Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Morpho-anatomical adaptations of Potamogeton polygonus (Potamogetonaceae) to lotic and lentic environments

Adaptações morfo-anatômicas de Potamogeton polygonus aos ambientes lêntico e lótico

Abstract

Aquatic macrophytes show great phenotypic plasticity and are able to occupy environments with different physicochemical conditions. The present study aimed to characterize morphology and anatomical structure of the pondweed, Potamogeton polygonus Cham. & Schltdl., and to identify adaptive modifications of the plant in lotic and lentic environments. Sampling was carried out in Palmas and General Carneiro, Paraná state, southern Brazil. Ten individuals from each locality were collected. Morpho-anatomical characteristics of the roots, stems and leaves were measured. The anatomical structure was analyzed with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Significant morphological and anatomical adaptive differences were observed between plants of the two environments.

Key words:
anatomy; aquatic plant; morphology; phenotypic plasticity; Potamogeton

Resumo

Plantas aquáticas apresentam grande plasticidade fenotípica, sendo capazes de ocupar ambientes com diferentes condições físico-químicas da água. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar a morfologia e a estrutura anatômica de Potamogeton polygonus Cham. & Schltdl., e identificar as alterações adaptativas da espécie em ambientes lêntico e lótico. As coletas foram realizadas nos municípios de Palmas e General Carneiro, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram coletados dez indivíduos em cada localidade e realizadas mensurações de parâmetros morfológicos e anatômicos de raizes, caules e folhas. A estrutura anatômica foi analisada em microscopia fotônica e eletrônica de varredura. Foram constatadas modificações morfológicas e anatômicas de potencial papel adaptativo entre as plantas dos dois ambientes.

Palavras-chave:
anatomia; morfologia; planta aquática; plasticidade fenotípica; Potamogeton

