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Efectos de la aplicación del masaje terapéutico en niños con cáncer: una revisión sistemática

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

conocer los efectos del uso del masaje terapéutico en niños con cáncer.

Método:

revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos controlados la búsqueda se llevó a cabo en noviembre de 2014 en las bases de datos científicas: Pubmed, CSIC, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane y PEDro. Los criterios de inclusión han sido: ensayos clínicos, publicados en inglés o español, en los que se analizaran los efectos del masaje en las diferentes etapas y tipos de cáncer infantil (entre 1 y 18 años).

Resultados:

de 1007 artículos localizados, 7 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Sus autores utilizan diferentes técnicas de masaje (masaje sueco, effleurage, petrissage, fricciones, presiones), obteniendo beneficios en los síntomas presentes durante la enfermedad (disminución del dolor, náuseas, estrés, ansiedad y aumento de glóbulos blancos y neutrófilos).

Conclusión:

el masaje terapéutico mejora los síntomas de los niños con cáncer, que respalden los efectos que se le atribuyen.

Descriptores:
Niño; Masaje; Ansiedad; Neoplasia; Leucemia; Cáncer

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to learn about the effects of the use of therapeutic massage in children with cancer.

Method:

systematic review of controlled clinical trials The search was conducted in November 2014 in the following databases: Pubmed, CSIC, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane and PEDro. Inclusion criteria were: clinical trials, published in English or Spanish, analyzing the effects of massage on the different stages and types of childhood cancer (between 1 and 18 years old).

Results:

of 1007 articles found, 7 met the inclusion criteria. Their authors use different massage techniques (Swedish massage, effleurage, petrissage, frictions, pressures), obtaining benefits in the symptoms present during the illness (decrease of pain, nausea, stress, anxiety and increase of white blood cells and neutrophils).

Conclusion:

therapeutic massage improves the symptoms of children with cancer, but there is a need for more research that may support the effects attributed to it.

Descriptors:
Child; Massage; Anxiety; Neoplasia; Leukemia; Cancer

RESUMO

Objetivo:

conhecer os efeitos do uso da massagem terapêutica em crianças com câncer.

Método:

revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos controlados. A pesquisa foi realizada em novembro de 2014 em bases de dados científicas: Pubmed, CSIC, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane and PEDro. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ensaios clínicos, publicados em inglês ou espanhol, analisando os efeitos da massagem nas diferentes fases e tipos de câncer infantil (entre 1 e 18 anos).

Resultados:

de 1007 artigos encontrados, 7 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os autores utilizam diferentes técnicas de massagem (massagem sueca, effleurage, petrissage, fricções, pressões), obtendo benefícios nos sintomas presentes durante a doença (diminuição da dor, náusea, estresse, ansiedade e aumento de glóbulos brancos e neutrófilos).

Conclusão:

a massagem terapêutica melhora os sintomas das crianças com câncer, mas são necessárias mais pesquisas que apoiem os efeitos atribuídos a ela.

Descritores:
Criança; Massagem; Ansiedade; Neoplasia; Leucemia; Câncer

Introducción

El cáncer se define como "un grupo de enfermedades en las cuales el organismo produce un exceso de células malignas con rasgos típicos de comportamiento y crecimiento descontrolado"11 De la Torre I, Cobo MA, Mateo T, Vicente LI. Cuidados enfermeros al paciente oncológico. Málaga: Vértice; 2008. 292 p..

Actualmente es considerado como la segunda causa de muerte en edades entre 1 y 14 años, teniendo mayor incidencia en países desarrollados22 Rivera-Luna R, Shalkow -Klincovstein J, Velasco-Hidalgo L, Cárdenas-Cardós R, Zapata-Tarrés M, Olaya-Vargas A, et al. Descriptive epidemiology in Mexican children with cancer under an open national public health insurance program. BMC Cancer. [Internet]. 2014. [cited April 13, 2015]; 14: 790. Available from: Available from: http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-14-790
http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/artic...
-33 Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics for Hispancis/Latinos, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. [Internet].2012. [cited April 13, 2015]; 62 (5): 283-98. Available from: Available from: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-046405.pdf
http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content...
, siendo las leucemias en la mayoría de los casos infantiles. Así según la evidencia médica las más frecuentes son linfoblástica aguda (LLA), tumores del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC), linfomas (Hodgkin y no Hodgkin), tumores del Sistema Nervioso Simpático (SNS) y óseos11 De la Torre I, Cobo MA, Mateo T, Vicente LI. Cuidados enfermeros al paciente oncológico. Málaga: Vértice; 2008. 292 p..

