In the hinterland of the São Paulo State, Brazil, a so far non observed disease has been reported from 1984 to 1986. The disease had the clinical characteristics of meningococcemia and the syndrome was named Brazilian Purpuric Fever. In fifteen patients Haemophilus aegyptius was isolated from blood cultures, spinal fluid and conjunctival and oropharyngeal secretions. This paper analyses the importance of such findings in relation to one single previous report of a systemic infection caused by such bacteria.