Malaria at Humaita county, Amazonas state, Brazil: XVII — immune response in patients with Plasmodium falciparum according to gametocytes

Meira, Domingos Alves; Curi, Paulo Roberto; Marcondes, Jussara; Matsuoka, Elinda Satie; Favrin, Marina A.; El-Khoury, Albert Boutros; Motta, Norma Gerusa da Silva

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651985000500001

Abstracts

In August 1983 the Authors studied 36 patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and 14 normal individuals born in Humaita region who had never had malaria, had no spleen enlargement and had negative parasitemia as well as passive hemagglutination. Medical histories were obtained and complete physical examination were performed in all of them just as blood tests, parasite density and lymphocyte typing. The lymphocytes were separated and then frozen in liquid nitrogen for later typing by rosette formation. The patients were divided in two groups according to the presence (13 patients) or abscence (23 patients) of gametocytes before treatment. Severe malaria was predominant in the group without gametocytes. The results showed a decrease in the T-cell numbers in Plasmodium falciparum acute malaria patients both with or without gametocytes before the treatment, while B-cell numbers were normal only in the patients with gametocytes. These observations as like as those previously reported by the Authors, permit to associate the presence of gametocytes in peripheral blood and normal number of B-cells in patients with mild Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Em agosto de 1983, os Autores, estudaram 36 doentes com infecção causada pelo Plasmodium falciparum e 14 indivíduos normais, nascidos na região de Humaitá, que nunca tiveram malária, sem esplenomegalia, com exame parasitológico de sangue e hemaglutinação passiva negativas. Todos eles foram submetidos à observação clínica completa, exame hematológico, exame parasitológico de sangue e tipagem de linfócitos. Os linfócitos foram isolados e congelados em nitrogênio líquido, para posterior tipagem pela formação de rosetas. Os doentes foram classificados em dois grupos de acordo com a presença (13 doentes), ou ausência (23 doentes) de gametócitos antes do tratamento. Houve predomínio de formas graves no grupo de doentes sem gametócitos. Os resultados mostraram diminuição do número de linfócitos T em ambos os grupos de doentes, com ou sem gametócitos antes do tratamento, enquanto que o número de linfócitos B foi normal apenas no grupo de doentes com gametócitos. Essas observações, assim como as que foram relatadas pelos Autores anteriormente, permitem associar a presença de gametócitos circulantes com o número normal de células B em doentes com formas leves de malária causada pelo Plasmodium falciparum.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Malaria at Humaita county, Amazonas state, Brazil. XVII — immune response in patients with Plasmodium falciparum according to gametocytes

Malária no município de Humaitá, estado do Amazonas. XVII resposta imune em doentes com infecção pelo Plasmodium falciparum em relação aos gametócitos

Domingos Alves Meira^I; Paulo Roberto Curi^II; Jussara Marcondes^III; Elinda Satie Matsuoka^I; Marina A. Favrin^IV; Albert Boutros El-Khoury^V; Norma Gerusa da Silva Motta^VI

^IHead professor of the Department of Infectious and Parasitologic Diseases, Dermatology and Radiology - School of Medicine Botucatu UNESP

^IIDoctor of the Department of Surgery School of Medicine Botucatu UNESP

^IIIInstructor of the Department of Infectious and Parasitologic Diseases, Dermatology and Radiology School of Medicine Botucatu UNESP

^IVBiologist of São Paulo State Public Functionary Hospital

^VHead of the Department of Blood Bank of São Paulo State Public Functionary Hospital

^VIDoctor of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology of Basic Institute of Medical and Agricultural Biology UNESP

SUMMARY

In August 1983 the Authors studied 36 patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and 14 normal individuals born in Humaita region who had never had malaria, had no spleen enlargement and had negative parasitemia as well as passive hemagglutination. Medical histories were obtained and complete physical examination were performed in all of them just as blood tests, parasite density and lymphocyte typing. The lymphocytes were separated and then frozen in liquid nitrogen for later typing by rosette formation. The patients were divided in two groups according to the presence (13 patients) or abscence (23 patients) of gametocytes before treatment. Severe malaria was predominant in the group without gametocytes. The results showed a decrease in the T-cell numbers in Plasmodium falciparum acute malaria patients both with or without gametocytes before the treatment, while B-cell numbers were normal only in the patients with gametocytes. These observations as like as those previously reported by the Authors, permit to associate the presence of gametocytes in peripheral blood and normal number of B-cells in patients with mild Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

