Consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados está relacionado a marcadores metabólicos em indivíduos em hemodiálise

WENDLING, Aline Lage; BALBINO, Karla Pereira; RIBEIRO, Priscila Vaz de Melo; EPIFÂNIO, Andreza de Paula Santos; MAROTA, Luciane Domingos; HERMSDORFF, Helen Hermana Miranda

Aline Lage WENDLING

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde. Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n., Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-921X

Karla Pereira BALBINO

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde. Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n., Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-5180

Priscila Vaz de Melo RIBEIRO

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde. Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n., Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6996-1796

Andreza de Paula Santos EPIFÂNIO

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde. Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n., Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4054-5315

Luciane Domingos MAROTA

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde. Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n., Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-450X

Helen Hermana Miranda HERMSDORFF Correspondence to: HHM Hermsdorff. E-mail: helenhermana@ufv.br.

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde. Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n., Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-6572

Correspondence to: HHM Hermsdorff. E-mail: helenhermana@ufv.br.

CONTRIBUTORS

AL Wendling, is main author of the article, responsible for data collection, data analysis and article elaboration. KP Balbino and APS Epifânio, was responsible for writing and reviewing the article. PVM Ribeiro was responsible by analyzing the data, preparing and writing the article. LD Marota was responsible by design, field work, and data collection. HHM Hermsdorff is the advisor of the work, responsible for data analysis and elaboration of the article.

Variables	Men (n=50)		Women (n=23)		Men (n=50)		Women (n=23)
Variables	M	±SD	M	±SD	N	%	N	%
BMI (kg/m²)^a a Student t test;	23.0	3.4	24.9^* * p-value: p<0.05; %: Relative frequency;	4.1^* * p-value: p<0.05; %: Relative frequency;	-	-	-	-
HD time (months)^b b Mann Whitney U-test;	66.0	50.0	88.0^* * p-value: p<0.05; %: Relative frequency;	50.0^* * p-value: p<0.05; %: Relative frequency;	-	-	-	-
Alcohol consumers^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L.	-	-	-	-	8.0	16.0	1.0	4.3
Smokers^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L.	-	-	-	-	9.0	18.0	2.0	8.7
Physical activity^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L.	-	-	-	-	10.0	20.0	6.0	26.1
Kt/V^a a Student t test;	1.4	0.3	1.7	0.4 ^* * p-value: p<0.05; %: Relative frequency;	-	-	-	-
Pre-dialysis urea^b b Mann Whitney U-test;	115.0	30.0	111.0	31.0	-	-	-	-
Post-dialysis urea^b b Mann Whitney U-test;	36.6	12.2	29.4	10.9^* * p-value: p<0.05; %: Relative frequency;	-	-	-	-
Hyperglycemia^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L.	-	-	-	-	18.0	56.3	9.0	45.0
Diabetes Mellitus^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L. type 1 and 2	-	-	-	-	20.0	40.0	8.0	39.1
Hypertriglyceridemia^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L.	-	-	-	-	14.0	28.0	8.0	34.8
Hypercholesterolemia^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L.	-	-	-	-	3.0	6.0	3.0	13.0
Calcium (mg/dL)^a a Student t test;	8.8	0.7	8.8	0.8	-	-	-	-
Phosphorus (mg/dL)^a a Student t test;	4.2	1.3	4.7	1.1^* * p-value: p<0.05; %: Relative frequency;	-	-	-	-
Hyperphosphatemia^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L.	-	-	-	-	12.0	24.0	0.0	0.0^* * p-value: p<0.05; %: Relative frequency;
Hyperkalemia^c c Pearson’s Chi-square test; Kt/V: Dialysis efficiency; Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol >5.18mmol/L; Hyperglycemia: Postprandial glucose >7.77mmol/L; Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5mmol/L; Hyperphosphatemia: Serum phosphorus >1.77mmol/L; Hypertriglyceridemia: Triglycerides >2.26mmol/L.	-	-	-	-	20.0	40.0	8.0	34.8

