User influence on fully automated cephalometric tracing using an artificial intelligence-driven online platform: pilot study

Lopez, Edna Alejandra Gallardo; Salgado, Daniela Miranda Richarte de Andrade; Moreira, Lucila Massu Yoshizaki Akinaga; Rotundo, Oswaldo Mejias; Costa, Claudio

doi:10.1590/1981-86372025001820230111

home Sumário navigate_before Anterior Atual Seguinte navigate_next

home Sumário

ORIGINAL • Rev Gaúch. Odontol. 73 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-86372025001820230111 linkcopy

User influence on fully automated cephalometric tracing using an artificial intelligence-driven online platform: pilot study

Influência do usuário no traçado cefalométrico totalmente automatizado utilizando uma plataforma online com inteligência artificial: estudo piloto

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of automated tracings compared with the modifications made by the user.

Methods: This observational analytical cross-sectional study used 44 lateral cephalograms, analyzed in the WebCeph™ software by a trained observer. The angles evaluated were those specified by the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics. The first evaluation was performed by the software’s artificial intelligence, and the results were recorded. In the second evaluation, the user checked the position of the landmarks and modified them if necessary. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the user and AI (p<0.05). The user modified 88.63% of the sample. The most modified landmarks were the nasion, B, U1 border, and L1 border.

Conclusion: There was technical agreement between AI and user, with the values obtained being equivalent. The AI diagnosis is reliable, but user experience remains fundamental for the final diagnosis.

Indexing terms
Artificial intelligence; Cephalometry; Orthodontics; Radiography; Supervised machine learning

Landmark	Frequency
Sella	3
Nasion	12
A	2
B	13
Gonion	7
Gnation	1
Porion	4
Orbitale	3
U1 Border	21
U1 Apex	2
L1 Border	21
L1 Apex	4
Total	93

Angle -Distance	WEBCEPH			User
Angle -Distance	Mean	SD	Shapiro-wilk P.	Mean	SD	Shapiro-wilk P.
SNA	83.59	3.41	0.4307	82.87	3.83	0.5681
SNB	78.23	3.93	0.9174	77.69	4.14	0.1982
ANB	5.36	2.28	0.8296	5.19	2.17	0.4515
FMA	24.92	4.71	0.5754	25.24	5.09	0.6302
U1-SN	106.17	6.09	0.8527	104.45	8.00	0.6107
IMPA	97.22	6.22	0.3552	96.11	6.78	0.2714
SN-GoGn	31.84	5.26	0.5315	32.45	5.34	0.671
Y-Axis	59.23	2.98	0.04393*	58.29	4.89	3.885e^-06*
U1-NA(mm)	4.11	1.87	0.4042	3.54	2.00	0.7329
U1-NA(Angle)	22.58	4.86	0.2237	21.57	5.94	0.5355
L1-NB(mm)	7.08	2.03	0.4664	6.46	2.31	0.3157
L-NB(Angle)	28.60	4.41	0.8751	27.32	6.00	0.2851

Angle-Distance	ICC	IC95%	Diff mean	90% CI
SNA	0.761	0.587; 0.867	-0.72	-0.647;2.087
SNB	0.898	0.811;0.946	-0.54	-0.98;2.06
ANB	0.892	0.805;0.942	-0.17	-0.66;1.00
FMA	0.923	0.858;0.958	-0.32	-2.16;1.52
U1-SN	0.867	0.711;0.935	-1.72	-0.96;4.40
IMPA	0.851	0.729;0.92	-1.11	-1.34;3.56
SN-GoGn	0.927	0.863;0.962	-0.61	-2.60;1.38
U1-NA(mm)	0.683	0.471;0.821	-0.57	-0.16;1.3
U1-NA(Angle)	0.741	0.559;0.855	-1.01	-1.03;3.05
L1-NB(mm)	0.821	0.624;0.911	-0.62	-0.2;1.44
L1-NB(Angle)	0.749	0.56;0.862	-1.28	-0.70;3.26

vertical_align_top show_chart

more_horiz close
- image
- translate
- link
- article
- vertical_align_top
- file_download
- show_chart
- image
- translate
- link
- article

location_on

Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13, CEP: 13045-755 , Tel.: +55 (19) 3211-3689 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: contato@revistargo.com.br

rss_feed Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Note:

[TFN01] ^*
p<0.05.