Como tratamiento de dicha patología en los protocolos convencionales se administran fármacos antineoplásicos, radioterapia y cirugía según el tipo11 De la Torre I, Cobo MA, Mateo T, Vicente LI. Cuidados enfermeros al paciente oncológico. Málaga: Vértice; 2008. 292 p., de forma aislada o combinada44 Pacheco M, Madero L. Oncología pediátrica. Psicooncología. [Internet]. 2003. [Acceso 12 Abril 2015]; 1: 107-16. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.seom.org/seomcms/images/stories/recursos/sociosyprofs/documentacion/psicooncologia/numero1_vol0/articulo9.pdf
http://www.seom.org/seomcms/images/stori...

5 Cooper SL, Brown PA. Treatment of pediatric acude lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Clin North Am. [Internet]. 2015. [cited April 13, 2015]; 62 (1): 61-73. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4366417/pdf/nihms662731.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-66 Ju HY, Hong CR, Shin HY. Advancements in the treatment of pediatric acute leukemia and brain tumor - continuous efforts for 100% cure. Korean J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2014. [cited April 12, 2015]; 57 (10): 434-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219945/pdf/kjped-57-434.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
.

La aplicación del masaje viene desde las civilizaciones más antiguas77 Fritz S. Fundamentos del masaje terapéutico. Barcelona: Paidotribo; 2001. 500 p.-88 Rodríguez JA. De friegas y masoterapia: Consideraciones históricas sobre la evolución del masaje. En: Torres M, Salvat I, editores. Guía de masoterapia para fisioterapeutas. Madrid: Panamericana; 2006 .p. 3-25.. A mediados del siglo XIX se demostró su eficacia definiendo indicaciones terapéuticas88 Rodríguez JA. De friegas y masoterapia: Consideraciones históricas sobre la evolución del masaje. En: Torres M, Salvat I, editores. Guía de masoterapia para fisioterapeutas. Madrid: Panamericana; 2006 .p. 3-25.. Se puede definir99 Vázquez J. Manual profesional del masaje. Badalona: Paidotribo; 2009. p. 1-21. como "un conjunto de manipulaciones y/o maniobras realizadas con las manos del terapeuta y aplicadas al cuerpo humano con objetivos preventivo, higiénicos, terapéuticos, rehabilitadores y psicológicos de una forma metódica, ordenada y razonada". Está compuesto por las maniobras básicas de: effleurage, petrissage, fricción, pellizcamiento y vibración99 Vázquez J. Manual profesional del masaje. Badalona: Paidotribo; 2009. p. 1-21..

Algunos autores1010 Falkensteiner M, Mantovan F, Müller I, Them C. The use of massage therapy for reducing pain, anxiety, and depression in oncological palliative care patients: a narrative review of the literature. ISRN Nurs. [Internet].2011. [cited April 11, 2015]; 929868. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3168862/pdf/NURSING2011-929868.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
muestran que la percepción del dolor por pacientes de cuidados paliativos disminuye y permanece hasta 18 horas después de su aplicación, otros(11) indican que la intervención realizada por una enfermera especializada en masaje terapéutico durante 45 minutos en niños con metástasis ósea reduce ansiedad y dolor, manteniéndose a largo plazo.

¿Sería posible mejorar la sintomatología de los pacientes mediante la aplicación de masaje terapéutico? Por todo lo anteriormente expuesto el objetivo de esta revisión es conocer los efectos de la aplicación del masaje terapéutico en la población oncológica infantil.

Método

Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos controlados.

Criterios de inclusión:

-Artículos en inglés/español.

-Publicados desde 01/11/1994 hasta 01/11/2014.

-Pacientes con cáncer infantil de entre 0.5-18 años.

-Que aborden diferentes tipos de cáncer infantil.

-Artículos que utilicen masaje terapéutico o alguna de sus maniobras básicas como tratamiento.

Criterios de exclusión:

-Artículos que no se corresponden con el tipo de estudio analizado.

-Investigaciones que aborden otro tipo de cáncer que no sea el infantil.

-Estudios que no abordan el masaje terapéutico en el tratamiento.

Estrategia de búsqueda

La búsqueda se realizó en noviembre de 2014 en Pubmed, Cochrane, CSIC, Scopus, Pedro y Dialnet. Se utilizaron las combinaciones de términos Mesh: "cancer AND child AND massage"; "chemotehrapy AND child AND massage"; "cancer AND child AND touch"; "cancer AND paediatric AND massage"; "paediatric AND cancer AND touch"; "cancer AND anxiety AND massage AND children"; "leukemia AND child AND massage"; "neoplasm AND paediatric AND massage".

Selección de estudios

Se estableció una selección de artículos completos realizando la lectura del título y resumen. Los que superaron los criterios de inclusión se sometieron a una lectura completa para su análisis e inclusión. La calidad metodológica se analizó utilizando la escala Physiotherapy Evidence Data Base1212 Escala PEDro [Internet]. [Acceso 13 Abril 2015]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.pedro.org.au/spanish/downloads/pedro-scale/
http://www.pedro.org.au/spanish/download...
.

Calidad metodológica

Veáse Figura 1.

Figura 1
Calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos. Badajoz, EX, España, 2016

Resultados

Véase Figura 2.

Figura 2
Figura Prisma. Procedimiento de selección de los artículos en las búsquedas bibliográficas

Descripción de los estudios

Véase Figura 3.

Figura 3
Características de los estudios incluidos. Badajoz, EX, España, 2016

Características sociodemográficas

El tamaño de la muestra oscila entre N=171, del trabajo1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
con mayor muestra N=17 del trabajo1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
con la muestra más pequeña.

Los niños más pequeños1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
presentan edades desde 1 año y 6 meses. En uno de los trabajos1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
establecen la media, 6,9 años. En el resto los sujetos tienen edades entre 4 y 18 años1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

18 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
.

Grupos de intervención y tratamiento

Para la aplicación del tratamiento forman dos grupos, control e intervención1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

15 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

16 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...

17 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

18 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, excepto en uno de los estudios1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
que forman un grupo control y dos de intervención. En uno de los grupos de intervención se aplica terapia de masaje y humor y en el otro además de lo anterior los padres son instruidos en masaje y relajación. La intervención consistió en masaje aplicado sobre el cuerpo1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

14 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

15 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

16 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...

17 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

18 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
.

Técnicas

La mayoría utiliza masaje sueco1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

15 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

16 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
-1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, aplicando técnicas de effleurage, petrissage, fricciones y compresiones1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

14 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

18 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
con presión moderada. Las maniobras son aplicadas combinadamente1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

14 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

15 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

16 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...

17 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

18 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, predominando effleurage, petrissage y amasamiento digital1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
,1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
. Solo en un trabajo1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
aplicaron effleurage en piernas, terminando con estiramiento del tendón de Aquiles y movimientos circulares con dedos centrífugamente. Realizaron las técnicas con presiones ligera1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
, moderada1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
y firme1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
.

En algunos estudios1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
) emplean además técnica percusiva1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, fricción1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
y mil manos1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
.

Otros1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
añaden acupresión1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
e añaden intervenciones para la promoción de la salud1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, no especificando técnica de masaje ni lugar de aplicación.

Zonas de aplicación y frecuencia

En uno de los estudios1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
centraron la aplicación en piernas, pies y brazos. Mientras que otros1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
realizaron una secuencia, cara, cuello, hombros, espalda, estómago, piernas, pies, brazos y manos, son los únicos1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
que realizan masaje sueco en ambos decúbitos. En el resto fue aplicado en espalda, manos, piernas, pies1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
, incluyendo uno de ellos1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
cara y brazos. Dos investigaciones1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
no especifican la parte del cuerpo de aplicación.

Las intervenciones en todos los estudios fueron de quince1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
, veinte1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
y treinta minutos1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
,1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, siendo realizadas en una de las investigaciones1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
por los padres. En el resto por una enfermera1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
) o un masajista1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

14 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
con experiencia1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
.

El protocolo de tratamiento fue: tres sesiones1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
, 1 sesión/día durante un mes1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
, 3 sesiones/semana durante 41 días1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, 3 sesiones/semana durante 4 semanas1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
y 4 sesiones/semana1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
.

Tipo de cáncer

Cuatro estudios indican los tipos de cáncer, siendo los más frecuentes LLA1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
,1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
,1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
) , leucemia mieloide aguda (AML)1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, sarcomas y linfomas1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
, Hodgkin1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, tumores cerebrales1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
, tumor de Wilms1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
y sarcoma de Ewing1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
. El resto1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
no especifican.

Escalas

Para medir los efectos producidos utilizaron escalas de valoración1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

15 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

16 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...

17 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
) y cuestionarios(13,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
. Las escalas empleadas fueron:

-Visual Analogue Scale1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...

-Wong Baker FACES1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-Brief Pain Inventory1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...

-Pain Assessment Tool1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

-Escala enumerada de 0-31715 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-Baxter Animated Rating Face1715 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-The State Anxiety Inventory for Children1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

15 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...

-State Trait Anxiety Inventory1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-Lansky`s Play Performance Scale1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

-Profile of Mood States1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
,1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...

-The Children's Depression Inventory1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-Children`s Health Questionnairel1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-Benefit Finding Scale for Children1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

Los Cuestionarios1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
) fueron:

-Behavioral Affective and Somatic Scale1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-PedsQL Cancer Module.91919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-The Differential Emotions Scale1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

-Child Fatigue Scale1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

Resultados obtenidos

Cinco investigaciones abordan el dolor(13-15,18-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, pero solo tres1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
comprobaron que el masaje produce cambios en él. Una investigación1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
muestra una disminución del dolor media hora después de cada sesión. Emplearon masaje con presión con deslizamiento y movimientos circulares con dedos durante 20-30 minutos1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
. En uno de los trabajos1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
observaron una disminución significativa del dolor relacionado con la deambulación. Otros autores1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
indican una disminución del dolor muscular tras aplicar masaje sueco en pacientes infantiles hospitalizados y ambulatorios, con sesiones diarias los primeros y semanales los segundos de 20 minutos durante 4 semanas. Una investigación1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
) es la que muestra el mayor tiempo de mantenimiento de disminución del dolor, y lo hace combinando masaje y terapia de humor. En dos investigaciones1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
no se obtuvieron resultados favorables: en una de ellas1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
en niños que recibieron quimioterapia y 4 sesiones semanales de masaje aplicando effleurage, petrissage, técnica percusiva y mil manos, según la escala VAS y la en la otra1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, utilizando el cuestionario PedsQL Cancer Module que obtuvieron una disminución no estadísticamente significativa.

Solo en uno de los estudios incluidos1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, tras aplicar masaje sueco durante 20 minutos en tres sesiones, antes y 24 horas después de quimioterapia, consiguen retrasar la aparición de náuseas agudas y las que aparecen a las 24-72 horas. En otras dos investigaciones se ha observado que combinando masaje sueco y acupresión se incrementan los niveles de náuseas1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
o bien no se visualizan cambios respecto a su valoración basal1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
.

En uno de los trabajos1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
al realizar el masaje, en sesiones de 30 minutos, durante cuatro semanas, muestran una disminución del síndrome de estrés postraumático en 97 de los 171 niños de su estudio. Se mantuvo desde el primer día hasta la última valoración. No especifican lugar de aplicación.

Tres investigaciones abordan la depresión1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
. Todas coinciden en que la intervención con masaje produce una disminución, pero varía la aplicación. En uno de los estudios1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
combinan masaje sueco y acupresión en sesiones de 20-30 minutos durante 41 días. En otra1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
el masaje es realizado por los padres antes de acostarse durante de 15 minutos a lo largo de un mes. En el tercer estudio1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
muestran disminución de la misma aplicando masaje sueco durante 20 minutos en niños entre 6 meses y 17 años. La frecuencia en pacientes hospitalizados fue diaria y en ambulatorios semanal.

En un trabajo1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
obtienen una disminución en la ansiedad según la escala STAIC en niños con LLA. Otros autores1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
lo consiguen aplicando effleurage, petrissage y pases suaves con la punta de los dedos, durante 30 minutos en cuatro sesiones consiguen disminuir la ansiedad para edades entre 1 y 13 años en la cuarta sesión.

Una investigación1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
aborda los efectos en el sistema inmunitario aplicando masaje terapéutico en todo el cuerpo con las técnicas de effleurage, petrissage y movimientos circulares en decúbito supino y prono, observando desde el primer día un incremento de glóbulos blancos y neutrófilos, manteniéndose 30 días.

Dos investigaciones indican que la frecuencia respiratoria disminuye empleando effleurage, petrissage, compresiones y fricciones1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

15 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

16 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...

17 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

18 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...

19 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

20 Revuelta- Iniesta R, Wilson ML, White K, Stewart L, McKenzie JM, Wilson DC. Complementary and alternative medicine usage in Scottish children and adolescents during cancer treatment. Complement Ther Clin Pract. [Internet]. 2014. [cited April 13, 2015]; 20 (4): 197-202. Available from: Available from: http://www.ctcpjournal.com/article/S1744-3881(14)00040-1/pdf
http://www.ctcpjournal.com/article/S1744...

21 Bishop FL, Prescott P, Chan YK, Saville J, Von Elm E, Lewith GT. Prevalence of complementary medicine use in pediatric cancer: a systematic review. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2010. [cited April 13, 2015];125 (4): 768-76. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308209
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308...