Daily intake	Low consumption		High consumption
	<128.4 (g/day) (n=36)		≥128.4 (g/day) (n=37)
	M_d	(P₂₅-P₇₅)	M_d	(P₂₅-P₇₅)
Calories (day)	1921.0	937.0-3798.0	2989.0	1251.0-6385.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Protein (g/kg dry weight)	1.0	0.4-2.9	1.4	0.5-3.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Lipids (%CI)	31.0	5.8-41.5	32.0	22.3-36.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Carbohydrates (%CI)	52.0	27.0-92.0	48.0	45.0-58.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Cholesterol (mg/day)	198.0	14.0-683.0	301.0	55.0-760.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Saturated fat (%CI)	8.0	5.0-15.0	9.6	6.0-10.4^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Monounsaturated fat (%CI)	9.8	5.7-15.0	10.5	7.0-11.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Polyunsaturated fat (%CI)	12.0	3.8-16.0	11.0	4.3-10.4^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
α-Linolenic acid (g/day)	4.8	0.8-16.0	8.0	3.0-18.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Linoleic acid (g/day)	20.0	0.0-60.0	27.0	4.0-61.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Trans fatty acid (g/day)	2.5	0.4-16.0	4.3	1.4-16.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Phosphorus (mg/day)	778.0	323.0-2809.0	1265.0	528.0-2783.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.
Sodium (mg/day)	3135.0	1251.0-7327.0	4747.0	1685.0-9655.0^* * p<0.05 according to Mann Whitney U-test; CI: Caloric Intake; HD: Hemodialysis; Md: Median.

Variables	Low consumption <128.4 (g/day) (n=36)		High consumption ≥128.4 (g/day) (n=37)
Variables	%
Sex ^a a Pearson’s Chi-square test;
Male	67.6		69.4
Female	32.5		30.6
Age ^a a Pearson’s Chi-square test;
Adult	24.3		47.2^* * p<0.05. %:
Elderly	75.7		52.8
Weight-status ^a a Pearson’s Chi-square test;
Normal-weight	48.6		50.0
Underweight	21.6		33.3
Overweight	29.7		16.7
Metabolic markers	Low consumption <128.4 (g/day) (n=36)		High consumption ≥128.4 (g/day) (n=37)
Metabolic markers	M/M_d	SD/P₂₅-P₇₅	M/M_d	SD/P₂₅-P₇₅
Serum calcium (mmol/L)^a b Student t Test;	002.20	0.3	002.20	0.20
Calcium-phosphorus product^a b Student t Test;	042.00	11.0	037.00	11.00
Serum phosphorus(mmol/L)^c c Adults ≤59 years and elderly ≥60 years.	001.32	0.8-2.5	001.58	0.60-2.40^* * p<0.05. %:
Potassium(mmol/L)^a b Student t Test;	005.30	1.0	005.50	0.70
Glucose(mmol/L)^c c Adults ≤59 years and elderly ≥60 years.	008.15	6.6-9.8	007.54	5.10-10.00
Hemoglobin (g/L)^a b Student t Test;	116.00	16.0	110.00	24.00
Hematocrit(ratio of 1.0)^a b Student t Test;	000.36	0.04	000.34	0.07
Kt/V^a b Student t Test;	001.50	0.40	001.60	0.30
Total cholesterol(mmol/L)^a b Student t Test;	003.78	0.98	003.85	0.95
Triglycerides(mmol/L)^c c Adults ≤59 years and elderly ≥60 years.	001.69	1-2.45.0	002.20	1.20-2.60
Creatinine (mmol/L)^a b Student t Test;	760.00	212.0	804.00	238.00
Pre-dialysis urea(mmol/L)^c c Adults ≤59 years and elderly ≥60 years.	037.10	32.0-41.0	047.10	34.00-40.00^* * p<0.05. %:
Post-dialysis urea(mmol/L)^c c Adults ≤59 years and elderly ≥60 years.	010.40	8.5-13.5	011.40	9.20-17.50

[1] Correspondence to: HHM Hermsdorff. E-mail: helenhermana@ufv.br.

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Consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados está relacionado a marcadores metabólicos em indivíduos em hemodiálise

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