Pedroni-Pereira et al. [1515 Pedroni-Pereira A, Araujo DS, Scudine KGO, Prado DGA, Lima DANL, Castelo PM. Chewing in adolescents with overweight and obesity: an exploratory study with behavioral approach. Appetite. 2016;107:527-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.08....
] |
231 |
14 to 17 |
• Qualitative evaluation of mastication/Questionnaire “Quality of Masticatory Function” • Orofacial myofunctional evaluation. • Evaluation of masticatory performance • Bite Force Assessment • Oral Clinical Evaluation |
• Food Consistency and eating Habits • Color change in a chewing gum • Maximum bite force • Protocol OMES-e, domain “mastication” • Presence of dental caries and malocclusion. |
Girls with overweight/obesity (compared to normal weight girls): • Need to add liquid to food and consumption of fruit in small pieces. • Unilateral mastication. Girls and boys with overweight/obesity (compared to normal weight boys and girls): • There were no changes in masticatory performance. • They did not show differences in maximum bite force. • There were no differences related to the presence of dental caries and malocclusion. |
Araujo et al. [2222 Araujo DS, Marquezin MCS, Barbosa TDS, Gavião MBD, Castelo PM. Evaluation of masticatory parameters in overweight and obese children. Eur J Orthod. 2016;38(4):393-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjv092 https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjv092...
] |
204 |
8 to 10 |
• Qualitative evaluation of mastication/Questionnaire “Food Type Verification Protocol” • Bite Force Assessment • Oral Clinical Evaluation |
• Food Consistency and eating Habits • Maximum bite force • Presence of dental caries and malocclusion |
Girls and boys with overweight and with obesity (compared to eutrophic boys and girls): • There were no changes in the consistency of the food consumed. Girls and boys with higher BMI (through a correlation test). Less bite force. • Greater need for orthodontic treatment. |
Soares et al. [2323 Soares ME, Ramos-Jorge ML, Alencar BM, Marques LS, Pereira LJ, Ramos-Jorge J. Factors associated with masticatory performance among preschool children. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(1):159-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1768-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1768-...
] |
279 |
3 to 5 |
• Qualitative evaluation of mastication/Food Registry for three days • Evaluation of masticatory performance • Oral Clinical Evaluation |
• Food Consistency • Median particle size (X50) of a chewable material for masticatory function tests (Optocal) • Presence of cavitated teeth and malocclusion |
Girls and boys with higher BMI (through a regression test): • Those who consumed more liquid foods presented worse masticatory performance. • Larger median food particle size (X50) expelled after twenty masticatory cycles. • Greater number of cavitated teeth (both anterior and posterior) |
Sato & Yoshiiken [1414 Sato N, Yoshiike N. Factors associated with the masticatory behavior of children assessed by the number of chews for a test meal of usual school lunch menu. Japanese J Nutr Diet. 2010;68(4):253-62. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.68.253 https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.68...
] |
61 |
5 to 6 |
• Qualitative evaluation of mastication/Questionnaire formulated by the authors • Evaluation of masticatory performance • Bite Force Assessment • Oral Clinical Evaluation |
• Eating Habits • Number of masticatory cycles, meal time and masticatory frequency • Maximum bite force • Presence of dental caries and malocclusion |
Girls and boys with higher degree of obesity (through a correlation test): • They spent more time swallowing food and swallowing without chewing properly. • Less meal time and fewer masticatory cycles. • No changes were observed in the occlusion force. • There were no differences related to the presence of dental caries and malocclusion. |
Sun et al. [2424 Sun KT, Chen SC, Li YF, Chiang HH, Tsai HH, Li CY, et al. Bite-force difference among obese adolescents in central Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2016;115(6):404-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2015.05.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2015.05.0...
] |
577 |
13 to 16 |
• Bite Force Assessment |
• Maximum bite force |
Girls with obesity: • Higher bite force than underweight and normal weight girls Overweight Boys: • Higher bite force than underweight, normal weight and obesity boys |
Berlese et al. [1919 Berlese DB, Copetti F, Weimmann ARM, Ferreira PF, Haefffner LSB. Myofunctional characteristics and electromyographic of obese children and adolescents. Rev Cefac. 2013;15(4):913-21. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462013000400020 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-1846201300...
] |
28 |
8 to 16 |
• Orofacial myofunctional evaluation • Electromyographic evaluation |
• Protocol OMES – All domains • Electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles |
Girls and boys with obesity (Compared to each other): • Orofacial myofunctional characteristics within normality • There was no difference in the mean electric activity of the muscles during rest, mastication, and swallowing |
Soares et al. [1313 Soares ME, Ramos-Jorge ML, Alencar BM, Oliveira SG, Pereira LJ, Ramos-Jorge J. Influence of masticatory function, dental caries and socioeconomic status on the body mass index of preschool children. Arch Oral Biol. 2017;81:69-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.032 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.20...
] |
285 |
3 to 5 |
• Evaluation of masticatory performance • Evaluation of the deglutition threshold • Oral Clinical Evaluation |
• Median particle size (X50) of a chewable material for masticatory function tests (Optocal) • Median particle size (X50) expelled before the desire to swallow the chewable material (Optocal) • Presence of dental caries and malocclusion |
Girls and boys with higher BMI (through a regression test): • Larger median food particle size (X50) expelled after twenty masticatory cycles • Larger median food particle size (X50) during the evaluation of the swallowing threshold Girls and boys with lower BMI (through a regression test): • Less amount of dental caries |
Souza & Guedes [2020 Souza NC, Guedes ZCF. Mastigação e deglutição de crianças e adolescentes obesos. Rev Cefac. 2016;18(6):1340-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201618617015 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02162016186...
] |
50 |
9 to 18 |
• Orofacial myofunctional evaluation |
• Protocol OMES-e – All domains |
Girls and boys with obesity (compared to eutrophic boys and girls): • Worse performance in the aspects of tonicity and mobility of the cheeks |
De Morais Tureli et al. [2525 De Morais Tureli MC, De Souza Barbosa T, Gavião MBD. Associations of masticatory performance with body and dental variables in children. Pediatr Dent. 2010;32(4):283-8.] |
97 |
8 to 12 |
• Evaluation of masticatory performance |
• Median particle size (X50) of a chewable material for masticatory function tests (Optocal) |
Girls and boys with overweight/obesity (compared to boys and girls with normal weight and underweight): • Larger median food particle size (X50) expelled after twenty masticatory cycles |