22 Valadares MT, Mota JA, de Olivera BM. Palliative care in pediatric hematological oncology patients: experience of a tertiary hospital. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. [Internet]. 2014. [cited April 13, 2015]; 36 (6): 403-8. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318475/pdf/main.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

23 Han JH, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Lee YJ, Sung YH. Effects of therapeutic massage on gait and pain after delayed onset muscle soreness. J Exerc Rehabil. [Internet]. 2004. [cited April 12, 2015]; 10 (2): 136-40. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025548/pdf/jer-10-2-136-15.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

24 Toth M, Marcantonio ER, Davis RB, Walton T, Kahn JR, Phillips RS. Massage therapy for patients with metastatic cancer: a pilot randomized cotrolled trial. J Altern Complement Med. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 13, 2015]; 19 (7): 650-6. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3700435/pdf/acm.2012.0466.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

25 Feeney K, Cain M, Nowak AK. Chemotherapy induces nausea and vomiting-prevention and treatment. Aust Fam Physician. [Internet]. 2007. [cited April 11, 2015]; 36 (9): 702-6. Available from: Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-treatment-of-chemotherapy-induced-nausea-and-vomiting-in-adults
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevent...

26 Fritz S. Fundamentos del masaje terapéutico. Barcelona: Paidotribo; 2001. 500 p.

27 Thrane S. Effectiveness of integrative modalities for pain and anxiety in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs . [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 13, 2015]; 30 (6): 320-32. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109717/pdf/nihms577633.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

28 Taylor AG, Snyder AE, Anderson JG, Brown CJ, Densmore JJ, Bourguignon C. Gentle massage improves Disease and treatment related symptoms in patients with Acute Myelogeneus Leukemia. J Clin Trials. [Internet]. 2014. [cited April 13, 2015]; 4: 1-18. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266937/pdf/nihms597751.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

29 Babaee S, Shafiei Z, Sadeghi MM, Nik AY, Valiani M. Effectiveness of massage therapy on the mood patients after open-heart surgery. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res . [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 17 (2 Suppl 1): 120-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3696961
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

30 Gottschling S, Meyer S, Längler A, Scharifi G, Ebinger F, Gronwald B. Differences in use of complementary and alternative medicine between children and adolescents with cancer in Germany: a population based survey. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(3):488-92. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24769
https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24769...

31 Roth M, Lin J, Kim M, Moody K. Pediatric oncologists' views toward the use of complementary and alternative medicine in children with cancer. J Pediatr Hematol. Oncol. 2009;31(3):177-82. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181984f5a.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e318198...

32 Çelebioğlu A, Gürol A, Yildirim ZK, Büyükavci M. Effects of massage therapy on pain and anxiety arising from intrathecal therapy or bone marrow aspiration in children with cancer. Int J Nurs Pract. [Internet]. 2015. [cited March 7, 2017];21(6):797-804. Available from: Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24689780
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2468...
-1514 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
. En una de ellas1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
) aplican masaje con crema y en la otra1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, el masaje lo aplica un terapeuta en manos, pies, brazos, hombros y espalda durante 20 minutos con crema.

Sólo uno de los trabajos1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
muestra una disminución significativa de la frecuencia cardiaca al finalizar el tratamiento tras 4 sesiones.

Discusión

Tras el análisis observamos que el masaje fue realizado en la mayoría de los casos por masajistas1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

14 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...

18 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
salvo en uno de los estudios en el cuál lo aplicaron los padres1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
. Esto puede hacer pensar que si las intervenciones hubieran sido realizadas por fisioterapeutas los resultados hubieran sido diferentes.

Los participantes tienen edades comprendidas entre 6 meses1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
y 18 años1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
,1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
. Este rango coincide con los de otras investigaciones2020 Revuelta- Iniesta R, Wilson ML, White K, Stewart L, McKenzie JM, Wilson DC. Complementary and alternative medicine usage in Scottish children and adolescents during cancer treatment. Complement Ther Clin Pract. [Internet]. 2014. [cited April 13, 2015]; 20 (4): 197-202. Available from: Available from: http://www.ctcpjournal.com/article/S1744-3881(14)00040-1/pdf
http://www.ctcpjournal.com/article/S1744...

