Open-access Synopsis: diversity and distribution of Ipomoea species (Convolvulaceae) in Ceará state, Brazil

Abstract

Due to the knowledge gaps about the representatives of Ipomoea in the state of Ceará, we present here the synopsis of this genus as part of the “Flora of Ceará: knowing to conserve” project. This study was based on the analysis of exsiccates and images of type collections, consultation of specialized bibliographies and field expeditions. We recorded 42 species, among these five are endemic to Caatinga domain. We present an identification key, characterization and morphological relationship between related species, geographic distribution data, flowering and fruiting period, illustration of diagnostic characters, photographs and basionyms of the studies taxa.

Key words: biodiversity; floristic; new records; Solanales

Resumo

Devido às lacunas de conhecimento sobre os representantes de Ipomoea no estado do Ceará, apresentamos aqui a sinopse desse gênero como parte do projeto “Flora do Ceará: conhecendo para preservar”. Este estudo foi baseado na análise de exsicatas e imagens de coleções-tipos, consulta à bibliografias especializadas e coletas em campo. Nós registramos 42 espécies, destas cinco são endêmicas do domínio Caatinga. Apresentamos chave de identificação, caracterização e relação morfológica entre espécies afins, dados sobre distribuição geográfica, período de floração e frutificação, ilustração dos caracteres diagnósticos, fotografias e basiônimos dos táxons estudados.

Palavras-chave: biodiversidade; florística; novo registro; Solanales

Introdution

Convolvulaceae comprises about 1,880 species and 61 genera (Staples 2015; Cheek & Simão-Bianchini 2013; Buril et al. 2015; Simões & Staples 2017; Athiê-Souza et al. 2017) widely distributed in the world, with the largest number of representantives in tropical zones (Austin & Huaman 1996). In Brazil, this family is represented by approximately 420 species and 24 genera, most of these species distributed in all regions and phytogeographic domains (Athiê-Souza et al. 2017; Simão-Bianchini et al. 2023).

Among the most representative genera of the family stands out Ipomoea L., which was described by Linneus (1753) and can be recognized for having simple trichomes, pantoporate and echinate pollen grains, a entire style with bilobed stigmas and dehiscent capsule (Simão-Bianchini 1998). The genus comprises approximately 700 species, with pantropical distribution (Staples 2015). In Brazil, the taxon is represented by about 161 species, widely distributed in all regions and phytogeographic domains (Santos et al. 2020a, 2021; Simão-Bianchini 2023). Shrub, sub-shrub or climbing species grow in open environments, such as cerrado and caatinga, however the climbers occur preferentially in forest edges, in Amazon and Atlantic Forest (Simão-Bianchini 1998).

The genus stands out for presenting food potential, such as I. batata (L.) Lam. (Rizzini 1976), medicinal, as I. nil (L.) Roth (Boscolo et al. 2007), agricultural, as I. piurensis O’Donelle and I. nil (Bacchi et al. 1972; Kissmann & Groth 1992) and ornamental, the latter being little explored (Kissmann & Groth 1992; Lorenzi & Souza 1999).

The genus presents a large morphological complexity, which makes the species delimitation difficult, suggesting the carrying out of floristic-taxonomic studies with a wide sampling of specimens. Recently, Wood et al. (2020) published the treatment of the genus for the Americas, recognizing 425 species. In Brazil, among the studies focused on this genus, we highlight the taxonomic treatment for the Southeast region (Simão-Bianchini 1998) and the synopsis of the genus for Rio Grande do Sul (Ferreira & Miotto 2009).

In the Northeast region, knowledge about the diversity of Ipomoea is still restricted to local floras that cover the whole family (Buril & Alves 2011; Delgado et al. 2014; Santos et al. 2020b). On the other hand, a study focusing on this genus in the Agreste mesoregion of the state of Paraíba was recently published, in which 20 species were recognized (Lima & Melo 2019).

In the state of Ceará, its diversity has been reported through new records (Santos et al. 2018, 2020c) and descriptions of new species (Santos et al. 2020a, 2021). Despite this, several areas of this state still remain unexplored from a floristic point of view, being one of the main gaps in knowledge about the diversity of Ipomoea. Therefore, as part of the “Flora of Ceará” project, this study aims to provide the synopsis of Ipomoea, increasing the knowledge on its diversity, and providing current data on its geographical distribution in Ceará state.

Material and Methods

Ceará is located in the northeast of Brazil, occupying an area of approximately 148,825.6 km², equivalent to 1.74% of the national territory and 9.57% of the northeast region, being the fourth largest state in the region (IPECE 2013). It is limited to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south with Pernambuco state, to the east as Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba states, and west with Piauí state (IPECE 2013). This state has two large geological units, one of sedimentary origin divided into six relief units (Coastal Plain, River Plains, Coastal Trays, Chapada do Araripe, Chapada do Apodi and Serra da Ibiapaba); and another of crystalline origin, divided into two relief units (Country Depression and Residual Massifs) (Moro et al. 2015). The state has 11 phytoecological units: Coastal Vegetation Complex, Mangrove, Cerrado and Cerradão, Interior Cerrado and Cerradão, Carnaubal, Cristalino Caatinga, Cristalino Dry Forest, Sedimentary Caatinga, Dry Sedimentary Forest, Wet Forest Sedimentary (Moro et al. 2015).

This study was based on bibliographic research and analysis of specimens deposited in the herbaria CEN, EAC, ESA, HCDAL, HST, HUEFS, HUVA, HVASF, IPA, MAC, MOSS, R, SPF and UEC, acronyms following Thiers (continuously updated), and obtained during the field expeditions. The samples were processed according to the usual taxonomy techniques (Mori et al. 1989) and incorporated into the collection HUVA, with duplicates sent to the EAC and HUEFS herbaria. Identifications were performed based on consultation of the specialized bibliography (Simão-Bianchini 1998; Wood et al. 2020) and analysis of type collections available in an online database (<https://plants.jstor.org/>). The binomials following IPNI (2016) and the morphological descriptions following Harris & Harris (2001). Data regarding habit type, flowering and fruiting period and ecological preferences were obtained from labels of exsiccates and/or field observations.

The global and phytogeographic distribution in Brazil is according to Wood et al. (2020) and Simão-Bianchini et al. (2023), respectively. Species distribution in the study area was based on informations contained in exsiccate label and field observations. Distribution maps were prepared using QGis software, version 7.4 (Hijmans et al. 2005), using records with original geographic coordinates. For records without coordinates associated with the collection site, we used those from another plant collected at the same location through the geoLoc tool of SpeciesLink (CRIA 2016). For the distribution of the species in the phytogeographic units of the state of Ceará, the classification of Figueiredo (1997) was used with modification (Moro et al. 2015). The illustrated boards were made from exsiccates, alcohol samples and photographs of the species in field, contemplating the main characters to identify the taxa. The data on species conservation status are according to CNCFlora (2012), Santos et al. (2020a) and Santos et al. (2021b).

Results and Discussion

In Ceará state, we recorded 42 species distributed mainly in the Northwest region of the state, including native (38) and naturalized (four). Among these, 13 species are endemic to Brazil (Ipomoea bahiensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., I. calyptrata Dammer, I. cearensis O'Donell, I. bonsai D.Santos & J.Alencar, I. brasiliana (Choisy) Meisn., I. eriocalyx (Mart. ex Choisy) Meisn., I. lanifolia D.Santos & Buril, I. longibracteolata Sim.-Bianch. & J.R.I.Wood, I. magna Sim.-Bianch. & J.R.I.Wood, I. marcellia Meisn., I. rosea Choisy, I. tenera Meisn., I. vespertilia D. Santos, G.C. Delgado-Junior & Buril), of which, five are endemic to caatinga domain (I. bonsai, I. lanifolia, I. marcellia, I. tenera, I. vespertilia). Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., I. bahiensis, I. bignonioides Sims and I. hederifolia L. are the species widely distributed in Ceará state, occurring in six or seven phytoecological units (Tab. 1; Fig. 1). This wide distribution is associated with its great ability to adapt to environmental heterogeneity, occurring from anthropized areas to more conserved areas.