RESUMO

Em agosto de 1983, os Autores, estudaram 36 doentes com infecção causada pelo Plasmodium falciparum e 14 indivíduos normais, nascidos na região de Humaitá, que nunca tiveram malária, sem esplenomegalia, com exame parasitológico de sangue e hemaglutinação passiva negativas. Todos eles foram submetidos à observação clínica completa, exame hematológico, exame parasitológico de sangue e tipagem de linfócitos. Os linfócitos foram isolados e congelados em nitrogênio líquido, para posterior tipagem pela formação de rosetas. Os doentes foram classificados em dois grupos de acordo com a presença (13 doentes), ou ausência (23 doentes) de gametócitos antes do tratamento. Houve predomínio de formas graves no grupo de doentes sem gametócitos. Os resultados mostraram diminuição do número de linfócitos T em ambos os grupos de doentes, com ou sem gametócitos antes do tratamento, enquanto que o número de linfócitos B foi normal apenas no grupo de doentes com gametócitos. Essas observações, assim como as que foram relatadas pelos Autores anteriormente, permitem associar a presença de gametócitos circulantes com o número normal de células B em doentes com formas leves de malária causada pelo Plasmodium falciparum.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to thank the aid of Fundação Projeto Rondon, Directory of Advanced Campus and Humaitá SUCAM.

Recebido para publicação em 12/11/1984.

Research accomplished in the School of Medicine - Botucatu - UNESP, with support of National Council of Scientific and Technological Development CNPq (Proc. 40.3705/82) and presented in "The Fourth Japan-Brazil Symposium on Science and Technology" in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 1984.

1. ALLISON, A. C. & EUGUI, E. M. The role of cell-mediated immune responses in resistance to malaria, with special reference to oxidant stress. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 1: 361-392, 1983.
2. BALLET, J. J.; AGRAPART, M. MONJOUR, L.; BOURDILLON, P.; KARAM, M.; KYELEM, J. M. & STOECKEL, P. Etude de l'immunité humorale et cellulaire après vaccination anti tétanique chez l'enfent african malnutri et paludéen. II Etude in vitro des réponses cellulaires non spécifiques et spécifiques de l'anatoxine tétanique. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 50: 597-604, 1982.
3. BERTOUCH, J.; ROBERTS-THOMSON, R. J. & BRADLEY, J. Diurnal variation of lymphocyte subsets identified by monoclonal antibodies. Br. Med. J. 286: 1171-1172, 1983.
4. BHATTACHARYA, S. K.; PILLAT, C. R. ; MATHUR, M. & SEN, P. Effect of chloroquine and some other antimalarials on the immune mechanism in experimental animals. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36: 268-269, 1984.
5. CLYDE, D. F. A study of mononuclear leucocyte and neutrophil patterns among east africans partially immune to malaria. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 67: 25-30, 1964.
6. COHEN, S.; Mc GREGOR, I. A. & CARRINGTON, S. Gammaglobulin and acquired immunity to malaria. Nature 193: 733-736, 1961.
7. DRUILHE, P.; BALLET, J. J.; QUERLEUX, M. A.; AGRAPART, M. & GENTILINI, M. Modulation by Plasmodium falciparum of the proliferation of human lymphocytes. Cancer Immunology and Parasite Immunology. INSERM 97: 407-423, 1980.
8. DRUILHE, P.; BRASSEUR, P.; AGRAPART, M.; BALLET, J. J. ; CHANTHAVANICH, P.; LOOAREESUWAN, S.; WHITE, N.; WARRELL, M.; WARRELL, D.; THARAVANIJ, S. & GENTILINI, M. T cell responsiveness in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77: 671-672, 1983.
9. HORS, J.; PREUD'HOMME, J. L.; TOULZA-ZAPATERIA, M. T.; GUILLETBIGOT, J.; ROY, J. P. & DAUSSET, J. A simplified method for freezing lymphocytes in nitrogen vapors. Transplant. 15: 417-419, 1973.
10. MAC DERMOTT, R. P.; WELLS, R. A.; ZOLYOMI, S.; PAVANAND, K.; PHISPHUMVIDHI, P.; PERMPANICH, B. & GILBREATH, M. Examination of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera from Thai adults naturally infected with malaria in assays of blastoge- nic responsiveness to mitogenic lectins and allogenic cell surface antigens. Infect. Immun. 30: 781-785, 1980.
11. MEIRA, D. A.; MARCONDES, J.; BARRAVIERA, B.; PEREIRA, P. C. M.; RUI, P. & CURI, P. R. - Malaria at Humaita County, Amazonas State, Brazil. XVI Gametocytes and lymphocytes studied in patients with Plasmodium falciparum. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. São Paulo 34 (Supl. 6): 32-39, 1982.
12. MEIRA, D. A.; MARCONDES, J.; CURI, P. R.; GUIMARÃES, F. R. & DI SANTI, S. M. - Malária no Município de Humaitá, Estado do Amazonas. XXXIII Comportamento dos gametócitos e linfócitos em doentes com Plasmodium falciparum. Apresentado no XX Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical e I Congresso da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Medicina Tropical. Salvador, Bahia, fevereiro de 1984.
13. MENDES, N. F.; TOLNAI, M. E. A.; SILVEIRA, N. P. A.; GILBERTSEN, R. B. & METZGAR, R. S. -Technical aspects of rosette tests used to detect human complement receptor (B) and sheep crythrocyte binding (T) lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 111: 860-867, 1973.
14. REILEY, C. G. & BARRETT-JR., O. N. - Leukocyte response in acute malaria. Am. J. Med. Sc. 363- 153-158, 1971.
15. RITCHIE, A. W. S.; OSWALD, I.; MICKEM, H. S., BOYD, J. E.; ELTON, R. A.; JAZWINSKA, E. & JAMES, K. Circadian variation of lymphocyte sub-populations: a study with monoclonal antibodies. Br. Med. J. 286: 1773-1775, 1983.
16. SALMERON, G. & LIPSKY, P. E. - Immunosupressive potential antimalarials. Am. J. Med. 18: 19-24, 1983.
17. SNEDCOR, G. W. & COCHRAN, W. G. - Statistical Methods. 7a. ed., Ames, Iowa, The Iowa State University, 1980, 505 p.
18. THONG, Y. H.; FERRANTE, A. & ROWAN-KELLY, B. Primaquine inhibits mitogen-induced human lymphocyte proliferative responses. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73: 537-539, 1978.
19. TROYE-BLOMBERG, M. ; SJÖHOLM, P. E.; PERLMANN, H.; PATARROYO, M. E. & PERLMANN, P. Regulation of the immune response in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. I Non specific proliferative responses "in vitro" and characterization of lymphocytes. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 53: 335-344, 1983.
20. TROYE-BLOMBERG, M.; PERLMANN, H.; PATARROYO, M. E. & PERLMANN, P. Regulation of the immune response in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. II Antigen specific proliferative responses "in vitro". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 53: 345-353, 1983.
21. WILLIAMS, R. C.; KOSTER, F. T. & KILPATRICK, K. A. Alterations in lymphocyte cell surface markers during various human infections. Am. J. Med. 75: 807-816, 1983.
22. WYLER, D. J. & OPPENHEIM, J. J. Lymphocyte transformation in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J. Immunol. 113: 449-454, 1974.
23. WYLER, D. J. Peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in human falciparum malaria. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 33: 471-476, 1976.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
26 Oct 2012
Date of issue
Oct 1985