21 Bishop FL, Prescott P, Chan YK, Saville J, Von Elm E, Lewith GT. Prevalence of complementary medicine use in pediatric cancer: a systematic review. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2010. [cited April 13, 2015];125 (4): 768-76. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308209
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308...
-2222 Valadares MT, Mota JA, de Olivera BM. Palliative care in pediatric hematological oncology patients: experience of a tertiary hospital. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. [Internet]. 2014. [cited April 13, 2015]; 36 (6): 403-8. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318475/pdf/main.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
similares. Aunque la interpretación debe realizarse prudentemente ya que en alguno casos1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
,1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
la recogida de datos ha sido realizada por los padres, pudiendo sesgar los resultados.

La muestra es reducida, 17-52 pacientes1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...

15 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
,1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
-1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, lo que dificulta la extracción de resultados significativos, a excepción de dos de las investigaciones1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
,1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
con muestras de 70 y 171 pacientes respectivamente.

En uno de los trabajos1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
muestran una disminución del dolor en la deambulación en niños entre 10 y 18 años, en otros estudios se ha observado una disminución del dolor muscular tras la aplicación de masaje sueco durante 20 minutos1519 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
) o bien como esa mejora se mantiene a largo plazo1313 Phipps S, Peasant C, Barrera M, Alderfer MA, Huanq Q, Vannatta K. Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: results of a complementary intervention trial. Pediatrics. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 129 (3): 762-70. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289525/pdf/peds.2011-1816.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
. A pesar de mostrar los 3 estudios anteriores una mejora en el dolor lo consiguen utilizando técnicas diferentes, pudiendo establecerse distintas pautas de tratamiento para obtener iguales beneficios.

La disminución del dolor en este estudio1818 Batalha LM, Mota AA. Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol. J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 12, 2015];89 (6): 595-600. Available from: Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/1-s2.0-S0021755713001654-main.pdf?_tid=1e3b6362-54f4-11e6-904d-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1469731993_b339159ff86ca7340e15330bd8950ac1
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021755713001654/...
pudo deberse a que las técnicas se aplicaron en la zona dorso-lumbar, piernas y pies. Aquí se produce mayor oxigenación y relajación muscular99 Vázquez J. Manual profesional del masaje. Badalona: Paidotribo; 2009. p. 1-21.,2323 Han JH, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Lee YJ, Sung YH. Effects of therapeutic massage on gait and pain after delayed onset muscle soreness. J Exerc Rehabil. [Internet]. 2004. [cited April 12, 2015]; 10 (2): 136-40. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025548/pdf/jer-10-2-136-15.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
que permite mejorar indirectamente de la deambulación.

En otro de los trabajos analizados1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
) la aplicación del masaje se realizó en pacientes hospitalizados y ambulatorios. Aquellos que recibían sesiones diarias (hospitalizados) percibieron un nivel de relajación mayor y menor sensación de dolor. Por otro lado, la valoración a través de escalas observacionales en niños menores de dos años eran realizadas por los padres, lo que ha podido originar una mala interpretación por no estar familiarizados con los de instrumentos de evaluación. Estos beneficios se pueden conseguir tanto en pacientes hospitalizados como ambulatorios y mediante el empleo de diferentes técnicas como masaje sueco y la técnica de movimientos circulares con dedos. Esto es compartido por otros estudios1010 Falkensteiner M, Mantovan F, Müller I, Them C. The use of massage therapy for reducing pain, anxiety, and depression in oncological palliative care patients: a narrative review of the literature. ISRN Nurs. [Internet].2011. [cited April 11, 2015]; 929868. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3168862/pdf/NURSING2011-929868.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
-1111 Jane SW, Wilkie DJ, Gallucci BB, Beaton RD, Huang HY. Effects of a full-body massage on pain intensity, anxiety, and physiological relaxation in Taiwanese patients with metastatic bone pain: a pilot study. J Pain Symptom Manage. [Internet].2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 37 (4): 754-63. Available from: Available from: http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(08)00561-7/fulltext
http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885...
,2424 Toth M, Marcantonio ER, Davis RB, Walton T, Kahn JR, Phillips RS. Massage therapy for patients with metastatic cancer: a pilot randomized cotrolled trial. J Altern Complement Med. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 13, 2015]; 19 (7): 650-6. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3700435/pdf/acm.2012.0466.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
) no presentes en esta revisión. En ese sentido, han empleado masaje sueco en pacientes adultos con metástasis óseas1111 Jane SW, Wilkie DJ, Gallucci BB, Beaton RD, Huang HY. Effects of a full-body massage on pain intensity, anxiety, and physiological relaxation in Taiwanese patients with metastatic bone pain: a pilot study. J Pain Symptom Manage. [Internet].2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 37 (4): 754-63. Available from: Available from: http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(08)00561-7/fulltext
http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885...
,2424 Toth M, Marcantonio ER, Davis RB, Walton T, Kahn JR, Phillips RS. Massage therapy for patients with metastatic cancer: a pilot randomized cotrolled trial. J Altern Complement Med. [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 13, 2015]; 19 (7): 650-6. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3700435/pdf/acm.2012.0466.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
) o masaje terapéutico en pacientes adultos de cuidados paliativos1010 Falkensteiner M, Mantovan F, Müller I, Them C. The use of massage therapy for reducing pain, anxiety, and depression in oncological palliative care patients: a narrative review of the literature. ISRN Nurs. [Internet].2011. [cited April 11, 2015]; 929868. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3168862/pdf/NURSING2011-929868.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
, disminuyendo el dolor.

