Machining of Ti-45Nb alloy for manufacturing dental implants – experimental study

ABSTRACT

Titanium alloys, especially Ti-6Al-4V, are used in biomedical applications. However, elements such as alumi-num and vanadium can present cytotoxic effects, stimulating the search for new alloys. The Ti-45Nb alloy has high potential for use in dental implants, due to its low modulus of elasticity, high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Despite these properties, studies on its machinability are scarce. This experimental work aimed to characterize the microstructure, elemental composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties, as well as to evaluate the machinability of the Ti-45Nb alloy. Samples were obtained in solid bars and prepared by metallography. The microstructure was revealed and analyzed by optical microscopy, SEM/EDS and XRD. Microhardness tests followed ASTM standards, with statistical analysis by ANOVA. Machining was performed by CNC turning using specific milling cutters and parameters. Results showed a single-phase β microstructure, average hardness of 187 HV and Young's modulus of 62 GPa. Machining was effective, obtaining roughness and finish comparable to conventional Ti-Cp implants. The geometry of the manufactured implants corresponded to the original design. It is concluded that the Ti-45Nb alloy presents suitable properties for application in dental implants. Future studies should explore biological aspects and ideal machining parameters, aiming to optimize the clinical performance of the alloy.

Keywords
Titanium; Machining; Biomaterial; Dental implant