<i>In situ</i> immune response in human dermatophytosis: possible role of Langerhans cells (CD1a+) as a risk factor for dermatophyte infection

Dermatophytosis is a cutaneous mycosis caused by a plethora of keratinophilic fungi, but Trichophyton rubrum is the most common etiological agent. Despite its high prevalence worldwide, little is known about the host defense mechanisms in this infection, particularly the in situ immune response. Using an immunohistochemistry approach, we investigated the density of CD1a+, factor XIIIa+ and CD68+ cells in the skin of dermatophytosis patients. Langerhans cells (CD1a+ cells) were significantly decreased in the epidermis of patients, both in affected and unaffected areas. In the dermis, however, no differences in the density of macrophages (CD68+ cells) and dermal dendrocytes (factor XIIIa+ cells) were observed. These results suggest that the decreased number of Langerhans cells may be a risk factor for development of dermatophytosis.

Dermatophytosis; Innate immune response; Langerhans cells; Macrophages; CD68+; Factor XIIIa+; CD1a+; Trichophyton rubrum

Authorship

Ana Paula Carvalho Reis

Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão de Clínica Dermatológica, Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM 53, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão de Clínica Dermatológica, Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM 53, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Franciele Fernandes Correia

Thais Martins Jesus

Carla Pagliari

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Neusa Y Sakai-Valente

Walter Belda Júnior

Paulo Ricardo Criado

Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, BrazilFaculdade de Medicina do ABCBrazilSanto André, São Paulo, BrazilFaculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil

Gil Benard

Maria Gloria Teixeira Sousa

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-1945

Correspondence to. Maria Gloria Teixeira Sousa Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Tel: +55 11 30617499,Fax: +55 11 30817190 E-mail: sousa.gloria@gmail.com

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

Reis APC; Correia FF and Jesus TM: generated the experimental data. Pagliari C: helped in the design of the study and in the IHC staining. Criado PR: inclusion of the patients and drafted the manuscript. Sakai-Valente NY: carried out the histologic diagnosis. Belda Júnior W: inclusion of the patients. Benard G: helped in the design of the study and drafted the manuscript. Sousa MGT: designed the study, analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare no conflict of interests.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, BrazilFaculdade de Medicina do ABCBrazilSanto André, São Paulo, BrazilFaculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil

Figures

Figures (2)

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Figure 1
Cell density of immunological markers at the lesion sites of patients with dermatophytosis. Dermatophytosis patients’ skin samples (lesion areas and unaffected skin) and healthy controls skin samples were immunostained for the following cell populations: A) CD1a+ cells; B) Factor XIIIa+ cells; C) CD68+ cells. Data are expressed as median ± interquartile range of the density of immunostained cells. Statistical comparisons were performed with Kruskal Wallis and Dunn’s post-test with a confidence level of 95%. n = 10; *p<0.05.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Immunohistochemistry pattern of CD1a, Factor XIIIA and CD68. Cells density of CD1+ cells (red arrow) in lesion areas (A) and in a healthy control skin (B) Cell density of factor XIIIa+ cells in lesion areas (C) and in a healthy control skin (D) CD68+ cells in lesions areas skin (E) in a healthy control skin. Magnification: x 200.

Figure 1 Cell density of immunological markers at the lesion sites of patients with dermatophytosis. Dermatophytosis patients’ skin samples (lesion areas and unaffected skin) and healthy controls skin samples were immunostained for the following cell populations: A) CD1a+ cells; B) Factor XIIIa+ cells; C) CD68+ cells. Data are expressed as median ± interquartile range of the density of immunostained cells. Statistical comparisons were performed with Kruskal Wallis and Dunn’s post-test with a confidence level of 95%. n = 10; *p<0.05.

Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry pattern of CD1a, Factor XIIIA and CD68. Cells density of CD1+ cells (red arrow) in lesion areas (A) and in a healthy control skin (B) Cell density of factor XIIIa+ cells in lesion areas (C) and in a healthy control skin (D) CD68+ cells in lesions areas skin (E) in a healthy control skin. Magnification: x 200.

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E-mail: revimtsp@usp.br

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<i>In situ</i> immune response in human dermatophytosis: possible role of Langerhans cells (CD1a+) as a risk factor for dermatophyte infection

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[1] Correspondence to. Maria Gloria Teixeira Sousa Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Tel: +55 11 30617499,Fax: +55 11 30817190 E-mail: sousa.gloria@gmail.com