Ipomoea is represented by 14 species in protected areas in Ceará state. Among these species, I. asarifolia presented a higher number of occurrences in such areas (four protected areas), followed by I. rosea (three) (Tab. 1). This large occurrence is related to the wide distribution and abundance of this species in the study area. Among the registered species, I. chiquitensis J.R.I. Wood & R.W. Scotland, I. lanifolia and I. vespertilia are categorized as threatened (Santos et al. 2018, 2019, 2021), and I. bonsai as vulnerable (Santos et al. 2020). Ipomoea aristolochiifolia G.Don is a rare species occurring only in the Crystalline Wet Forest in the municipality of Sobral in vegetation altered by pasture, subject to local extinction. This result emphasizes the importance of carrying out more floristic studies in this phytoecological unity that assist in the execution of conservation actions and management at the local scale.

Among the phytoecological units in Ceará, Crystalline Caatinga presents the greatest diversity of species of the genus (27 species), representing 64% of the total diversity of species in Ceará, followed by Crystalline Wet Forest (18 species) and the Coastal Vegetation Complex (13 species) (Tab. 2). The Crystalline Caatinga occupies 68.8% of Ceará territory and includes different physiognomic types such as Florestas Caducifólia Espinhosa, Caatinga Arbustiva Densa and Caatinga Arbustiva Aberta, being structurally dominated by trees and shrubs (Moro et al. 2015). This vegetation is on the Sertaneja Depression which was modeled on crystalline rocks that gave rise to different types of soil (Moro et al. 2015), what can explain this greater species richness. Most Neotropical Ipomoea species are associated with semiarid environments, growing mainly in open areas (Nepomuceno et al. 2016; Lima & Melo 2019; Wood et al. 2020). On the other hand, the phytoecological units with lower species richness of Ipomoea were Cerrado and Cerradão Interiores (I. bahiensis, I. bignonioides, I. eriocalyx and I. heptaphylla Sweet) and Cerrado and Cerradão Costeiro (I. acanthocarpa (Choisy) Schweinf. & Asch.) (Tab. 2) which, despite being favorable environments for species of this genus, occupy only 12.6% and 0.7% of the total area in the state of Ceará (Moro et al. 2015), which may explain this low richness (Figs. 2-5).

Among the geological domains, the lands of Christalline origin have the highest species richness (42 species) followed by sedimentary origin (27 species). Some species have restricted distribution, such as I. bonsai (Sedimentary Caatinga), I. aristolochiifolia (Crystalline Wet Forest), I. meyeri (Spreng.) G.Don (Crystalline Caatinga), I. setosa Ker Gawl. and I. vespertilia (Crystalline Dry Forest) while others are widely distributed, such as I. bignonioides and I. hederifolia that ocurrs in seven phytoecological units (Tab. 2). Despite the greater diversity of relief and vegetation types in lands of sedimentary origin (Moro et al. 2015), the greatest of richness of species of Ipomoea was found in lands of crystalline origin (42 species), whose richness can be explained by its greater edaphic heterogeneity (Moro et al. 2015). Of these, 16 are associated only with vegetation on lands of crystalline origin (Tab. 1).

The main morphological features used for species delimit of Ipomoea were type habit, leaf morphology, type and presence or absence of indument, morphology of sepals and corolla and seeds.

Ipomoea L. Sp. Pl. 1: 159. 1753.

Type: Ipomoea pes-tigridis L.

Twining climbers, shrub or subshrub, stem erect, decumbent, sarmentose, stoloniferous or tuberose, cylindrical or sharp, pilose, tomentose, pubescent, hirsute to glabescent or glabrous, exfoliating or not, lenticels present or absent, rarely aculeate, latescents or not, evergreen or deciduous flowering. Blade leaf ovate, cordiform, reniform, 4-5-palmatilobed, trilobed, heterophilia, base cordate, truncate, apex acuminate, cuneate, rounded, mucronate, cuspidate, emarginate, acute, margins entire or lobed, pilose, sericeus, pubescent a glabrescent, glabrous, concolor or discolor; petiole channeled, hirsute, pilose, tomentose, pubescent to glabrescent, glabrous. Inflorescence cymose, thyrse or monochasium, with 1-45 flowers; peduncle pubescent, tomentose, hirsute, pilose to glabrescent or glabrous, crossing or not between the lobes basais of the leaf blade; pedicel glabrous, tomentose, pubescent, pilose, hirsute; bracteoles narrow-ovate to deltate, obovate, oblongs, narrow-triangulars, narrow-elliptical, linear, lanceolate, navicular, base truncate, atenuate, obtuse, cuneate, apex apiculate, acuminate, cuneate, acute, obtuse, rounded, pubescent, sericeous, hirsute, pilose to glabrescent, glabrous, occasionally caducous. Sapals equal or unequal, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, elliptical, obovate, deltoid, suborbiculate, narrow-ovate, flat, convex, base obtuse, truncate, cuneate, apex obtuse, acute, cuneate, rounded, retuse, mucronate, asymmetric, emarginate, dorse hirsute, pilose, pubescent, glabrous, smooth, ridges longitudinals, rostrate, verrucous or with gibbous basilaterals, estriations longitudinals present or absent. Corolla funnel shaped, hipocrateriform, campanulate or tubular, greenish white, blue with tube white, red, white, pink, yellow, purple with tube white; area mesopetal sericeous, pubescent, glabrous. Filament unequal; anthers straight after of the anthesis; stylet filiform, stigma biglobose. Capsule conic, ellipsoid, globose, ovoid, obovoid, hirsute or glabrous in apex, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds incana, pubescents, velutine, plumose, tufts of trichomes, glabrescent to glabrous.

Table 1
Distribution and conservation data of Ipomoea species occurring in the Ceará state. Abbreviations of phytogeographic domains of Brazil: AF = Atlantic Forest; AM = Amazônia; CAA = Caatinga; CE = Cerrado; PAM = Pampa; PAN = Pantanal. * Indicates new occurrences. Abbreviations for Protected areas: ES = Ecological Station; EPA = Environmental Protection Area; NF = National Forest; NP = National Park; RPPN = Reserva Particular de Patrimônio Natural. Abbreviations for endemism: NEN = not endemic to Brazil; END = Endemic to Brazil. IUCN Category: EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; LC = Least Concern; NE = Not evaluated. Geological domain: LSO = Land of Sedimentary Origin; LCO = Land of Crystalline Origin.

Figure 1
a-g. Phytoecological units of occurrence of Ipomoea species - a. crystalline caatinga; b. sedimentary caatinga; c. cerrado enclaves; d. vegetation complex of the coastal zone; e. sedimentary dry forest; f. crystalline wet forest; g. rocky outcrop in humid forest.

Table 2
Distribution of Ipomoea species by phytoecological unit in Ceará state, Northeast Brazil. CC = Crystalline Caatinga; SC = Sedimentary Caatinga; CCC = Cerrado and Cerradão Costeiro; CCI = Cerrado and Cerradão Interiores; CVC = Coastal Vegetation Complex; CA = Carnaubal; CDF = Crystalline Dry Forest; CWF = Crystalline Wet Forest; SDF = Sedimentary Dry Forest; SWF = Sedimentary Wet Forest.

Figure 2
Phytoecological distribution of Ipomoea species recorded in the Ceará state, northeastern Brazil.

Figure 3
Phytoecological distribution of Ipomoea species recorded in the Ceará state, northeastern Brazil.

Figure 4
Phytoecological distribution of Ipomoea species recorded in the Ceará state, northeastern Brazil.

Figure 5
Phytoecological distribution of Ipomoea species recorded in the Ceará state, northeastern Brazil.

Identification key for Ipomoea species from Ceará state

1. Stems aculeate.

2. Leaf blade pilose; sepals ovate; corolla funnel shaped 33. Ipomoea parasitica

2’. Leaf blade glabrous; sepals ovate to elliptic; corolla hypocrateriform.

3. Sepals with apex aristate; corolla with fauce white 2. Ipomoea alba

3’. Sepals with apex acuminate; corolla with fauce purple 31. Ipomoea muricata

1’. Stems smooth.

4. Leave compound, 3-leaflets 37. Ipomoea rosea

4’. Leave simple, pinnate, 3-lobed, 4-5 palmatilobed, cordate, ovate or reniform.

5. Leave pinnate 35. Ipomoea quamoclit

5’. Leave 3-lobed, 4-5 palmatilobed, cordate, hastate, ovate or reniform.

6. Leaf blade with abaxial surface tomentose to glabrescent.

7. Bracteoles linear; sepals with apex acuminate to apiculate 9. Ipomoea bonsai

7’. Bracteoles ovate, obovate, lanceolate, cimbiform; sepals with apex obtuse to rounded.

8. Corolla campanulate, white with vinaceous lacinias 24. Ipomoea longibracteolata

8’. Corolla funnel shaped or tubular, pink, yellowish, greenish.

9. Leaves decidous when flowering; tubular corolla with curved tube and color greenish white 43. Ipomoea vespertilia

9’. Leaves persistent when flowering; funnel shaped corolla with straight tube and color white, pink, yellow, purple with tube white.

10. Outer sepals shorter than inner ones 27. Ipomoea maurandioides

10’. Outer sepals equal in size to inner ones.

11. Corolla yellowish; stamens exserted 26. Ipomoea marcellia

11’. Corolla pink; stamens included.

12. Bracteoles enveloping the buds 12. Ipomoea calyptrata

12’. Bracteoles not enveloping the buds.

13. Bracteoles glabrous 25. Ipomoea magna

13’. Bracteoles tomentose

14. Sepals glabrous 10. Ipomoea brasiliana var. brasiliana

14’. Sepals tomentose 11. Ipomoea brasiliana var. subincana

6’. Leaf blade with abaxial surface velutine, densely lanate, hirsute, pilose, sericeous or glabrous.

15. Outer sepal rostrate, gibose at the base, rough, or with ridges longitudinal.

16. Leaf blade silver-sericeous abaxial surface 29. Ipomoea megapotamica

16’. Leaf blade with greenish, pilose or glabrous abaxial surface.

17. Outer sepals oblong to elliptical; corolla hypocrateriform and red 18. Ipomoea hederifolia

17’. Outer sepals ovate; corolla funnel shaped and pink.

18. Leaves 5-palmatilobed 40. Ipomoea tenera

18’. Leaves entire, cordate or sagitate.

19. Outer sepals rough 1. Ipomoea acanthocarpa

19’. Outer sepals rostrate or with ridges longitudinal.

20. Sepals rostrate 5. Ipomoea bahiensis

20’. Sepals with ridges longitudinal 3. Ipomoea aristolochiifolia

15’. Outer sepals smooth.

21. Sepals convex.

22. Leaves 5-palmatilobed 28. Ipomoea mauritiana

22’. Leaves cordate to 3-lobed.

23. Inflorescence with < 6 flowers; corola purple 8. Ipomoea bignonioides

23’. Inflorescence with > 10 flowers; corola pink 7. Ipomoea batatoides

21’. Sepals flat.

24. Leaves 3-lobed or 4-5 palmatilobed.

25. Stem and peduncle setose 39. Ipomoea setosa

25’. Stem and peduncle hirsute or glabrous.

26. Leaves 3-lobed.

27. Sepals ovate with apex long-acuminate 32. Ipomoea nil

27’. Sepals lanceolate with apex acute 30. Ipomoea meyerii

26’. Leaves 5-palmatilobed.

28. Peduncle spiraled; corolla pink 19. Ipomoea heptaphylla

28’. Peduncle straight; corolla yellow 23. Ipomoea longeramosa

24’. Leaves reniform, orbiculate, oblong, ovate, cordate.

29. Leaf blade with emarginate apex.

30. Outer sepals equal in size to inner ones 34. Ipomoea pes-caprae

30’. Outer sepals shorter than inner ones 4. Ipomoea asarifolia

29’. Leaf blade with obtuse, acuminate, acute apex.

31. Sepals glabrous.

32. One outer sepals smaller than the others 41. Ipomoea tiliacea

32’. Outer sepals equal in size to inner ones.

33. Stem with lenticel 20. Ipomoea incarnata

33’. Stem without lenticel.

34. Outer sepals obovate 16. Ipomoea cynanchifolia

34’. Outer sepals elliptical 36. Ipomoea ramosissima

31’. Sepals ciliate, pilose, hirsute, sericeus, tomentose.

35. Outer sepalas ovate to elliptic.

36. Plant erect; sepals tomentose 13. Ipomoea carnea

36’. Plant prostrate or twining; sepals ciliate, hirsute.

37. Stem stoloniferous 6. Ipomoea batatas

37’. Stem sarmentose.

38. Corolla white; Capsule hirsute 42. Ipomoea triloba

38’. Corolla pink; Capsule glabrous 15. Ipomoea chiquitensis

35’. Outer sepals lanceolate, oblong to orbiculate.

39. Leaf abaxial surface sericeus 38. Ipomoea sericosepala

39’. Leaf abaxial surface hirsute pilose or densely lanate.

40. Inner sepals with emarginate apex 14. Ipomoea cearensis

40’. Inner sepals with acute, acuminate apex.

41. Leaf lanate 22. Ipomoea lanifolia

41’. Leaf pilose.

42. Sepals acute, ciliate; bracteole lanceolate 17. Ipomoea eriocalyx

42’. Sepals acuminate, pilose; bracteole linear 21. Ipomoea indica

1. Ipomoea acanthocarpa (Choisy) Asch. & Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., 277. 1867.

Calonyction acanthocarpum Choisy in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 346. 1845.Fig. 6a

Ipomoea acanthocarpa is characterized by the habit twining climber, glabrous leaves, ovate and rough outer sepals. It is similar to I. chiquitensis J.R.I. Wood & R.W. Scotland due the ovate sepals with acute apex, differing from this by the presence of indument in the leaves (glabrous in I. acanthocarpa vs. hirsute to glabrescent in I. chiquitensis), ornamentation of the outer sepals (rough vs. smooth) and corolla size (2.5-3 cm long vs. 1.7-1.8 cm long).

