| Authors |
Amplitude |
Equipment input power (W) |
Duration (min) |
Total energy (J) |
Energy/volume (J/ml) |
| [2[2] Konsta-Gdoutos MS Metaxa ZS, Shah SP. Highly dispersed carbon nanotube reinforced cement based materials. Cement and Concrete Research, v. 40, 2010; p. 1052-1059.] |
(x) |
(x) |
120 |
(x) |
(x) |
| [9[9] Chen SJ, Zou B, Collins F, Zhao XL, Majumber M, Duan WH. Predicting the influence of ultrasonication energy on the reinforcing efficiency of carbon nanotubes. Carbon, v. 77, 2014; p. 1-10.] |
(x) |
500 |
140(*) |
280 000(#) |
(x) |
| [10[10] Mendoza O, Sierra G, Tobón JI. Influence of super plasticizer and Ca(OH)2 on the stability of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersions for cement composites applications. Construction and Building Materials, v. 54, 2014; p. 550-557.] |
50% |
500 |
140(*) |
280 000(#) |
(x) |
| [12[12] Rastogi R, Kaushal R, Tripathi SK, Sharma AL, Kaur I, Bharadwaj LM. Comparative study of carbon nanotube dispersion using surfactants. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 328, 2008; p. 421-428.] |
(x) |
(x) |
100 |
840 000(#) |
8400(#) |
| [13[13] Shah SP, Konsta-Gdoutos MS, Metaxa ZS, Mondal P. Nanoscale modification of cementitious materials. In: Bittnar Z, Bartos PJM, Nemecek J, Smilauer V, Zeman J. Nanotechnology in construction - 3. Proc. NICOM3. Praga: Springer Press, 2009, p. 125-130.] |
20% and 40% |
750 |
30 |
13500 to 39600(#) |
270 to 1584(#) |
| [14[14] Rausch J, Zhuang R-C, Mäder E. Surfactant assisted dispersion of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous media. Composites: Part A, v. 41, 2010; p. 1038-1046.] |
50% |
500 |
140(*) |
280 000(#) |
(x) |
| [15[15] Blanch AJ, Lenehen CE, Quinton JS. Parametric analysis of sonication and centrifugation variables for dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Carbon, v. 49, 2011; p. 5213-5228.] |
70% |
500 |
20 to 30 |
94 368 and 141 522(#) |
555 and 833(#) |
| [16[16] Metaxa ZS, Seo JT, Konsta-Gdoutos MS, Hersam MC, Shah SP. Highly concentrated carbon nanotube admixture for reinforced cementitious materials. Cement & Concrete Composites, v. 36, 2013; p. 25-32.] |
70% |
(x) |
until 210 |
(x) |
(x) |
| [17[17] Al-Rub RK, Ashour AI, Tyson BM. On the aspect ratio effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforcements on the mechanical properties of cementitious nanocomposites. Construction and Building Materials, v. 35, 2012; p. 647-655.] |
(x) |
150 |
12 |
(x) |
(x) |
| [18[18] Sobolkina A, Mechtcherine V, Khavrus V, Maier D, Mende M, Ritschel M, Leonhardt A. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes and its influence on the mechanical properties of the cement matrix. Cement & Concrete Composites, v. 34, 2012; p. 1104-1113.] |
20% |
750 |
360(*) |
until 170 000 |
(x) |
| [19[19] Collins F, Lambert J, Duan WH. The influences on the dispersion, workability and strength of carbon nanotube-OPC paste mixtures. Cement & Concrete Composites, v. 34, 2012; p. 201-207.] |
100% |
500 |
1 to 14(*) |
9000 to 126 000(#) |
25 to 400 |
| [20[20] Zou B, Chen SJ, Korayem AH, Collins F, Wang CM, Duan WH. Effect of ultrasonication energy on engineering properties of carbon nanotube reinforced cement pastes. Carbon, v. 85, 2015; p. 212-220.] |
100% |
500 |
1 to14(*) |
9000 to 126 000(#) |
25 to 400 |
| [21[21] Isfahani FT, Li W, Redaelli E. Dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and its effects on the properties of cement composites. Cement & Concrete Composites, v. 74, 2016; p. 154-163.] |
(x) |
(x) |
30, 60 and 120 |
126 000 to 504 000(#) |
1800 to 7200(#) |
