Activated carbon quality produced by <i>Tectona grandis</i> wastes: activation methods and adsorption capacity

Lima, Rafaeli Valério de; Araújo, Ana Clara Caxito de; Pego, Matheus Felipe Freire; Soares, Bruno Charles Dias; Bianchi, Maria Lúcia; Trugilho, Paulo Fernando

doi:10.1590/S1517-707620200004.1191

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Articles • Matéria (Rio J.) 25 (04) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620200004.1191 copy

Activated carbon quality produced by Tectona grandis wastes: activation methods and adsorption capacity

Qualidade de carvão ativado produzido por resíduos de Tectona grandis: métodos de ativação e capacidade de adsorção

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Activated carbons (AC) are high porosity and adsorptive carbonaceous materials. These adsorbents can be produced using different organic materials. Precursor material properties may impact their quality. This study aimed to produce activated carbon from Tectona grandis wood wastes, besides determining efficiency in adsorption of different pollutants. Chemical activation, with ZnCl₂ (AC_ZnCl₂) and CuSO₄ (AC_CuSO₄), and physical activation, with CO₂ (AC_CO₂) were performed. Activated carbons were characterized by FTIR, surface functional groups (Boehm) and surface area analysis. Moreover, ACs were tested regarding adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB), phenol and Cr⁺⁶ ions in aqueous medium. Higher total pore volume (0.62 cm³ g^-¹), micropore volume (0.31 cm³ g^-¹) and surface area (524.50 m² g^-¹) were obtained in AC_ZnCl₂, which was also the most effective in MB and phenol adsorption. AC_CuSO₄ obtained high adsorption capacity for phenol and presented functional groups different from the other AC. AC_CO₂ was the second with better adsorption performance for all pollutants.

Keywords
Activation process; Adsorbent; Forest wastes; Raw material

FUNCTIONAL GROUP (mmol g^-1)	ACTIVATED CARBON
FUNCTIONAL GROUP (mmol g^-1)	AC_CO₂	AC_ZnCl₂	AC_CuSO₄
Total acidity	1.0596	1.1518	1.2911
Carboxylic acids	0.7222	0.7937	0.8215
Lactones	0.3082	0.2664	0.2624
Phenols	0.0293	0.0917	0.2072

ACTIVATED CARBONS	BET ANALYSIS (m² g^-¹)	ESTIMATED BET (m² g^-¹)	S_MB (m² g^-¹)	IODINE INDEX (mg g^-¹)	TOTAL PORE VOLUME (cm³ g^-¹)	MICROPORE VOLUME (cm³ g^-¹)
AC_CO₂	277.90	344 ± 37	261.01	268.92	0.42 ± 0.05	0.09 ± 0.01 (21)^* * Values in parentheses indicate micropore volume percentage regarding total pore volume.
AC_ZnCl₂	524.50	680 ± 74	420.30	724.95	0.62 ± 0.08	0.31 ± 0.05 (50)
AC_CuSO₄	272.50	372 ± 40	58.46	367.44	0.23 ± 0.03	0.10 ± 0.01 (43)

ADSORBATE	ACTIVATED CARBON	ADS/AREA	LANGMUIR PARAMETERS					FREUNDLICH PARAMETERS
ADSORBATE	ACTIVATED CARBON	mg m^-²	q_m	ℇ	K_L	ℇ	R²	K_F	ℇ	1/n	ℇ	R²
MB	AC_CO₂	0.49	135.24	118.48	0.00	0.04	0.70	1.74	1.74	0.64	0.15	0.91
	AC_ZnCl₂	0.41	217.77	11.31	0.05	0.01	0.97	41.16	10.32	0.26	0.04	0.93
	AC_CuSO₄	0.11	30.29	11.96	0.00	0.00	0.58	1.63	1.21	0.40	0.12	0.70
Phenol	AC_CO₂	0.25	70.55	5.91	0.03	0.01	0.86	16.74	2.77	0.22	0.02	0.94
	AC_ZnCl₂	0.35	184.82	15.69	0.02	0.01	0.96	22.24	2.92	0.32	0.04	0.99
	AC_CuSO₄	0.24	65.37	9.34	0.01	0.00	0.75	8.18	2.11	0.32	0.02	0.93
Cr⁺⁶	AC_CO₂	0.15	43.00	48.21	0.00	0.00	0.64	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.38	0.93
	AC_ZnCl₂	0.13	67.94	17.77	0.00	0.00	0.77	1.36	0.01	1.36	0.17	0.96
	AC_CuSO₄	0.10	29.00	39.50	0.00	0.00	0.71	0.01	0.69	0.01	0.08	0.97

Laboratório de Hidrogênio, Coppe - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, em cooperação com a Associação Brasileira do Hidrogênio, ABH2 Av. Moniz Aragão, 207, 21941-594, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel: +55 (21) 3938-8791 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: revmateria@gmail.com

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[1] Autor Responsável: Rafaeli Valério de Lima