Werneck
et al. (2018)
[21] |
Cross-sectional |
100.839 teenagers from public and private schools in Brazil |
Insomnia assessed by the question: “Over the past 12 months, how often did you have insomnia due to a worry?
(A) Never; (B) Rarely; (C) Sometimes; (D) Often; (E) Very often.”
Insomnia rating for reports of often and very often |
UPF consumption assessed by intake in the last week
(0 times, 1 to 3 times and more than 4 times) |
No association between UPF consumption and sleep variables
↑ Total time watching television and total sitting time associated with insomnia |
NA |
Sousa
et al. (2020)
[16] |
Cross-sectional |
2.499 teenagers aged 18 to 19, from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil |
Sleep quality assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which investigates subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances and use of sleeping medications (scores from 0 to 4 = good sleep quality; scores above 4 = poor sleep quality) |
FFQ |
UPF consumption associated with poor sleep quality |
NR |
Costa
et al. (2021)
[22] |
Cross-sectional |
1.010 teenagers from schools in Florianópolis,
São José
and Palhoça (municipalities in the Greater Florianópolis mesoregion) in Santa Catarina, Brazil |
Usual sleep duration calculated by weighting weekend sleep duration by 2 and weekday sleep duration by 5 and dividing the resulting value by 7 |
R24h |
No association between UPF consumption and sleep variables
↑ UPF consumption associated with total sedentary behavior and inversely associated with total physical activity |
Salty fried foods, sweets, soft drinks, sausages and fast food |
Santos
et al. (2021)
[20] |
Cross-sectional |
1.384 teenagers aged 10 to 14, from public schools in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil |
Sleep restriction analyzed by bedtime and wake-up times on days with and without classes (short sleep duration = less than 9 hours/night)
Sleep quality assessed by subjective analysis of participants (poor and regular - negative quality;
good, very good, excellent and positive - positive quality) |
Multiple Source Method (MSM) program that uses R24h, food records and FFQ |
UPF consumption associated with short sleep duration in adolescents under 12 years of age |
Packaged snacks, fried snacks, baked snacks and pizzas, instant noodles, candies, lollipops, chewing gum,
caramel, gelatin |
Duraccio
et al. (2022)
[19] |
Experimental |
93 teenagers aged 14-17; 63% female |
Sleep duration assessed by actigraphy and nighttime diaries (short sleep - about 6.5 hours/ healthy sleep - about 9.5 hours) |
R24h |
↓ Sleep duration associated with greater consumption of UPF, carbohydrate grams, foods with higher glycemic load, and lower consumption of fruits and vegetables |
Sugary drinks |
Knébel
et al. (2022)
[15] |
Cross-sectional |
750 teenagers, 52.8% female, aged 10-16 from Florianópolis,
Santa Catarina,
Brazil |
Sleep duration assessed by the question “On average, how many hours do you sleep per day during the week and on weekends?” Answers between: <6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and >10 h |
Consumption assessed by the intake in the last seven days of five types of food (fruits, vegetables, salty snacks, sweets and sugary drinks) |
↑ UPF consumption associated with shorter sleep duration |
Chips, sweets and sugary drinks |
Lane
et al. (2022)
[14] |
Cross-sectional |
733 female adolescents aged 12-18 from schools in Mashhad and Sabzevar, northeastern Iran |
Insomnia assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire, stratified into four categories (0 – None, 1-mild, 2-moderate, 3-severe and 4-Very Severe).
Individuals are considered to have insomnia when their score is >7
Daytime sleepiness assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS-IR) – classification of sleepiness in eight daily situations from 0 to 3, with 0 indicating no daytime sleepiness and 24 indicating more excessive daytime sleepiness |
FFQ |
↑ UPF consumption associated with increased chances of insomnia |
Packaged industrialized breads, sausages and other reconstituted meat products, confectionery, ice cream, among others |
Silva
et al. (2022)
[12] |
Cross-sectional |
964 teenagers aged 18 to 19 from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil |
Sleep duration verified by accelerometry in hours |
FFQ |
No association between the degree of food processing and sleep duration in adolescents |
NA |
Oliveira
et al. (2023) [23] |
Cross-sectional |
432 teenagers aged 14 to 19, from public and private schools in Minas Gerais, Brazil. |
Sleep duration analyzed by hours of sleep in 24 hours (adequate sleep duration = 8 to 10 hours/day) |
FFQ and subsequent classification of foods into three groups, according to the degree of processing: natural or minimally processed foods, industrialized foods used as ingredients in culinary preparations and ultra-processed foods |
No association between UPF consumption and sleep variables
↓ Intake of natural or minimally processed foods associated with inadequate sleep duration
↑ UPF consumption was associated with high screen time |
Breads, cookies, ice cream, chocolates, candies/sweets, snacks, soft drinks, nuggets, hot dogs, hamburgers and sausages |
Associação entre indicadores da qualidade do sono e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em adolescentes
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Note: DESC: Descriptors; Lilacs: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde; MedLine: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online; SciELO: Scientific Electronic Library Online.