Teniendo en cuenta lo expuesto por algunos autores2525 Feeney K, Cain M, Nowak AK. Chemotherapy induces nausea and vomiting-prevention and treatment. Aust Fam Physician. [Internet]. 2007. [cited April 11, 2015]; 36 (9): 702-6. Available from: Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-treatment-of-chemotherapy-induced-nausea-and-vomiting-in-adults
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevent...
pensamos que al haber realizado dos sesiones, media hora y 24 horas antes de la aplicación, los efectos del masaje podrían haber influido en las náuseas agudas y retardadas. Esta disminución podrían deberse a la activación indirecta del sistema nervioso2626 Fritz S. Fundamentos del masaje terapéutico. Barcelona: Paidotribo; 2001. 500 p. contrarrestando la secreción de serotonina, producida por la quimioterapia2525 Feeney K, Cain M, Nowak AK. Chemotherapy induces nausea and vomiting-prevention and treatment. Aust Fam Physician. [Internet]. 2007. [cited April 11, 2015]; 36 (9): 702-6. Available from: Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-treatment-of-chemotherapy-induced-nausea-and-vomiting-in-adults
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevent...
, dando lugar a la reducción de náuseas y vómitos. Este beneficio no es compartido por otro estudios incluidos1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
en esta revisión, que con aplicaciones de masaje sueco y acupresión, aunque aplican el mismo número de sesiones1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
no consiguieron demostrar la disminución de náuseas y vómitos. El masaje1919 Mehling WE, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Cowan MJ, Horn BN, Dunn EA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: results from a pilot randomized control trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 13, 2015];1-9. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292254/pdf/ECAM2012-450150.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
fue realizado en pies, brazos piernas, espalda y cintura escapular, sin embargo, en uno de los trabajos1717 Mazlum S, Chaharsoughi NT, Banihashem A, Vashani HB. The effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. [Internet]. 2003. [cited April 11, 2015]; 18 (4): 280-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872861/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
no especifican las zonas de aplicación por lo que no podemos considerar el lugar de aplicación del masaje como uno de los motivos por los cuales no se produjeron beneficios.

La literatura consultada2727 Thrane S. Effectiveness of integrative modalities for pain and anxiety in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs . [Internet]. 2013. [cited April 13, 2015]; 30 (6): 320-32. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109717/pdf/nihms577633.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
muestra que una de las técnicas empleadas para la reducción de la ansiedad en niños con cáncer es el masaje. Varias investigaciones han demostrado una disminución de la ansiedad aplicando masaje sueco en pacientes adultos con AML2828 Taylor AG, Snyder AE, Anderson JG, Brown CJ, Densmore JJ, Bourguignon C. Gentle massage improves Disease and treatment related symptoms in patients with Acute Myelogeneus Leukemia. J Clin Trials. [Internet]. 2014. [cited April 13, 2015]; 4: 1-18. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266937/pdf/nihms597751.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
) o en pacientes con intervenciones coronarias2929 Babaee S, Shafiei Z, Sadeghi MM, Nik AY, Valiani M. Effectiveness of massage therapy on the mood patients after open-heart surgery. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res . [Internet]. 2012. [cited April 11, 2015]; 17 (2 Suppl 1): 120-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3696961
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
.

