Effectiveness of a handmade shell-based substrate for the breeding of <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> under laboratory conditions

Efficient snail production is essential for the proper maintenance of the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle in the laboratory. In order to improve the breeding of Biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions, this study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a handmade shell-based substrate on the physiological performance of B. glabrata. The shells used to make the substrate were cleaned, sterilized and macerated until a powder was obtained (yield of 92.3%). B. glabrata specimens were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: negative control group (NCG) exposed to a clay-only substrate; a positive control group (PCG) containing clay, oyster flour and calcium carbonate; and the test group (TG) with the shell-based substrate and clay. B. glabrata bred in the test group showed improved growth, sexual maturity, fertility, mortality rate, and shell morphology when compared to the NCG, and similar to the PCG. Therefore, the shell-based substrate proved to be efficient and has a low cost for the breeding of B. glabrata.

Calcium carbonate; Shell-based substrate; Biomphalaria; Schistosomiasis; Mollusk breeding

Authorship

João Gustavo Mendes Rodrigues

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-4977

Maria Gabriela Sampaio Lira

Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, São Luís, Maranhão, BrazilUniversidade Federal do MaranhãoBrazilSão Luís, Maranhão, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-2167

Ranielly Araújo Nogueira

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-0918

Gleycka Cristine Carvalho Gomes

Irlla Correia Lima Licá

Davi Viegas-Melo

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, São Luís, Maranhão, BrazilUniversidade Estadual do MaranhãoBrazilSão Luís, Maranhão, BrazilUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

Andrea Teles-Reis

Guilherme Silva Miranda

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Departamento de Educação, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão, BrazilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do MaranhãoBrazilSão Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão, BrazilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Departamento de Educação, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-2776

Nêuton Silva-Souza

Correspondence to: Guilherme Silva Miranda Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Departamento de Educação, Rodovia BR-230, Km 319, Zona Rural, CEP 65840-000, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, Brazil Tel: +55 98 98814-6149 E-mail:mirandagsbio@gmail.com

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

Designed the study: GSM, JGMR and NSS; performed the experiments: JGMR, MGSL, RAN, GSM, GCCG, ICLL, DVM and ATR; analyzed the data: JGMR, GSM and NSS; wrote the paper: JGMR, GSM, MGSL, RAN, ICLL and DVM. All authors reviewed and approved the final version.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (5)

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Figure 1
Growth curve of B. glabrata bred using various experimental substrates: clay only in the negative control group (NCG), standardized substrate in the positive control group (PCG), and shell-based substrate in the test group (TG) for 155 days. A total of 100 B. glabrata per experimental group were used in the study. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparisons with the negative control group.

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Figure 2
Time of sexual maturity of B. glabrata bred using the various experimental substrates: clay only in the negative control group (NCG), standardized substrate in the positive control group (PCG), and shell-based substrate in the test group (TG). A total of 100 B. glabrata per experimental group were used in the study. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparisons with the negative control group.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Number of spawns (A) and embryos (B) of B. glabrata bred using the various experimental substrates: clay only in the negative control group (NCG), standardized substrate in the positive control group (PCG), and shell-based substrate in the test group (TG). A total of 50 snails per experimental group were used in the study. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparisons with the negative control group.

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Figure 4
Survival rate of B. glabrata bred using the various experimental substrates: clay only in the negative control group (NCG), standardized substrate in the positive control group (PCG), and shell-based substrate in the test group (TG) for 120 days. A total of 50 snails per experimental group were used in the study. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparisons with the negative control group.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Morphology of B. glabrata shells bred using the various experimental substrates: (A) Negative control group – NCG (with clay only); (B) Positive control group - PCG (with the standardized substrate); (C) Test group – TG (with the shell-based substrate). The yellow arrows indicate cracks/fractures on the shells. Scale: 5 mm.

Figure 1 Growth curve of B. glabrata bred using various experimental substrates: clay only in the negative control group (NCG), standardized substrate in the positive control group (PCG), and shell-based substrate in the test group (TG) for 155 days. A total of 100 B. glabrata per experimental group were used in the study. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparisons with the negative control group.

Figure 2 Time of sexual maturity of B. glabrata bred using the various experimental substrates: clay only in the negative control group (NCG), standardized substrate in the positive control group (PCG), and shell-based substrate in the test group (TG). A total of 100 B. glabrata per experimental group were used in the study. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparisons with the negative control group.

Figure 3 Number of spawns (A) and embryos (B) of B. glabrata bred using the various experimental substrates: clay only in the negative control group (NCG), standardized substrate in the positive control group (PCG), and shell-based substrate in the test group (TG). A total of 50 snails per experimental group were used in the study. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparisons with the negative control group.

Figure 4 Survival rate of B. glabrata bred using the various experimental substrates: clay only in the negative control group (NCG), standardized substrate in the positive control group (PCG), and shell-based substrate in the test group (TG) for 120 days. A total of 50 snails per experimental group were used in the study. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparisons with the negative control group.

Figure 5 Morphology of B. glabrata shells bred using the various experimental substrates: (A) Negative control group – NCG (with clay only); (B) Positive control group - PCG (with the standardized substrate); (C) Test group – TG (with the shell-based substrate). The yellow arrows indicate cracks/fractures on the shells. Scale: 5 mm.

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Effectiveness of a handmade shell-based substrate for the breeding of <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> under laboratory conditions

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[1] Correspondence to: Guilherme Silva Miranda Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Departamento de Educação, Rodovia BR-230, Km 319, Zona Rural, CEP 65840-000, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, Brazil Tel: +55 98 98814-6149 E-mail:mirandagsbio@gmail.com