Aquisição da agricultura familiar em municípios do estado de São Paulo: a influência da gestão do Programa de Alimentação Escolar e características municipais

SOUZA, Vanessa Manfre Garcia de; VILLAR, Betzabeth Slater

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Sumário

Original • Rev Nutr 32 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e180083 copiar

Aquisição da agricultura familiar em municípios do estado de São Paulo: a influência da gestão do Programa de Alimentação Escolar e características municipais

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo

Descrever e analisar os aspectos da implementação da compra da agricultura familiar, de acordo com o tipo de gestão do Programa de Alimentação Escolar e características dos municípios do estado de São Paulo.

Métodos

Estudo transversal descritivo-analítico, com amostra de 25 municípios de São Paulo que compraram da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar, onde foram visitadas, em 2013, 105 escolas para verificar: conhecimento da Lei No.11.947/2009, divulgação do processo de compras, orientação sobre manejo dos alimentos ao diretor, melhorias na estrutura da cozinha, variedade de alimentos adquiridos e utilização ≤30% dos recursos do Programa na compra da agricultura familiar. Foram analisadas frequências absolutas e relativas, realizados o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste exato de Fisher (p<0,05).

Resultados

O conhecimento da Lei No.11.947/2009 foi mais frequente na gestão centralizada (p=0,010) e a divulgação do processo de compras, na escolarizada/mista (p=0,010); todos os municípios de gestão escolarizada/mista utilizaram ?30% dos recursos (p=0,015). Foi verificada maior frequência de divulgação do processo de compras em municípios com menos alunos (p=0,038) e menor Produto Interno Bruto (p=0,020); maior frequência de orientação sobre manejo dos alimentos em municípios pequenos (p=0,011), com menos escolas públicas (p=0,040), menor Produto Interno Bruto (p=0,003); a variedade de alimentos foi maior em municípios pequenos (p=0,027), com menos alunos (p=0,025), menor área (p=0,025), Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal médio (p=0,001).

Conclusão

O tipo de gestão do Programa de Alimentação Escolar e fatores municipais podem influenciar a implementação da compra da agricultura familiar.

Palavras-chave
Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional; Abastecimento de alimentos; Governo Local; Programas e Políticas de Nutrição e Alimentação

Data from the municipality and source	Variable	Category
Total population (No. of inhabitants) (IBGE, 2010)	Size of municipality	Small: up to 100,000
Total population (No. of inhabitants) (IBGE, 2010)	Size of municipality	Medium: 100,001 to 500,000
Number of public schools (INEP, 2012)	Number of public schools	≤10 (≤median)
Number of public schools (INEP, 2012)	Number of public schools	>10 (>median)
Number of students in state and municipal schools (INEP, 2012)	Number of students	≤1,798 (≤median)
	Number of students	>1,798 (>median)
Gross Domestic Product per capita (in reais) (IBGE, 2012)	GDP	≤17,275.06 (≤median)
Gross Domestic Product per capita (in reais) (IBGE, 2012)	GDP	>17,275.06 (>median)
Area (km²) of the municipality (IBGE, 2010)	Area	<315.27 (≤median)
Area (km²) of the municipality (IBGE, 2010)	Area	>315.27 (>median)
Municipal Human Development Index (IPEA, 2010)	MHDI	Medium
Municipal Human Development Index (IPEA, 2010)	MHDI	High
Basic Education Development Index – 4^th/5^th grade, municipal school (INEP, 2013)	BEDI	Reached goal
	BEDI	Did not reach goal

Variable	Municipality
Variable	(n=25)	%
Size of municipality ^a a Demographic Census [19]
Small	22	88.0
Medium	3	12.0
MHDI ^b b MHDI: Municipal Human Development Index; medium (0.600–0.699) and high (0.700–0.799) [20];
Medium	3	12.0
High	22	88.0
BEDI ^c c BEDI: Basic Education Development Index 4th/5th grade municipal school; goals are individual for each municipality and in agreement with the federal government [21]; ^* * n = 24;
Reached goal	13	54.0
Did not reach goal	11	46.0
GDP per capita ^d d GDP: Gross Domestic Product of municipalities per capita (in reais) [19]; ^ The category values represent the mean of the variable.
≤21,000	16	64.0
>21,000	9	36.0
Management type of PNAE
Centralized	20	80.0
School or Mixed	5	20.0
	Median	Min – Max
Number of public schools^e e Number of Basic Education Schools [21];	10	2 – 181
Number of students^f f Number of enrollments in the regular and adult education of state and municipal schools [21].	1,798	441 – 64,888
Territorial area (km²)^a a Demographic Census [19]	315.27	128.18 – 1,062.70

Variable	Management type of PNAE				p ^* * p-value Pearson’s chi-square test.
	Centralized (n=83)		School or Mixed (n=22)
	n	%	n	%
School leader knows the law
Yes	70	84.3	13	59.1	0.010
No	13	15.7	9	40.9
Disclosure of the purchasing process ^a a Centralized management n=74; school or mixed management n=21;
Yes	23	31.1	13	61.9	0.010
No	51	68.9	8	38.1
Guidance on food management ^b b Centralized management n=81;
Yes	29	35.8	8	36.4	0.961
No	52	64.2	14	63.6
Kitchen improvement ^c c Centralized management n=78 and school or mixed management n=21;
Yes	9	11.5	3	14.3	0.732
No	69	88.5	18	85.7
Greater variety of food from family farming ^d d Centralized management n=73 and school or mixed management n=20.
Yes	16	21.9	4	20.0	0.853
No	57	78.1	16	80.0