Material examined: Caucaia, Parque Botânico do Ceará, 27.V.1998, fl., E.B. Souza 257 (EAC). Chaval, Pedra da Carnaúba, 10.VI.2016, fl., E.B. Souza 4263 (HUEFS). Forquilha, 03°47’54”S, 40°15’38”W, 25.III.2015, fl. and fr., F.A. Nepomuceno 86 (HUVA). Graça, Sítio Santa Clara, 26.VI.2016, fl., F.F. Araújo 58 (EAC). Itapipoca, Comunidade Quilomba de Nazaré, 1.VII.2017, fl., J.C.M.S.M. Sobczak 680 (EAC). Maracanaú, Jaçanaú, 17.V.1998, fl., A.S.F. Castro 576 (EAC). Massapê, Gameleira, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 20.IV.2014, fl. and fr., M.C.P. Teixeira 03 (HUVA). Meruoca, Sítio Santo Inácio, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 5.V.2013, fl., E.M.J. Nascimento 146 (HUVA); Sítio Santo Inácio, 26.I.2014, fl., E.M.J. Nascimento 11 (HUVA). Sobral, Lagoa Grande, Fazenda Experimental da UVA, 03°37’08”S, 40°18’31”W, 21.V.2010, fl., M.O.M. Mesquita 31 (HUVA).

Ipomoea acanthocarpa occurs in the Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil and Peru. In Brazil, it is distributed in the Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte) and North regions (Pará), in the Amazonia, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains. In Ceara, this specie was found in roadside cultivation areas in clay and sandy soils in four phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area (Tab. 1). Flowering from January to June; fruiting in March and April.

2. Ipomoea alba L. Sp. Pl. 1: 161. 1753.Fig. 6b-c

Ipomoea alba is characterized by its aculleate stem, ovate to elliptic sepals with apex aristate, hypocrateriform and white corolla. It is similar to I. muricata (L.) Jacq. by its aculleate stem and hypocrateriform corolla, differing morphologically from it by corolla color (white in I. alba vs. white with fauce purple in I. muricata) and apex of the sepals (aristate vs. acuminate). Furthermore, I. alba differs ecologically from I. muricata by the presence of nocturnal anthesis (vs. diurnal anthesis). Ipomoea alba is also similar to I. parasitica by sharing aculleate stem, differing from it by the presence of indument on leaf blade (glabrous in I. alba vs. pilose in I. parasitica), apex of the sepals (aristate vs. obtuse to rounded) and corolla shape (hypocrateriform vs. funnel shaped).

Material examined: Fortaleza, Aldeota, 05.VI.2000, fr., A.S.F. Castro 857 (EAC). Graça, Sítio Santa Clara, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 20.V.2015, fl., F.F. Araújo 20 (HUEFS, HUVA). Guaramiranga, Pico Alto, 04º15’48”S, 38º55’59”W, 9.III.2010, fl., A.M.M. Carvalho (EAC46900). São Benedito, 04°2’55”S, 40°51’54”W, 22.III.2000, fl. and fr., E.B. Souza 404 (EAC). Ubajara, PARNA, Reserva florestal, 03°51’16”S, 40°55’16”W, 25.VIII.1999, fl. F.S. Cavalcanti (EAC28459).

Ipomoea alba is found throughout the Americas. In Brazil, it occurs in all states and phytogeographic domains. This specieis is widely cultived for its beautiful and large flowers (Simão-Bianchini 1998). In Ceará state, it can be found twining on trees at forest edges or on shrubs in sandy or clay soils in three phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was found in a protected area (Tab. 1). In the study area, it can be found with flowers in March, May and August; fruiting in March and June.

3. Ipomoea aristolochiifolia G. Don Gen., Hist. of the Dichlamydeous Plants 4: 277. 1838.

Convolvulus aristolochiifolius Mill., Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 102. 1818.Fig. 6d

Ipomoea aristolochiifolia is characterized by having habit twining climber, cordiform leaves, and outer sepals glabrous with ridges longitudinals in their middle region. It is similar to I. heptaphylla Sweent by sharing small corolla (ca. 2.5 cm long) and ovate sepals, differing from it by having straight peduncle (vs. spiral in I. heptaphylla) and sepals with ridges longitudinals in their middle region (vs. smooth).

Material examined: Meruoca, Sítio Santa Cruz, Trilha do Delta, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 22.VII.2015, fl., E.B. Souza 3665 (HUVA).

This species has a wide distribution, occurring in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. In Brazil, it is naturalized and registered in North (Pará), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco), Central West (Distrito-Federal), Southeast (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo) and South (Paraná, Santa Catarina), in Amazonia, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. In Ceará, a small population of this species was found in clay soils only in Crystalline Wet Forest in the municipality of Meruoca under the influence of pastures (Tab. 2). This species was found in no protected areas (Tab. 1). Flowering in July and fruiting in August.

Figure 6
a-p. Ipomoea from the state of Ceará, Brazil - a. I. acanthocarpa - mature fruit with flower in scorpioid monochasium; b-c. I. alba - b. aristate sepals; c. hipocrateriform corolla; d. I. aristolochiifolia - funnel shaped with detail; e. I. asarifolia - funnel shaped corolla; f. I. bahiensis - sepals with subapical rostrum; g. I. batatas - elliptical and acute sepals; h. I. batatoides - convex sepals; i. I. bignonioides - convex sepals and purple corolla; j. I. bonsai - habit shrubby with detail of the sepals acute to apiculate; k. I. brasiliana var. brasiliana - sepals ovate and corolla funnel shaped; l. I. calyptrata - cimbiform bracts; m. I. carnea - corolla funnel shaped with ovate sepals; n. I. cearensis - funnel shaped corolla; o. I. chiquitensis - funnel shaped corolla; p. I. cynanchifolia - funnel shaped corolla with outer sepals obovate.

4. Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15, 4: 251. 1819.

Convolvulus asarifolius Desrousseaux. in Lam., Encycl. 3: 562. 1792.Fig. 6e

Ipomoea asarifolia is characterized by having glabrous stem, reniform leave, outer sepals larger than the inner. It similar to I. pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. due to the sarmentose stem and leaves with emarginate apex, differing from it by the size (unequal, two small outer, 0.5-0.8 cm long, three larger inner 1.2-1.3 cm long in I. asarifolia vs. equal, 0.6-1 cm long in I. pes-caprae) and shape of the sepals (outer oblong to suborbiculate; inner obovate vs. ovate, elliptical, obovate).