Coinciden con estos resultados algunos de los estudios analizados1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
-1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
. El primero1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
utiliza masaje sueco mientras que el segundo1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
, solo coincide con la investigación anterior1515 Haun JN, Granham-Pole J, Shortley B. Children with cancer and blood diseases experience positive physical and psychological effects from massage therapy. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. [Internet].2009. [cited April 13, 2015]; 2 (2): 7-14. Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091462/pdf/ijtmb-2-2-7.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles...
en dos de las técnicas, effleurage y petrissage. Podemos considerar que son las más idóneas para reducir la ansiedad. La reducción en una de las investigaciones1414 Post- White J, Fitzgerald M, Savik K, Hooke MC, Hannahan AB, Sencer SF. Massage therapy for children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. [Internet]. 2009. [cited April 11, 2015]; 26 (1): 16-28. Available from: Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay_Savik/publication/23655253_Massage_Therapy_for_Children_With_Cancer/links/0912f510fe9561c023000000.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kay...
ocurre en pacientes entre 1 y 13 años, sobre todo tras la cuarta sesión. Pensamos que la disminución en la cuarta sesión podría haber sucedido porque los efectos del masaje eran más evidentes que durante las primeras sesiones y los pacientes se encontraran más relajados, mejorando su estado anímico. Con respecto a la diferencia según la edad, consideramos que utilizar diferentes escalas de evaluación puede influir en la obtención e interpretación de los resultados.

En uno de los trabajos1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
) los autores muestran que aplicando varias técnicas de masaje en niños con LLA antes de acostarse durante 30 días, aumentan neutrófilos y glóbulos blancos. Esto puede deberse a la realización de varias técnicas en distintas posiciones abarcando mayor superficie y por tanto mayores beneficios. Otro factor que pudo influir pudo ser la forma de aplicación, según la evidencia médica(9) al realizar el masaje en centrífugamente se consigue una estimulación. Por todo ello, podríamos considerar que la combinación de estos factores, mejora flujo sanguíneo, aumentando volumen sanguíneo, y llegando así los estímulos recibidos hasta la médula para mejorar la producción de las células sanguíneas1616 Field T, Cullen C, Diego M, Hernandez- Reif M, Sprinz P, Beebe K, et al. Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. [Internet]. 2001. [cited April 13, 2015]; 5 (4): 271-4. Available from: Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859201902281
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...
. Se podría considerar la terapia de masaje como una técnica complementaria para mantener el sistema inmune en condiciones óptimas.

Estudios consultados3030 Gottschling S, Meyer S, Längler A, Scharifi G, Ebinger F, Gronwald B. Differences in use of complementary and alternative medicine between children and adolescents with cancer in Germany: a population based survey. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(3):488-92. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24769
https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24769...
-3131 Roth M, Lin J, Kim M, Moody K. Pediatric oncologists' views toward the use of complementary and alternative medicine in children with cancer. J Pediatr Hematol. Oncol. 2009;31(3):177-82. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181984f5a.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e318198...
concluyen en la necesidad de los pacientes infantiles oncológicos de recibir otro tipo de tratamiento adicional carente de efectos secundarios y con efectos beneficiosos para su salud, entre los que se encuentra el masaje. Es necesario una, mayor formación de los profesionales3131 Roth M, Lin J, Kim M, Moody K. Pediatric oncologists' views toward the use of complementary and alternative medicine in children with cancer. J Pediatr Hematol. Oncol. 2009;31(3):177-82. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181984f5a.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e318198...
en este tipo de terapia así como mayor número de estudios para evidenciar los efectos de la misma.

Estudios más recientes3232 Çelebioğlu A, Gürol A, Yildirim ZK, Büyükavci M. Effects of massage therapy on pain and anxiety arising from intrathecal therapy or bone marrow aspiration in children with cancer. Int J Nurs Pract. [Internet]. 2015. [cited March 7, 2017];21(6):797-804. Available from: Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24689780
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2468...
corroboran los resultados de esta revisión. Existe evidencia preliminar de la eficacia en niños de masaje para reducir el dolor y la ansiedad derivados de la terapia intratecal o aspiración de médula ósea. Siendo esta la única investigación encontrada referente al tema tratado en el periodo comprendido entre 2014 y 2107.

Así pues las limitaciones del estudio nacen de la escasez de estudios que muestren la eficacia de esta terapia en los pacientes afectados por cáncer así como la escasez de la muestra en los estudios analizados con tamaños muestrales tan reducidos no se pueden extrapolar los resultados al total de la población de niños con cáncer.

Conclusión

En función de los estudios publicados los efectos del masaje terapéutico en niños con cáncer que reciben quimioterapia y otros tratamientos son una disminución del dolor, náuseas, vómitos, estrés postraumático, depresión y ansiedad y un aumento de glóbulos blancos y neutrófilos.

Es necesario seguir investigando para poder observar beneficios, establecer protocolos y extrapolar resultados, para mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.

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Fechas de Publicación

  • Publicación en esta colección
    2017

Histórico

  • Recibido
    19 Ago 2016
  • Acepto
    26 Mar 2017
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