Variable of municipalities	Disclosure of the purchasing process (n=95)				p ^ p-value Pearson’s chi-square test;	Guidance on food management (n=103)				p ^ p-value Pearson’s chi-square test;
	Yes		No			Yes		No
	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
Size of municipality ^a a Demographic Census [19];
Small	32	39.0	50	61.0	0.569	36	40.9	52	59.1	0.011
Medium	4	30.8	9	69.2		1	06.7	14	93.3
Number of public schools ^b b Number of Basic Education Schools [21]; ^* * The category values represent the median of the variable;
≤10	18	46.2	21	53.8	0.166	20	47.6	22	52.4	0.040
>10	18	32.1	38	67.9		17	27.9	44	72.1
Number of students ^a c Number of enrollments in the regular and adult education of state and municipal schools [21]; ^* * The category values represent the median of the variable;
≤1,798	20	50.0	20	50.0	0.038	17	40.5	25	59.5	0.424
>1,798	16	29.1	39	70.9		20	32.3	41	67.2
GDP per capita (in reais)^d d GDP: Gross Domestic Product of municipalities per capita (in reais) [19]; ^* * The category values represent the median of the variable;
≤17,275.06	21	51.2	20	48.8	0.022	23	52.3	21	47.7	0.003
>17,275.06	15	27.8	39	72.2		14	23.7	45	76.3
Territorial area (km)² ^a a Demographic Census [19]; ^* * The category values represent the median of the variable;
≤315.27	16	41.0	23	59.0	0.610	15	34.9	28	65.1	0.852
>315.27	20	35.7	36	64.3		22	36.7	38	63.3
MHDI ^e e MHDI: Municipal Human Development Index; medium (0.600–0.699) and high (0.700–0.799) [20];
Medium	5	38.5	8	61.5	0.964	4	40.8	9	69.2	0.681
High	31	37.8	51	62.2		33	36.7	57	63.3
BEDI ^f f BEDI: Basic Education Development Index 4th/5th grade municipal school; goals are individual for each municipality and in agreement with the federal government [21]. ^* ***** n= 93.
Reached goal	16	31.4	35	68.6	0.109	24	44.4	30	55.6	0.067
Did not reach goal	20	47.6	22	52.4		12	26.7	33	73.3

Variables of municipalities	Kitchen improvement (n=99)						Greater variety of food from family farming (n=93)
	Yes		No		p ^ p-value Pearson’s chi-square test;		Yes			No		p ^ p-value Pearson’s chi-square test;
	n	%	n	%	p ^ p-value Pearson’s chi-square test;		n	%		n	%	p ^ p-value Pearson’s chi-square test;
Size of municipality ^a a Demographic Census [19];
Small	12	14.3	72	085.7	0.118		20	25.6		58	074.4	0.027
Medium	0	-	15	100.0		0	-		15	100.0
Number of public schools ^b b Number of Basic Education Schools [21]; ^* * The category values represent the median of the variable;
≤10	8	19.5	33	080.5	0.058		9	23.7		29	076.3	0.671
>10	4	06.9	54	093.1		11	20.0		44	080.0
Number of students ^c c Number of enrollments in the regular and adult education of state and municipal schools [21]; ^* * The category values represent the median of the variable;
≤1,798	8	19.1	34	080.9	0.071		13	32.5		27	067.5	0.025
>1,798	4	07.0	53	93		7	13.2		46	086.8
GDP per capita (in reais)^d d GDP: Gross Domestic Product of municipalities per capita (in reais) [19]; ^* * The category values represent the median of the variable;
≤17,275.06	8	18.6	35	081.4	0.083		11	28.2		28	071.8	0.181
>17,275.06	4	07.1	52	092.9		9	16.7		45	083.3
Territorial area (km²)a^* * The category values represent the median of the variable;
≤315.27	6	14.6	35	085.4	0.523		13	32.5		27	067.5	0.025
>315.27	6	10.3	52	089.7		7	13.2		46	086.8
MHDI^e e MHDI: Municipal Human Development Index; medium (0.600–0.699) and high (0.700–0.799) [20];
Medium	1	07.7	12	092.3	0.604		7	58.3		5	041.7	0.001
High	11	12.8	75	087.2		13	16.1		68	083.9
BEDI ^f f BEDI: Basic Education Development Index 4th/5th grade municipal school; goals are individual for each municipality and in agreement with the federal government [21]. ^* ***** n= 93.
Reached goal	7	08.9	44	091.1	0.458		9	18.7		39	081.3	0.404
Did not reach goal	4	13.7	41	086.3			11	26.2		31	073.8

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[1] Correspondence to: VMG SOUZA. E-mail: <vanessa.manfregs@gmail.com>