Material examined: Aiuaba, Estação Ecológica de Aiuaba, 5.VI.1997, fl., E. Barros 106 (ESA). Aquiraz, Porto das Dunas, APA do Rio Pacoti, 03º54’05”S, 38º23’28”W, 15.XI.1995, fl., M.A. Figueiredo 556 (EAC). Amontada, 7.IX.2013, fl., M.I.B. Loiola 2067 (EAC). Aurora, Açude Cachoeira, 9.XII.2013, fl., A.J. Rangel 16 (EAC). Beberibe, Lagoa do Uruaú, 15.VI.2000, fl., L.Q. Matias 286 (EAC). Canindé, entre Madalena e Canindé, 04º21’32”S, 39º18’42”W, 11.IV. 1998, fl., E.B. Souza (EAC 26399). Caucaia, Maceió, APA do Estuário Rio Ceará, 2.VII.2006, fl., A.S.F. Castro 1820 (EAC). Crateús, Jatobá Medonho, 05º10’58”S, 40º50’51”W, 1.III.2000, fl., H.O. Sales 03 (EAC). Crato, 2.V.1994, fl., I. Carneiro 06 (HCDAL). Fortaleza, Campus do Pici, próximo à Embrapa, 03º43’02”S, 38º32’35”W, 29.VIII.2007, fl., H.O. Sales (EAC40477); Damas, 23.IX.1935, fl., F.E. Drouet 2491 (NY). Graça, Santa Clara, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 5.VI.2016, fl., F.F. Araujo 40 (HUVA). Guaramiranga, 4.XI.1981, fl., F.S. Cavalcanti (SPF76880). Iguatu, 06°30’35”S, 39°18’17”W, 13.V.2010, fl., L.R.O. Normando et al. 533 (EAC). Itapipoca, Maciço de Uruburetama, Pico de Itacoatiara, 03°36’14”S, 39°55’22”W, 17.IV.2016, fl., F.D.S. Santos 504 (HUVA). Jijoca de Jericoacoara, APA Jericoacoara, 02º53’42”S, 40º26’57”W, 7.III.1997, fl., L.Q. Matias & E.V. Silva (EAC25005). Massapê, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 28.IV.1995, fl., A.N.C. Guimarães 651 (HUVA). Missão Velha, Tabuleiro, 18.XIII.2011, fl., E. Melo 10255 (HUEFS). Morada Nova, Faz. Serraria, 05º06’24”S, 38º22’21”W, 25.IV.1997, fl., M.A. Figueiredo (EAC). Redenção, 04º13’33”S, 38º43’50”W, 13.IX.2015, fl., Sobzack 76 (EAC). Reriutaba, 04º08’30”S, 40º34’56”W, 26.III.2010, fl., L.A. Dutra 4535 (HUVA). Santa Quitéria, 23.IV.2012, fl., J. Paula-Souza et al. 10807 (ESA). São Gonçalo do Amarante, Pecém, próximo à Lagoa do Gereraú, 03º36’26”S, 38º58’06”W, 10.XI.2007, fl. and fr., M.F. Moro et al. 278 (EAC). São Luís do Curu, 03º40’13”S, 39º14’42”W, 21.X.2013, fl., A.E.S. Ferreira 10 (EAC). Sobral, Lagoa da Fazenda, 03°37’08”S, 40°18’31”W, 10.VII.2003, fl., M.L.R. Andrade 1574 (HUVA).

Ipomoea asarifolia has pantropical distribution. In America, it occurs in Jamaica, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. In Brazil, it has record in North (Acre, Amapá, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Mato Grosso) and Southeast (Rio de Janeiro), in Amazônia, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. In the study area, I. asarifolia is widely distributed, occurring usually in the roadside and disturbed area over sandy and clay soils in six phytoecological units (Tab. 2). Populations of this species were found in four protected areas (Tab. 1). It can be found with flowers and fruit all year round.

5. Ipomoea bahiensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15, 4: 789. 1819.Fig. 6f

Ipomoea bahiensis is characterized by having pilose leaves, and sepals with subapical rostrum. It is similar to I. hederifolia L. by sharing leaves composed, pilose, and rostrate sepals. However, it differs from it by shape (funnel shaped in I. bahiensis vs. hypocrateriform in I. hederifolia) and collor of the corolla (pink vs. red). Ipomoea bahiensis is also similar to I. rosea Choisy by sharing rostrate sepals and funnel shaped corolla, differing from it by dividing the leaf blade (simple in I. bahiensis vs. composed [trifoliolate] in I. rosea).

Material examined: Aracati, 04°33’42”S, 37°46’11”W, 14.V.1970, fl., J.E.M. Couceiro et al. (IPA, SPF). Brejo Santos, 07°29’24”S, 39°58’48”W, 14.V.2009, fl., M.T. Buril 321 (UFP). Caldas, subida da Serra, 07°22’29”S, 39°20’18”W, 23.V.2011, fl., E. Melo 9761 (EAC). Crateús, RPPN, Serra das Almas, 05º10’42”S, 40º40’39”W, 7.V.2002, fl., F.S. Araújo & J.R. Lima 1425 (EAC). Fortaleza, Campus do Pici, 03°43’02”S, 38°32’35”W, 5.XI.2002, fl., M. Mamede 67 (EAC). General Sampaio, RPPN Elias Andrade, 3.VI.2011, fl, E.V. Salgado (EAC49273). Independência, 05°23’47”S, 40°18’31”W, 8.V.2014, fl., A.C. Cavalcanti 183 (CEN). Itapipoca, subida da Serra do Arapari, 17.V.2015, fl., F.D.S. Santos 268 (HUVA). Limoeiro do Norte, CENTEC, 20.V.2008, fl., L.W. Lima-Verde 3469 (ALCB, EAC). Maracanaú, Piraguari, 22.III.2001, fl., F.S. Cavalcanti 835 (EAC). Massapê, Cacimbinha, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 18.V.2014, fl. and fr., M.C.P. Teixeira 19 (HUVA). Missão Velha, 27.VI.1987, fl., L. Coradin 7832 (CEN). Pacujá, 8.V.2007, fl., J.R. Lemos 14 (HUEFS). Quixadá, Faz. Iracema, 04°58’17”S, 39°00’55”W, 5.VI.1982, fl., E. Nunes (EAC). Quixeré, Faz. Mato Alto, 05°12’07”S, 37°47’17”W, 100 m, 12.VI.1996, fl., M.A. Figueiredo 626 (EAC, IPA, MOSS). Quixeramobim, 05°13’00”S, 39°13’59”W, 6.VI.1984, fl., J.E.R. Collares 182 (SPF). Saboeiro, 06º32’31”S, 39º54’24”W, 11.III.1860, fl., F. Freire Alemão 1077 (R). Santa Quitéria, 25.IV.2012, fl., J. Paulo-Souza et al. 10965 (EAC). São Gonçalo do Amarante, Pecém, 03°36’26”S, 38°58’06”W, 15.V.2011, fl., A.S.F. Castro 2484 (EAC). Sobral, Fazenda Crioula, 03°37’08”S, 40°18’31”W, 28.IV.1995, fl., M.F. Mata 683 (HUVA). Tianguá, Planalto da Ibiapaba, Queimadas, 19.V.2017, fl., E.B. Souza 4582 (EAC). Tururu, Comunidade Quilambola, 03°34’51”S, 39°26’14”W, 26.V.2015, fl., J.C.M.S.M. Sobczak 48 (EAC).

This species is endemic to Brazil, where it is widely distributed in the North (Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Goiás, Mato Grosso), Southeast regions (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro) in Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado. In the study area, it was found in seven phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was found in two protected areas (Tab. 2). It can be collected with flowers and fruit between April and November.

6. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Tabl. encyclo. 1: 465. 1793.

Convolvulus batatas L., Sp. Pl. 1: 154. 1753.Fig. 6g

This species is characterized by having stem stoloniferous, elliptical sepals with acute apex. It is similar to I. triloba L. by sharing elliptical and acute sepals, differing by the stem type (sarmentose to twining climber in I. triloba vs. stoloniferous in I. batatas), presence of adventitious roots in the stem (absent vs. present) and corolla color (white vs. pink).

Material examined: Fortaleza, Campus do Pici, 03°43’02”S, 38°32’35”W, 14.I.2002, fl., C.M. Feitosa (EAC). Itapipoca, Maciço de Uruburetama, Pico de Itacoatiara, 03°36’14”S, 39°55’22”W, 28.II.2014, fl., F.D.S. Santos 119 (HUVA).

Ipomoea batatas is widely distributed word due to its food potential. In Brazil, this species is naturalized and cultivated in all states, popularly known as sweet potato. In the study area, it is associated with sandy clay soils in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2), and was found with flowers in January and February.

7. Ipomoea batatoides Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 8(1): 58-59. 1837.Fig. 6h

Ipomoea batatoides can be recognized by having cordiform leaves, dichasium with more than ten flowers and convex sepals. It is similar to I. bignonioides Sims by sharing sepals suborbiculate to elliptical, convex, glabrous, differing from it by peduncle size (3-15 cm compr. in I. batatoides vs. 0.5-1.5 cm compr. in I. bignonioides) and corolla color (pink vs. purple). Ipomoea batatoides is also similar to I. mauritiana Jacq. by they share sepals suborbiculate, elliptical, convex and glabrous, differing from it by the leaves shape (cordiform em I. batatoides vs. 5-palmatilobed em I. mauritiana).

Material examined: Crateús, RPPN Serra das Almas, 05°08’30”S, 40°54’57”W, 12.V.2017, fl., H.M. Meneses 2171 (EAC). Guaramiranga, 04°15’48”S, 38°55’59”W, 30.IV.1994, fl. and fr., M.R.L. Oliveira 436 (EAC). Itapipoca, Maciço de Uruburetama, Pico de Itacoatiara, 03°36’14”S, 39°55’22”W, 11.V.2015, fl., F.D.S. Santos 298 (HUEFS, HUVA). Meruoca, Sítio Santo Inácio, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 24.V.2015, fl., F.D.S. Santos 337 (HUVA). Pacoti, 1.V.1998, 04°13’30”S, 38°55’24”W, fl., A.S.F. Castro 564 (EAC).

This species occurs in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Suriname, Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. In Brazil, it is found in North (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Rondônia, Tocantins), Central West (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso) and Northeast regions (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), in Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado. In Ceará, this species is associated with granitic outcrop in three phytoecological units (Tab. 2), and was found in a protected area (Tab. 1). Flowering in April and May.

8. Ipomoea bignonioides Sims. Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2645, 1826.Fig. 6i

Ipomoea bignonioides is characterized by its glabrous stem, leaves cordiform to trilobe (heterophyllia), inflorescence with more than six flowers, sepals suborbicular to elliptical, convex, glabrous, and purple corolla. In the study area, this taxon is similar to I. batatoides (see comments in this species).

Material examined: Aiuaba, Milho Amarelo, 06°34’25”S, 40°07’25”W, 11.IV.1991, fl., F.B. Souza (IPA52852). Barbalha, Chapada do Araripe, Santa Rita, 07°18’40”S, 39°18’15”W, 7.V.1998, fl., L.W. Lima-Verde & M.A. Figueiredo 910 (EAC). Barroquinha, 03°00’55”S, 41°09’06”W, 10.VI.2016, fl., E.B. Souza 4202 (HDELTA, HUEFS). Crato, Chapada do Araripe, 07°14’03”S, 39°24’34”W, 13.I.1989, fl., A. Fernandes & Matos (EAC15903). Crateús, Serra das Almas, 20.III.2014, fl., D. Teixeira 25 (EAC). Fortaleza, Campus do Pici, 03°43’02”S, 38°32’35”W, 4.III.1942, fl., P. Bezerra (EAC519). Graça, 4°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 10.IV.2015, fl. and fr., E.B. Souza 3333 (HUVA). Groaíras, Lagoa do Peixe, 03°55’18”S, 40°23’14”W, 7.IV.2017, fl., E.B. Souza et al. 4572 (EAC). Ipu, 04°19’01”S, 40°43’44”W, 19.III.2017, fl., J.B.S. Nascimento 38 (HUEFS). Itarema, Pau Darco, 22.V.2003, fl., A.S.F. Araújo 1423 (EAC). Jaguaribe, Maciço do Pereiro, 05°53’26”S, 38°37’19”W, 12.IV.2011, fl., A.M. Miranda 6302 (EAC, HUEFS). Massapê, Riachão, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 20.IV.2014, fl., M.C.P. Teixeira 03 (HUVA). Meruoca, Sítio Olho D’água das Pombas, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 27.V.2013, fl. and fr., M.F. Mata 2377 (HUVA). Pentecoste, 03°47’34”S, 39°16’13”W, 31.III.2001, fl., A. Andrade (EAC30573). Quixeré, Manga Grande, 05°12’07”S, 37°47’17”W, fl., L.W. Lima-Verde 812 (HUEFS). Santa Quitéria, Serra do Pajé, 04°19’55”S, 40º09’24”W, 8.V.1997, fl., L.W. Lima-Verde (EAC25533). Sobral, Fazenda Crioula, 03°37’08”S, 40°18’31”W, 16.III.1995, fl. and fr., M.F. Mata 198 (HUVA). Tianguá, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 7.IV.2012, fl. and fr., E.B. Souza 2480 (HUEFS, HUVA). Ubajara, 25.II.1999, fl., A. Fernandes et al. 27907 (EAC).

This species occurs in Brazil and Guiana Francesa. In Brazil, this specie is registered in North (Pará) and Northeast regions (Ceará, Maranhão), in the Amazonia, Atlantic Forest and Caatinga domains. In Ceará, this species was found in edges and into of rainforest over the canopy of trees in seven phytoecological units (Tab. 2). It was found in a protected area (Tab. 1). Flowering and fruiting from January to May.

9. Ipomoea bonsai D. Santos & Alencar, Sistematic Botany. 45: 652-657. 2020.Fig. 6j

It is characterized by its habit shrubby, with a stout woody trunk, c. 1.10 m high and 1.30 m wide, glabrous, with branches numerous decumbent with leaf blade cordate, bracteoles 1-3 cm long, linear, outer sepals acute to apiculate, and corolla funnel shaped. It is similar to I. carnea by they share habit shrubby, differing from it by its sepals with apex acute to apiculate (obtuse in I. carnea) and bracteoles linears (ovate).

Material examined: Carnaubal, Sertão de Dentro, 04°10’ 00”S, 40°56’34”W, 16.V.1974, fl., P. Martins et al. (EAC6588, SPF76874). Crateús, Serra das Almas, 05°08’45”S, 40°55’29”W, 18.III.2014, fl., D. Teixeira 02 (EAC); estrada para RPPN Serra das Almas, 05°12’52,2”S, 40°56’42,04”W, 620 m, 1.VII.2019, fl. and fr., S.L. Costa 88 (PEUFR); Lajedo da RPPN, 05°12’52,2”S, 40°56’42,04”W, 2.VII.2019, fl. and fr., S.L. Costa 90 (PEUFR); Tucum, Alagadiço, 05°10’42”S, 40°40’39”W, 20.V.1997, fl., M.A. Figueiredo & J. Augusto 790 (EAC).

Ipomoea bonsai is a species so far considered as endemic to the Caatinga domain, occurring in the Piauí and Ceará states. In the study area, it was encountered growing in sandy soils on rocky outcrop in Sedimentary Caatinga (Tab. 2) in the Serra das Almas Natural Reserve (RNSA) within the municipality of Crateús (Tab. 1). Although this species occurs in a protected area, it was preliminarily categorized as Vunerable (VU) (Santos et al. 2020). Ipomoea bonsai was collected with flowers from April to July, and with fruit in July.

10. Ipomoea brasiliana var. brasiliana Meisn. Fl. bras. 7: 261. 1869.

Rivea brasiliana Mart. ex Choisy Prodr., A.P. de Candolle, 9: 326. 1845.Fig. 6k

Ipomoea brasiliana var. brasiliana is characterized by its pubescent leaves, sepals ovate and glabrous, corolla funnel shaped and pink. This taxon is similar to I. magna as they share pubescent leaves, sepals glabrous with apex obtuse, differing from it for its ovate sepals (vs. elliptical in I. magna). The specimens with pubescent sepals bellong to I. brasiliana var. subincana (Choisy) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland (Wood & Scotland 2020), differing from the type variety for its glabrous sepals.