History

Received
12 Nov 1984

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ALLISON, A. C. & EUGUI, E. M. The role of cell-mediated immune responses in resistance to malaria, with special reference to oxidant stress. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 1: 361-392, 1983.

[2] 2. BALLET, J. J.; AGRAPART, M. MONJOUR, L.; BOURDILLON, P.; KARAM, M.; KYELEM, J. M. & STOECKEL, P. Etude de l'immunité humorale et cellulaire après vaccination anti tétanique chez l'enfent african malnutri et paludéen. II Etude in vitro des réponses cellulaires non spécifiques et spécifiques de l'anatoxine tétanique. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 50: 597-604, 1982.

[3] 3. BERTOUCH, J.; ROBERTS-THOMSON, R. J. & BRADLEY, J. Diurnal variation of lymphocyte subsets identified by monoclonal antibodies. Br. Med. J. 286: 1171-1172, 1983.

[4] 4. BHATTACHARYA, S. K.; PILLAT, C. R. ; MATHUR, M. & SEN, P. Effect of chloroquine and some other antimalarials on the immune mechanism in experimental animals. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36: 268-269, 1984.

[5] 5. CLYDE, D. F. A study of mononuclear leucocyte and neutrophil patterns among east africans partially immune to malaria. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 67: 25-30, 1964.

[6] 6. COHEN, S.; Mc GREGOR, I. A. & CARRINGTON, S. Gammaglobulin and acquired immunity to malaria. Nature 193: 733-736, 1961.

[7] 7. DRUILHE, P.; BALLET, J. J.; QUERLEUX, M. A.; AGRAPART, M. & GENTILINI, M. Modulation by Plasmodium falciparum of the proliferation of human lymphocytes. Cancer Immunology and Parasite Immunology. INSERM 97: 407-423, 1980.

[8] 8. DRUILHE, P.; BRASSEUR, P.; AGRAPART, M.; BALLET, J. J. ; CHANTHAVANICH, P.; LOOAREESUWAN, S.; WHITE, N.; WARRELL, M.; WARRELL, D.; THARAVANIJ, S. & GENTILINI, M. T cell responsiveness in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77: 671-672, 1983.

[9] 9. HORS, J.; PREUD'HOMME, J. L.; TOULZA-ZAPATERIA, M. T.; GUILLETBIGOT, J.; ROY, J. P. & DAUSSET, J. A simplified method for freezing lymphocytes in nitrogen vapors. Transplant. 15: 417-419, 1973.

[10] 10. MAC DERMOTT, R. P.; WELLS, R. A.; ZOLYOMI, S.; PAVANAND, K.; PHISPHUMVIDHI, P.; PERMPANICH, B. & GILBREATH, M. Examination of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera from Thai adults naturally infected with malaria in assays of blastoge- nic responsiveness to mitogenic lectins and allogenic cell surface antigens. Infect. Immun. 30: 781-785, 1980.

[11] 11. MEIRA, D. A.; MARCONDES, J.; BARRAVIERA, B.; PEREIRA, P. C. M.; RUI, P. & CURI, P. R. - Malaria at Humaita County, Amazonas State, Brazil. XVI Gametocytes and lymphocytes studied in patients with Plasmodium falciparum. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. São Paulo 34 (Supl. 6): 32-39, 1982.

[12] 12. MEIRA, D. A.; MARCONDES, J.; CURI, P. R.; GUIMARÃES, F. R. & DI SANTI, S. M. - Malária no Município de Humaitá, Estado do Amazonas. XXXIII Comportamento dos gametócitos e linfócitos em doentes com Plasmodium falciparum. Apresentado no XX Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical e I Congresso da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Medicina Tropical. Salvador, Bahia, fevereiro de 1984.

[13] 13. MENDES, N. F.; TOLNAI, M. E. A.; SILVEIRA, N. P. A.; GILBERTSEN, R. B. & METZGAR, R. S. -Technical aspects of rosette tests used to detect human complement receptor (B) and sheep crythrocyte binding (T) lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 111: 860-867, 1973.

[14] 14. REILEY, C. G. & BARRETT-JR., O. N. - Leukocyte response in acute malaria. Am. J. Med. Sc. 363- 153-158, 1971.

[15] 15. RITCHIE, A. W. S.; OSWALD, I.; MICKEM, H. S., BOYD, J. E.; ELTON, R. A.; JAZWINSKA, E. & JAMES, K. Circadian variation of lymphocyte sub-populations: a study with monoclonal antibodies. Br. Med. J. 286: 1773-1775, 1983.

[16] 16. SALMERON, G. & LIPSKY, P. E. - Immunosupressive potential antimalarials. Am. J. Med. 18: 19-24, 1983.

[17] 17. SNEDCOR, G. W. & COCHRAN, W. G. - Statistical Methods. 7a. ed., Ames, Iowa, The Iowa State University, 1980, 505 p.

[18] 18. THONG, Y. H.; FERRANTE, A. & ROWAN-KELLY, B. Primaquine inhibits mitogen-induced human lymphocyte proliferative responses. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73: 537-539, 1978.

[19] 19. TROYE-BLOMBERG, M. ; SJÖHOLM, P. E.; PERLMANN, H.; PATARROYO, M. E. & PERLMANN, P. Regulation of the immune response in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. I Non specific proliferative responses "in vitro" and characterization of lymphocytes. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 53: 335-344, 1983.

[20] 20. TROYE-BLOMBERG, M.; PERLMANN, H.; PATARROYO, M. E. & PERLMANN, P. Regulation of the immune response in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. II Antigen specific proliferative responses "in vitro". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 53: 345-353, 1983.

[21] 21. WILLIAMS, R. C.; KOSTER, F. T. & KILPATRICK, K. A. Alterations in lymphocyte cell surface markers during various human infections. Am. J. Med. 75: 807-816, 1983.

[22] 22. WYLER, D. J. & OPPENHEIM, J. J. Lymphocyte transformation in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J. Immunol. 113: 449-454, 1974.

[23] 23. WYLER, D. J. Peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in human falciparum malaria. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 33: 471-476, 1976.

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Malaria at Humaita county, Amazonas state, Brazil: XVII — immune response in patients with Plasmodium falciparum according to gametocytes

Malária no município de Humaitá, estado do Amazonas: XVII — resposta imune em doentes com infecção pelo Plasmodium falciparum em relação aos gametócitos

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History