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

References

  • Alix, M.S. & Scribailo, R.W. 2006. First report of Potamogeton x undulatus (P. crispus x P. praelongus, Potamogetonaceae) in North America, with notes on morphology and stem anatomy. Rhodora 108: 329-346.
  • Berlyn, G.P. & Miksche, J.P. 1976. Botanical microtechnique and cytochemistry. The Iowa State Press, Ames. 326p.
  • Boeger, M.R.T. & Poulson M. E. 2003. Morphological adaptations and photosynthetic rates of amphibious Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. (Scrophulariaceae) under different flow regimes. Aquatic Botany 75: 123-135.
  • Bona, C. & Alquini, Y. 1995a. Anatomia foliar de Hydrocleis nymphoides (Humb. & Bomp. ex Willd) Buchenau (Limnocharitaceae). Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia 38: 869-877.
  • Bona, C. & Alquini, Y. 1995b. Alguns aspectos estruturais da folha de Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bompl. Ex. Willd) Heine (Hydrocharitaceae). Arquivo de Biologia e Tecnologia 38: 1045-1052.
  • Chambers, P.A.; Prepas, E.E.; Bothwell, M.L. & Hamilton, H.R. 1989. Roots versus shoots in nutrient uptake by aquatic macrophytes in flowering waters. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science 46: 435-439.
  • Dalla-Vecchia, F.; Cuccato, F.; Rocca, N.La; Larcher, W. & Rascio, N. 1999. Endodermis-like sheaths in the submerged freshwater macrophyte Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix. Annals of Botany 83: 93-97.
  • Enstone, D.E.; Peterson, C.A. & Ma, F. 2003. Root endodermis and exodermis: structure, function, and responses to the environment. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 21: 335-351.
  • Esnault, A.L.; Masuhara G. & McGee P.A. 1994. Involvement of exodermal passage cells in mycorrhizal infection of some orchids. Mycological Research 98: 672-676.
  • Evans, D.E. 2003. Aerenchyma formation. New Phytologist 161: 35-49.
  • Frank, P.A. & Hodgson, R.H. 1964. A technique for studying absorption and translocation in submersed plants. Weeds 12: 80-82.
  • Gantes, H.P. & Caro, A.S. 2001. Environmental heterogeneity and spatial distribution of macrophytes in plain streams. Aquatic Botany 70: 225-236.
  • Grace, J.B. 1993. The adaptave significance of clonal reproduction in angiosperms: a perspective. Aquatic Botany 44: 159-180.
  • Idestam-Almquist, J. & Kautsky, L. 1995. Plastic responses in morphology of Potamogeton pectinatus L. to sediment and above-sediment conditions at two sites in the northern Baltic proper. Aquatic Botany. 52: 205-216.
  • Johansen, D.A. 1940. Plant microtechnique. McGraw Hill Book, New York. 523p.
  • Jung, J.; Lee, S.C. & Choi, H. 2008. Anatomical patterns of aerenchyma in aquatic and wetland plants. Journal of Plant Biology 51: 428-439.
  • Kaplan, Z. 2001. Potamogeton x fluidans (P. natans x P. lucens) in the Czech Republic I. Morphology and anatomy. Preslia 73: 333-340.
  • Kaplan, Z. 2002. Phenotypic plasticity in Potamogeton (Potamogetonaceae). Folia Geobotanica 37: 141-170.
  • Madsen, T.V. & Sand-Jensen, K. 1991. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in aquatic macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 41: 5-40.
  • Mommer, L.; Kroon, H.; Pierik, R.; Bögemann, G.M. & Visser, E.J.W. 2005. A functional comparison of acclimation to shade and submergence in two terrestrial plant species. New Phytologist 167: 197-206.
  • O'Brien, T.P.; Feder, N. & McCully, M.E. 1965. Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O. Protoplasma 59: 368-373.
  • Pilon, J. & Santamaría, L. 2002a. Clonal variation in the thermal response of the submerged aquatic macrophyte Potamogeton pectinatus. Journal of Ecology 90: 141-152.
  • Pilon, J. & Santamaría, L. 2002b. Clonal variation in morphological and physiological responses to irradiance and photoperiod for the aquatic angiosperm Potamogeton pectinatus Journal of Ecology 90: 859-870.
  • Puijalon, S. & Bornette, G. 2004. Morphological variation of two taxonomically distant plant species along a natural flow velocity gradient. New Phytologist 163: 651-660.
  • Puijalon, S.; Bornette, G. & Sagnes, P. 2005. Adaptations to increasing hydraulic stress: morphology, hydrodynamics and fitness of two higher aquatic plant species. Journal of Experimental Botany 56: 777-786.
  • Rascio, N. 2002. The underwater life of secondarily aquatic plants: some problems and solutions. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 21: 401-427.
  • Rodrigues, R.S. & Irgang, B.E. 2001. Potamogetonaceae Dumort. no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Serie Botânica 56: 3-49.
  • Rodrigues, S. 2006. O gênero Potamogeton L. em rios de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul: anatomia comparada de Potamogeton gayi a. Benn. e Potamogeton illinoensis Morong, efeitos da velocidade do fluxo da água na morfologia, e o potencial de reprodução vegetativa de Potamogeton illinoensis Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande. 61p.
  • Roeser, K.R. 1972. Die Nadel der Schwarzklefer-Masenprodukt und Kunstwert der Natur. Mikrokosmos 61: 33-36.
  • Sand-Jensen, K. & Gordon, D.M. 1984. Differential ability of marine and freshwater macrophytes - to utilize HCO3 and CO2 Marine Biology 80: 247-253.
  • Santamaría, L. 2002. Why are most aquatic plants widely distributed? Dispersal, clonal growth and small-scale heterogeneity in a stressful environment. Acta Oecologica 23: 137-154.
  • Santamaría, L.; Figuerola, J.; Pilon J.J.; Mjelde, M.; Green, A.J.; De Boer, T.; King, R.A. & Gornall, R.J. 2003. Plant performance across latitude: role of plasticity and local adaptation in aquatic plant. Ecology 84: 2454-2461.
  • Schutten, J. & Davy, A.J. 2000. Predicting the hydraulic forces on submerged macrophytes from current velocity, biomass and morphology. Oecologia 123: 445-452.
  • Scremin-Dias, E.; Pott, V.J.; Hora, R.C. & Souza, P.R. 1999. Nos jardins submersos da Bodoquena: guia para identificação de plantas aquáticas de Bonito e região. Ed. UFMS, Campo Grande. 160p.
  • Sculthorpe, C.D. 1967. The biology of aquatic vascular plants. St. Martins Press, New York. 610p.
  • Seago Jr., J.L.; Marsh, L.C.; Steves, K.J.; Soukup, A.; Votrubová, O. & Enstone, D.E. 2005. A re-examination of the root cortex in wetland flowering plants with respect to aerenchyma. Annals of Botany 96: 565-579.
  • Seago Jr., J.L.; Peterson, C.A.; Kinsley, L.J. & Broderick, J. 2000. Development and structure of the root cortex in Caltha palustris L. and Nymphaea odorata Ait. Annals of Botanty 86: 631-640.
  • Soukup, A.; Votrubová, O. & Cizková, H. 2000. Internal segmentation of rhizomes of Phragmites australis: protection of the internal aeration system against being flooded. New Phytologist 145: 71-75.
  • Soukup, A.S.; William Armstrong, W.; Lukas Schreiber, L.; Rochus Franke, R. & Olga Votrubová, O. 2007. Apoplastic barriers to radial oxygen loss and solute penetration: a chemical and functional comparison of the exodermis of two wetland species, Phragmites australis and Glyceria maxima New Phytologist 173: 264-278.
  • Spencer, D.F. 1986. Early growth of Potamogeton pectinatus L. in response to temperature and irradiance: morphology and pigment composition. Aquatic Botany 26: 1-8.
  • Van den Berg, M.; Coops, H.; Simons, J. & Pilon, J. 2002. A comparative study of the use of inorganic carbon resources by Chara aspera and Potamogeton pectinatus Aquatic Botany 72: 219-233.
  • Via, S.; Gomulkiewicz, R.; De Jong, G.; Schlichting, C.D. & Van Tienderen, P.H. 1995. Adaptative phenotypic plasticity: consensus and controversy. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10: 212-217.
  • Wiegleb, G. 1990. The importance of stem anatomical characters for systematics of the genus Potamogeton L. Flora 184: 197-208.

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    Oct-Dec 2011

History

  • Received
    27 Apr 2011
  • Accepted
    01 Sept 2011
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rua Pacheco Leão, 915 - Jardim Botânico, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel.: (55 21)3204-2148, Fax: (55 21) 3204-2071 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: rodriguesia@jbrj.gov.br