Association between overweight and characteristics of young adult students: support for nursing care

Santiago, Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos; Moreira, Thereza Maria Magalhães; Florêncio, Raquel Sampaio

doi:10.1590/0104-1169.0174.2549

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Articles • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 23 (2) • Feb-Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0174.2549 copy

Association between overweight and characteristics of young adult students: support for nursing care¹ 1 Paper extracted from master's thesis "Analysis of obesity in adults young school: subsidy for health education by nurse", presented to Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

to verify associations between overweight and the characteristics of young adult students to support nursing care.

METHOD:

case-control study conducted with young adults from public schools. The sample was composed of 441 participants (147 cases and 294 controls, with and without excess weight, respectively). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected together with exposure factors and anthropometrics. Multiple logistic regression was used. The study received Institutional Review Board approval.

RESULTS:

statistically significant association with overweight: non-Caucasian, having a partner; weight gain during adolescence, mother's excess weight, the use of obesogenic medication, augmented diastolic blood pressure, of abdominal circumference and waist/hip ratio. In addition to these, schooling and weight gain during childhood were also included in the multivariate analysis. After adjustment, the final model included: having a partner, weight gain during adolescence, augmented diastolic blood pressure and abdominal circumference.

CONCLUSION:

the analysis of predictor variables for excess weight among young adult students supports nurses in planning and developing educational practices aimed to prevent this clinical condition, which is a risk factor for other chronic comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases.

Nursing; Overweight; Obesity; Young Adult

Variable	Cases BMI≥ 25 kg/m²			Controls 25 kg/m² >BMI ≥ 18.5Kg/m²			p*	Raw odds ratio (CI 95%)
Variable	f	%	Mean (SD)	f	%	Mean (SD)	p*	Raw odds ratio (CI 95%)
Age
20 to 22 years old	114	77.60%	21.9 (±1.42)	253	86.10%	20.93 (±1.19)		1
23 to 24 years old	33	22.40%	21.9 (±1.42)	41	13.90%	20.93 (±1.19)	0.325	1.79 (1.07-2.97)
Sex
Male	71	48.30%		150	51.00%			1
Female	76	51.70%		144	49.00%		0.590	1.12 (0.75-1.66)
Self-reported race
Caucasian	57	38.80%		79	26.90%			1
Non-Caucasian	90	61.20%		215	73.10%		0.011	0.58 (0.38-0.88)
Marital status
Partner	50	34.00%		45	15.30%			1
No partner	97	66.00%		249	84.70%		0.000	2.85 (1.79-4.55)
Family Income
Up to 2 times MW†	117	79.60%		237	80.60%			1
More than 2 times MW	30	20.40%		57	19.40%		0.800	1.07 (0.65-1.75)
Live in Slums
Yes	11	7.50%		19	6.50%			1
No	136	92.50%		275	93.50%		0.689	1.17 (0.54-2.53)
Grade
High School	90	62.10%		158	55.60%			1
Senior year (Grade 12)	55	37.90%		126	44.40%		0.202	0.77 (0.51-1.15)
Father’s schooling
Up to 8 years	75	51.00%		147	50.00%		0.950	1
More than 8 years	39	26.50%		77	26.20%		0.804	1.07 (0.61-1.89)
Do not know	33	22.40%		70	23.80%		0.976	0.99 (0.62-1.60)
Mother’s schooling
Up to 8 years	82	55.80%		155	52.70%		0.817	1
More than 8 years	36	24.50%		75	25.50%		0.849	1.06 (0.59-1.92)
Do not know	29	19.70%		64	21.80%		0.691	0.91 (0.56-1.47)