Material examined: Aiuaba, Estação Ecológica de Aiuaba, 26.II.1997, fr., L.W. Lima-Verde 511 (EAC); 21.III.1980, fl., A. Gomes (EAC 8235); 5.VI.1997, fl., E.O. Barro 100 (EAC). Araripe, FLONA, 27.II.1980, fl., P. Martins (EAC). Barroquinha, 10.VI.2016, fr., E.B. Souza 4196 (HUEFS). Beberibe, córrego da Aroeira, 1.V.2015, fl., M.I.B. Loiola 2603 (EAC). Camocim, 10.III.2016, fl. and fr., E.B. Souza 3890 (EAC). Carnaubal, Sertão de dentro, 16.VI.1979, fr., P. Martins (EAC 6596). Crateús, Serra das Alamas, 25.III.2002, fl., F.S. Araújo 1372 (EAC); 25.III.2002, fl., F.S. Araújo 1372 (HUEFS). Novo Oriente, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 4.V.991, fl., F.S. Araujo 423 (IPA). Pacujá, 18.V.2007, fr., J.R. Lemos 32 (HUEFS). Poranga, 4.II.2014, fl., W. Batista 226 (EAC). Quixeré, 12.VI.1996, fl., M.A. Figueiredo 632 (EAC). Viçosa do Ceará, 29.IV.2010, fl., E.K.S. Brandão 10 (HUEFS).

Endemic species from Brazil, registered in the Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Distrito Federal), and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais), in the Caatinga, Cerrado. In the study area, it was found in four phytoecological units (Tab. 2). It has populations within two protected areas (Tab. 1). It was collected with flowers and fruits between February and July.

11. Ipomoea brasiliana var. subincana (Choisy) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, PhytoKeys143: 254. 2020.

Rivea subincana Choisy in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 325. 1845.

Ipomoea subincana (Choisy) Meisn. in Martius et al., Fl. brasil. 7: 259. 1869.

This variety differing from type variety by the presence of indument on sepals (see comments in I. brasiliana var. brasiliana).

Material examined: General Sampaio, 1.III.2011, fl., E.V. Salgador 07 (EAC). Meruoca, Sítio Santo Inácio, 5.V.2014, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 57 (HUVA); 13.XI.2014, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 192 (HUVA); Sítio Santo Antônio, 25.II.1981, fl., A. Fernandes (EAC 9707). São Gonçalo do Amarante, 13.III.2011, fl., A.S.F. Castro (EAC 49025); Jardim Botânico, 20.IV.2018, fl., E.M.P. Lucena 62 (EAC). Tururu, 31.III.2002, fl., A.S.F. Araújo 1184 (EAC).

This variety is endemic to the Brazil, registered in the Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais) in the Caatinga and Cerrado domains. In Ceará state, it occurs in sandy soil associated mainly with rupestre vegetation in three phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This variety was not found in any protected area in the study area. It can be found with flowers and fruit betwere February and November.

12. Ipomoea calyptrata Dammer, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 23(5): 40. 1897.Fig. 6l

It is characterized by its cimbiform bracts that cover all calyx, tomentose leaves and sepals, funnel shaped and pink corolla. This taxon is similar to I. brasiliana var. subincana by they share pubescent leaves, tomentose sepals with apex obtuse, differing from it by having bracts cimbiform that cover all calyx (vs. bracts lanceolate that do not cover the calyx in I. brasiliana var. subincana).

Material examined: Itapipoca, Maciço de Uruburetama, Pico de Itacoatiara, 5.V.2014, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 57 (HUVA); 13.XI.2014, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 192 (HUVA).

This species is endemic to the Brazil, registered in the Northeast (Bahia, Ceará) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais), in the Caatinga, Cerrado. In the Ceará state, it occurs on rocky outcrops associated with Crystalline Caatinga (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area. It can be found with flowers and fruits between March and November.

13. Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760.Fig. 6m

Ipomoea carnea is characterized by its habit shrubby, fistulose and erect stem, leaves ovate to lanceolate, sepals ovate, tomentose, corolla funnel shaped and pink. In Ceará, this species is similar to I. bonsai by sharing habit shrubby, distinguished from it in comments of this species.

Material examined: Amontada, entrada da cidade, 7.IX.2013, fl., M.I.B. Loiola 2070 (EAC). Eusébio, Lagoa da Precabura, 23.VII.2005, fl., A.S.F. Castro 1590 (EAC). Fortaleza, 03°43’02”S, 38°32’35”W, 2.I.1956, fl., A. Fernandes (EAC1573). Iguatú, 14.V.2010, fl., L.R.O. Normando 115 (EAC). Maranguape, 26.X.1997, fl., A.S.F. Castro (EAC 25948). Mauriti, 07°30’09”S, 38°44’51”W, 31.X.2010, fl., Marcondes Oliveira 5207 (HVASF). Missão Velha, 07°10’55”S, 39°04’03”W, 11.IX.2014, fl., A.P. Fontana 8509 (HUEFS). Santa Quitéria, 04°19’55”S, 40º09’24”W, 2.VII.2011, fl. and fr., M.E.F. Rodrigues 737 (ESA).

This species occurs in Nicarágua, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. In Brazil, the specie occurs in all regions, states and phytogeographic domains. In Ceará, this specie occurs mainly in wet areas in four phytoecological units (Tab. 2). It was not found in any protected area. It can be collected with flowers and fruit between January and October.

14. Ipomoea cearensis O’Donell, Lilloa 26: 363. 1953.Fig. 6n

Ipomoea cearensis is characterized by having twisted, stem edged, pilose to glabrescent, leaves with face adaxial glabrous and face abaxial pilose to glabrescent, outer sepals with obtuse to rounded apex, inner sepals with emarginate apex, corolla funnel shaped and pink.

Material examined: Graça, Santa Clara, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 8.V.2016, fl., F.F. Araujo 27 (HUVA). Ipu, 04°19’20”S, 40°42’39”W, 30.IV.1994, fl., A. Fernandes & Matos (EAC21229). Itapipoca, Serra de Itacoatiara, 03°36’14”S, 39°55’22”W, 17.V.2015, fl., F.D.S. Santos 270 (HUVA). Maranguape, 03°53’27”S, 38°41’08”W, 13.VII.1997, fl., A.S.F. Castro 408 (EAC). Massapê, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 24.IV.2014, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 226 (HUVA). Meruoca, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 4.VII.2002, fl., A.F.S. Castro 1208 (EAC). São Benedito, 04°02’55”S, 40°51’54”W, 22.III.2000, fl., E.B. Souza 406 (EAC). Sobral, subida da Serra da Meruoca, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 2.VI.2010, fl., M.O.M. Mesquita 38 (HUVA).

This species is endemic to Brazil, previously registered only in Ceará state in caatinga vegetation. We expanded here its occurrence to the states of Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte in Caatinga vegetation. In Ceará, this species occurs on forest edges and on granite outcrops in caatinga vegetation, and now we recorded here its occurrence on Inselberg in Atlantic Forest fragment (brejo de altitude), occurring in four phytoecological units (Tab. 2). In the study area, this species was not found in any protected area. Flowering from March to July; fruiting in April.

15. Ipomoea chiquitensis J.R.I. Wood & R.W. Scotland. Kew Bulletin 70: 18. 2015.Fig. 6o

It is characterized by having hirsute stem, inflorescence with 1-2 flowers, ovate, acute to acuminate, flat sepals, corolla 1.7-1.8 cm long, funnel shaped and glabrous capsule. Ipomoea chiquitensis is similar to I. acanthocarpa (see comments of this species).

