The use of robots in nursing

Automated devices that have feedback connections between their sensors and the environment, the robots, are an accurate and reliable technology. In the area of health, the use of robots can prevent medical errors, assist in activities such as distribution of meals and clothes in hospitals, among others.

These machines can perform procedures with high precision, reduce the duration of some techniques and facilitate the manipulation of areas of difficult access. Their use increases the possibility of curing cancer and is a well-stablished practice in developed countries. In North America, it is estimated that there are more than 3,500 robots for complex surgeries in hospital units; they adjust and compensate for trembling hands and make tiny movements with accuracy¹.

In nursing care, the use of robots has been increasing, but modestly. Patents related to the use of robots in nursing care have been identified and their use is linked to the needs of the older adult or disabled, particularly in regions of Asia, Europe and North America².

US and Egyptian nurses receive training in new technologies that use robots in surgical settings to ensure quality and safety of patient care. They participate in structured training programs that help them to gain confidence, aiming to achieve successful outcomes in the surgical procedures that involve these devices ^(3-4. In Korea, robots were proven to be effective in nursing care services, particularly in “measuring/monitoring”. They can decrease nursing workloads, minimize care activities and are considered good co-operators in care⁵.

In Brazil, the use of robots in health has been increasing, including less invasive and painful procedures. However, their use in nursing is still restricted to training and qualification of nurses to assist in surgical procedures. Robots could be designed to perform some assistance activities, reducing work time, facilitating detailed work and assisting the professionals in providing qualified assistance.

It is believed that, soon, with careful programming, robots will be able to safely apply some dressings, accurately administer medication, perform precise changes of decubitus, assist in the transport of patients from the stretcher to the bed and from the bed to the wheelchair, and transport and administer meals and medications at previously scheduled times.

It should be emphasized that robots will never replace nursing professionals and their humanized care, but will be able to assist them in their professional practice.

The topic is innovative and thought-provoking, and progress in the scientific knowledge regarding the use of robots in professional nursing practice is still necessary. Therefore, investigations are needed for workers in this profession to use this technology appropriately and safely.

References

• ¹
  Ministério da Saúde (BR). Ministério da Saúde estuda uso de robôs para realizar cirurgias no SUS. Disponível em: http://portalms.saude.gov.br/noticias/agencia-saude/29663-ministerio-da-saude-estuda-uso-de-robos-para-realizar-cirurgias-no-sus
  » http://portalms.saude.gov.br/noticias/agencia-saude/29663-ministerio-da-saude-estuda-uso-de-robos-para-realizar-cirurgias-no-sus
• ²
  Mesquita AC, Zamarioli CM, Carvalho EC. The use of robots in nursing care practices: an exploratory-descriptive study. Online Braz J Nurs. 2016 Sep 15(3):404-13. doi: 10.17665/1676-4285.20165395.
  » https://doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20165395
• ³
  Thomas CC. Role of the Perioperative Nurse in Robotic Surgery. Perioperative Nurs Clin. 2011 Sep 6(3):227-34. doi: 10.1016/j.cpen.2011.06.005
  » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpen.2011.06.005
• ⁴
  Raheem AA, Song HJ, Chang KD, Choi YD, Rha KH. Robotic nurse duties in the urology operative room: 11 years of experience. Asian J Urol. 2017 Apr 4(2):116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.09.012
  » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2016.09.012
• ⁵
  Lee JY, Song YA, Jung JY, Kim HJ, Kim BR, Do HK, et al. Nurses' needs for care robots in integrated nursing care services. J Adv Nurs. 2018 May 00:1-12. doi: 10.1111/jan.13711
  » https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13711

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  2018