Figure 1
Bilinear relation between bonding stress and slip [1717 Fédération Internationale du Betón, Externally Bonded FRP Reinforcement for RC Structures: Bulletin D’information, N. 14. Lausanne, Switzerland: FIB, 2001.].
Figure 2
Configuration and reinforcement details for Series A beams [2020 A. Khalifa and A. Nanni, “Rehabilitation of rectangular simply supported RC beams with shear deficiencies using CFRP composites,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 135-146, Jan. 2002.].
Figure 3
Configuration and reinforcement details for Series B beams [2121 A. Khalifa, A. Belarbi, and A. Nanni, “Shear performance of RC members strengthened with externally bonded FRP wraps,” in Proc. 12th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering , Org. (Auckland, New Zealand), Jan. 2000, pp. 1-8.].
Figure 4
Schematic representation of CFRP strengthening schemes for beam specimens of Series A [2020 A. Khalifa and A. Nanni, “Rehabilitation of rectangular simply supported RC beams with shear deficiencies using CFRP composites,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 135-146, Jan. 2002.].
Figure 5
Schematic representation of test set-up for Series A [2020 A. Khalifa and A. Nanni, “Rehabilitation of rectangular simply supported RC beams with shear deficiencies using CFRP composites,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 135-146, Jan. 2002.].
Figure 6
Strengthening schemes and test set-up for Series B beams [2121 A. Khalifa, A. Belarbi, and A. Nanni, “Shear performance of RC members strengthened with externally bonded FRP wraps,” in Proc. 12th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering , Org. (Auckland, New Zealand), Jan. 2000, pp. 1-8.].
Figure 7
Finite element discretization of the beams: (a) A-SO4-1, and (b) A-SW3-1.
Figure 8
Finite element discretization of the beams: (a) B-CO2, and (b) B-CF4.
Figure 9
Cross-sections of the beams: (a) A-SW, A-SO, B-CW, and B-CO without CFRP; (b) B-CF without CFRP; (c) CFRP U-wrap; and (d) CFRP, totally wrapped.
Figure 10
CONTA174 and TARGE170 elements for modeling beam B-CW2.
Figure 11
Load vs. displacement diagram of beams with shear failure.
Figure 12
Stress in the reinforcement of beam A-SW3-1 (kN/cm2).
Figure 13
Principal strain in the concrete of beam A-SO4-1 (cm/cm).
Figure 14
Principal strain in the concrete of beam B-CF1 (cm/cm).
Figure 15
Failure modes observed in the beam tests [1919 A. Khalifa, “Shear performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with advanced composites,” Ph.D. dissertation, Struct. Eng. Depart., Alexandria Univ., Alexandria, Egypt, 1999.].
Figure 16
Load vs. midspan deflection diagram for the beams with splitting failure.
Figure 17
Stress in concrete for beam A-SW3-2 (kN/cm2).
Figure 18
Principal strain in concrete for beam A-SW4-2 (cm/cm).
Figure 19
Principal strain in concrete for beam B-CW2 (cm/cm).
Figure 20
Failure modes observed in the experiments [1919 A. Khalifa, “Shear performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with advanced composites,” Ph.D. dissertation, Struct. Eng. Depart., Alexandria Univ., Alexandria, Egypt, 1999.].
Figure 21
Load vs. midspan deflection diagram for beams with debonding failure.
Figure 22
Evolution of the principal stress in the CFRP strengthening for beam A-SO3-3 (kN/cm2).
Figure 23
Bond stress in the interface of beam A-SO3-3 (kN/cm2).
Figure 24
Slip in the interface of beam A-SO3-3 (cm).
Figure 25
Evolution of the principal stress in the CFRP strengthening for beam A-SO4-2 (kN/cm2).
Figure 26
Bond stress in the interface of the beam A-SO4-2 (kN/cm2).
Figure 27
Slip in the interface of beam A-SO4-2 (cm).
Figure 28
Principal stress in the CFRP strengthening of beam B-CO2 (kN/cm2).
Figure 29
Bond stress in the interface of beam B-CO2 (kN/cm2).
Figure 30
Slip in the interface of beam B-CO2 (cm).
Figure 31
Failure modes observed in the experiments [1919 A. Khalifa, “Shear performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with advanced composites,” Ph.D. dissertation, Struct. Eng. Depart., Alexandria Univ., Alexandria, Egypt, 1999.].
Figure 32
Load vs. midspan deflection diagram for beams with bending failure.
Figure 33
Stress in the reinforcement of beam B-CF2 (kN/cm2).
Figure 34
Stress in the reinforcement of beam B-CF4 (kN/cm2).
Figure 35
Principal stress in the CFRP strengthening of beam B-CF2 (kN/cm2).
Figure 36
Bond stress in the interface of beam B-CF2 (kN/cm2).
Figure 37
Interface slip of beam B-CF2 (cm).
Figure 38
Principal stress in the CFRP strengthening of beam B-CF4 (kN/cm2).
Figure 39
Failure modes observed in the experiments [1919 A. Khalifa, “Shear performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with advanced composites,” Ph.D. dissertation, Struct. Eng. Depart., Alexandria Univ., Alexandria, Egypt, 1999.].
Table 1
Material properties [2121 A. Khalifa, A. Belarbi, and A. Nanni, “Shear performance of RC members strengthened with externally bonded FRP wraps,” in Proc. 12th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering , Org. (Auckland, New Zealand), Jan. 2000, pp. 1-8.].
Table 2
Summary of beam characteristics [2121 A. Khalifa, A. Belarbi, and A. Nanni, “Shear performance of RC members strengthened with externally bonded FRP wraps,” in Proc. 12th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering , Org. (Auckland, New Zealand), Jan. 2000, pp. 1-8.].
Table 3
Interface model parameters.
Table 4
Summary of test results.