Variable	Cases BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²			Controls 25 kg/m² >BMI ≥18.5Kg/m²			p*	Raw Odds Ratio (CI 95%)
Variable	f	%	Mean (SD)	f	%	Mean (SD)	p*	Raw Odds Ratio (CI 95%)
Weight during childhood
No overweight	123	83.70%		265	90.10%		0.051	1
Overweight	24	16.30%		29	9.90%			1.78 (1.01-3.19)
Weight during childhood
No overweight	108	73.50%		281	95.60%		0.000	1
Overweight	39	26.50%		13	4.40%			7.81 (4.01-15.19)
Father’s weight gain
No overweight	120	81.60%		240	81.60%		1.000	1
Overweight	27	18.40%		54	18.40%			1.00 (0.60-1.67)
Father’s weight gain
No overweight	97	66.00%		228	77.60%		0.010	1
Overweight	50	34.00%		66	22.40%			1.78 (1.15-2.76)
Systolic blood pressure
Normotensive	142	96.60%	117.01 (±13.46)	285	96.90%	112.05 (±11.99)	0.848	1
Hypertension	5	3.40%	117.01 (±13.46)	9	3.10%	112.05 (±11.99)		1.12 (0.37-3.39)
Diastolic blood pressure
Normotensive	127	86.40%	75.67 (±14.43)	288	98.00%	68.76 (±10.37)	0.000	1
Hypertensive	20	13.60%	75.67 (±14.43)	6	2.00%	68.76 (±10.37)		7.56 (2.97-19.27)
Abdominal circumference
Normal	99	67.30%	M:91.85 (±9.86) F:90.27 (±10.11)	291	99.00%	M:76.51 (±5.50) F:74.74 (±6.66)	0.000	1
Altered ^†	48	32.70%	M:91.85 (±9.86) F:90.27 (±10.11)	3	1.00%	M:76.51 (±5.50) F:74.74 (±6.66)		47.03 (14.33-154.36)
Waist/hip ratio
Normal	107	72.80%	M:0.86 (±0.62) F:0.85 (±0.74)	260	88.40%	M:0.82 (±0.08) F:0.80 (±0.09)	0.000	1
Altered ^‡	40	27.20%	M:0.86 (±0.62) F:0.85 (±0.74)	34	11.60%	M:0.82 (±0.08) F:0.80 (±0.09)		2.86 (1.72-4.76)
Smoking
No	129	87.80%		250	85.00%		0.439	1
Yes	18	12.20%		44	15.00%			0.79 (0.44-1.43)
Alcohol
No	41	29.90%		85	32.10%		0.660	1
Yes	96	70.10%		180	67.90%			1.11 (0.71-1.73)
Unbalanced diet
No	71	48.30%		126	42.90%		0.279	1
Yes	76	51.70%		168	57.10%			0.80 (0.54-1.20)
Sedentariness
No	28	19.00%		53	18.00%		0.794	1
Yes	119	81.00%		241	82.00%			0.93 (0.56-1.55)
Obesogenic medication
No	104	70.70%		233	79.30%		0.048	1
Yes	43	29.30%		61	20.70%			1.58 (1.01-2.49)

Variables	p	Raw odds ratio	p*	Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI)
Block 1
Self-reported race
Caucasian		1.00		1.00
Non-Caucasian	0.0110	0.58 (0.38-0.88)	0.030	0.62 (0.40 – 0.96)
Marital status
No partner		1.00		1.00
Partner	0.000	2.85 (1.79-4.55)	0.000	2.95 (1.82 – 4.78)
Schooling
High School		1.00		1.00
Senior year (Grade 12)	0.202	0.77 (0.51-1.15)	0.549	0.88 (0.57 – 1.34)
Block 2
Weight during childhood
No overweight		1.00		1.00
Overweight	0.051	1.78 (1.01-3.19)	0.823	1.09 (0.52 – 2.26)
Weight during adolescence
No overweight		1.00		1.00
Overweight	0.000	7.81 (4.01-15.19)	0.000	6.46 (2.98 – 13.99)
Mother’s weight gain
No overweight		1.00		1.00
Overweight	0.010	1.78 (1.15-2.76)	0.374	1.28 (0.74 – 2.19)
Diastolic blood pressure
Normotensive		1.00		1.00
Hypertensive	0.848	1.12 (0.37-3.39)	0.001	6.04 (2.10 – 17.38)
Abdominal circumference
Normal		1.00		1.00
Altered	0.000	47.03 (14.33-154.36)	0.000	54.47 (13.55 – 219.04)
Waist/hip ratio
Normal		1.00		1.00
Altered	0.000	2.86 (1.72-4.76)	0.274	0.62 (0.26 – 1.46)
Unbalanced diet
No		1.00		1.00
Yes	0.279	0.80 (0.54-1.20)	0.085	0.66 (0.41-1.06)
Obesogenic medication
No		1.00		1.00
Yes	0.048	1.58 (1.01-2.49)	0.429	1.26 (0.71 – 2.22)

	B (standard error)	Confidence interval of 95% for Exp b
	B (standard error)	Inferior	Exp b	Superior
Included
Constant	-6.59 (0.92) *
Marital status	0.89 (0.29) †	1.40	2.44	4.27
Weight during adolescence	1.84 (0.38) *	2.98	6.30	13.31
Diastolic blood pressure	1.96 (0.54) *	2.49	7.11	20.28
Abdominal circumference	3.48 (0.62) *	9.59	32.42	109.54

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding Author: Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos Santiago Universidade Estadual do Ceará Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700 Campus do Itaperi CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil E-mail: jenifacs@yahoo.com.br

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Association between overweight and characteristics of young adult students: support for nursing care1 1 Paper extracted from master's thesis "Analysis of obesity in adults young school: subsidy for health education by nurse", presented to Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

OBJECTIVE:

METHOD:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:

Association between overweight and characteristics of young adult students: support for nursing care¹ 1 Paper extracted from master's thesis "Analysis of obesity in adults young school: subsidy for health education by nurse", presented to Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil