations |
Peters et al. [1616 Peters M, Jr Hopkins A, Qingzhao Y. Resin infiltration: An effective adjunct strategy for managing high caries risk- A within-person randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dent 2018;79:24-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dent.2018.09.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dent.2018.09.0...
] |
Resin infiltration: “An effective adjunct strategy for managing high caries risk – a within-person randomized controlled clinical trial” |
2 |
No |
Yes |
Proximal |
The group of infiltrated lesions (RI) showed less growth in the external third of the dentin compared to the placebo group. The progression rate of the placebo group was 95%. Only one progression occurred in the RI group. Infiltration was considered an adjunct/ assistant to the preventative measures (oral hygiene and prophylaxis done by a professional) effectively. The infiltrative technique is not a cure to the disease; its effect inhibits and reduces progression of carious lesions. |