Sequestration of lead ion pollutants onto copper doped activated carbon nanoparticles derived from Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean husk)

ABSTRACT

Lead is a hazardous heavy metal known for its severe health impacts, including its association with cancer. In this study, copper-doped activated carbon was synthesized using copper acetate and bean husk, activated chemically through potassium hydroxide (KOH). The data was fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model more accurately than by any other isotherm, and the adsorption capacity of Cu-AC nanoparticles was found to be 94.339 mg/g. For the removal of lead ions over Cu-AC nano-adsorbent, when comparing the values of qe calculated and qe experimental. Activated copper doped carbon has the capacity to operate as an adsorbent in the treatment of lead metal ion pollution and other associated heavy metal ion pollutants. Surface chemistry analysis identified hydroxyl, amino, aromatic, and carbonyl functional groups. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed interconnected mesoporous structures with numerous open pores. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the sorption process aligned. The maximum adsorption capacity was recorded at 94.339 mg/g, with a significant desorption efficiency using HCl as the desorbing agent. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the lead ion removal occurred primarily through a physisorption mechanism.

Keywords:
Adsorption; Pb (II) ion; Copper doped activated carbon nanoparticles; Kinetics Thermodynamics