Material examined: Crateús, 12.V.2017, fl., H.M. Meneses 2172 (EAC). Graça, Sítio Santa Clara, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 8.V.2016, fl., F.F. Araújo 24 (HUVA, EAC, PEUFR). Granja, distrito de Santa Teresinha, Cachoeira de São Miguel, 03º21’33”S, 41º01’16”W, 3.VI.2016, fl. and fr., E.B. Souza 4140 (HUVA).

This species occurs in Bolivia and in Brazil. In Brazil, it was recently recorded in the Northeast region in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí and Ceará (Santos et al. 2018). In Ceará state, it occurs in sandy soil in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area, and it is preliminarily classified as endangered (EN) (Santos et al. 2018). It ca be collected with flower and fruit from May to June.

16. Ipomoea cynanchifolia Meisn. Fl. bras. 7: 274. 1869.Fig. 6p

This species is characterized by its leaves pilose, cordiform, outer sepals obovate, inner sepals elliptical, glabrous, and funnel shaped corolla. It is similar to I. ramosissima Meisn by sharing pilose stem, glabrous sepals and small corolla (up to 2.5 cm long.). However, they differ by morphology (obovate in I. cynanchifolia vs. elliptical in I. ramosissima) and apex of the outer sepals (rounded to obtuse vs. acute).

Material examined: Meruoca, estrada para o Sítio Santo Inácio, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 11.V.2015, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 322 (HUVA).

This species occurs in the Guianas and Brazil where it is registered in the North (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Northeast (Bahia, Maranhão), Central West (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso) and Southeast regions (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), in Amazonia, Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. In the study area, it occurs only in Crystalline Wet Forest (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area. It can be collected with flowers and fruit between May and June.

17. Ipomoea eriocalyx (Mart. ex Choisy) Meisn., Fl. bras. 7: 226. 1869.

Pharbitis eriocalyx Mart. ex Choisy in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 342. 1845. Type: BRAZIL. Bahia, Soteropolin, Martius 2162 (lectotype M0184877, designated by Wood and Scotland (2020).Fig. 7a

It is characterized by its stem and leaves hirsute, lanceolate bracteoles, setose, similar to sepals, acute and ciliate sepals, corolla funnel shaped and pink. This species is similar to I. indica by sharing lanceolate sepals, differing from it by its lanceolates bracteole (vs. linear in I. indica) and ciliate sepals (vs. pilose) with acute apex (vs. acuminate).

Material examined: Fortaleza, 03°43’02”S, 38°32’35”W, 23.V.2008, fl., M.F. Moro 562 (EAC). Graça, Sítio Santa Clara, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 22.V.2015, fl., F.D.S. Santos 272 (HUVA). Granja, 03º21’33”S, 41º01’16”W, 19.VII.2014, fl., M.I.B. Loiola 2407 (EAC). Guaraciaba do Norte, 04°10’01”S, 40°44’51”W, 4.IV.1982, fl., P. Martins (EAC11209). Massapê, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 24.IV.2014, fl. and fr., M.C.P. Teixeira 06 (HUVA). Santa Quitéria, 04°19’55”S, 40º09’24”W, 29.IV.2012, fl., E.B. Souza 54355 (EAC). Viçosa do Ceará, Sítio Laranjeiras, 03°36’52”S, 41°04’02”W, 12.IX.2014, fl., E.B. Souza 3179 (HUVA).

This species is endemic to Brazil, where it is registered in the Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Piauí, Sergipe) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro) in Caatinga and Forest Atlantic domains. In Ceará state, it occurs in caatinga and it was found for the first time in enclaves of cerrado - cerrado sensu lato - in sandy soils, occurring in four phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area, in the study area. It can be found with flowers and fruit from April to September.

18. Ipomoea hederifolia L. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 925. 1759.Fig. 7b

This species is characterized by its leaves cordate to 3-lobed, pilose, outer sepals oblong to elliptic, rostrate, corolla hypocrateriform and red. It is similar to I. quamoclit L. by sharing corolla hypocrateriform and red, differing from it by its leaves cordate to 3-lobed (vs. pinnate in I. quamoclit) and rostrate sepals (vs. smooth).

Figure 7
a-p. Ipomoea from the state of Ceará, Brazil - a. I. eriocalyx - funnel shaped corolla with lanceolate sepals; b. I. hederifolia - b. hipocrateriform corolla showing the rostrate sepals; c. I. heptaphylla - corolla showing long and spiral peduncle and fruit; d. I. incarnata - funnel shaped with sepals evident ribs; e. I. indica - funnel shaped corolla showing lanceolate sepals; f. I. lanifolia - funnel shaped corolla with lanceolate sepals; g. I. longerramosa - funnel shaped corolla and sepals narrowly ovate; h. I. longibracteolata - campanulate corolla; i. I. magna - sepals obovate to elliptical; j. I. marcellia - funnel shapped corolla and ovate and oblong sepals; k. I. maurandioides - leaf blade cordiform and funnel shaped corolla; l-m. I. mauritiana - l. leaves pentalobed showing the abaxial surface; m. corolla funnel shaped corolla and concave sepals; n. I. megapotamica - funnel shaped corolla showing the sepals with gibbous basillaterals; o. I. meyeri - funnel shaped corolla and lanceolate sepals; p. I. muricata - stem aculleate and hypocrateriform corolla.

Material examined: Aiuaba, Estação Ecológica de Aiuaba, 06°34’25”S, 40°07’25”W, 31.V.1984, fl., E. Nunes (EAC12634). Catunda, 04°38’52”S, 40°12’05”W, 22.VI.2011, fl. and fr., A.S.F. Castro 2508 (EAC). Crateús, Serra das Almas, 05°04’59”S, 40°51’W, 12.IV.2003, fl., R.C. Costa 444 (EAC). Graça, Sítio Santa Clara, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 5.VI.2016, fl. and fr., F.F. Araujo 42 (HUVA). Granja, Serra de Ubatuba, 03º21’33”S, 41º01’16”W, 28.IV.2012, fl., E.B. Souza 2549 (HUVA). Independência, 05°23’47”S, 40°18’31”W, 9.V.2014, fl., A.C. Cavalcante 194 (CEN). Jati, 07°38’27”S, 38°53’48”W, 30.IV.2009, fl., J.R. Maciel 1108 (HVASF). Maranguape, 03°53’27”S, 38°41’08”W, 13.VI.1996, fr., A.S.F. Castro 195 (EAC). Massapê, Gameleira, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 25.V.2014, fl. and fr., M.C.P. Teixeira 25 (HUVA). Mauriti, 07°18’10”S, 38°39’33”W, 26.V.2010, fl., Marcondes Oliveira 4906 (HVASF). Meruoca, Sítio Olho D’água das Pombas, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 23.V.2013, fl., F.D.S. Santos 230 (HUVA). Quixadá, 04°54’16”S, 39°08’25”W, 14.VIII.2014, fl. and fr., M.L. Guedes 22250 (HUEFS). Quixeré, 05°12’07”S, 37°47’17”W, 13.VI.1996, fl. and fr., L.W. Lima-Verde 272 (EAC, IPA, MOSS). Santa Quitéria, Serra do Quati, 04°19’55”S, 40º09’24”W, 11.VII.1984, fl., E. Nunes et al. (EAC12750). Sobral, Boqueirão, 03°37’08”S, 40°18’31”W, 22.V.2015, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 273 (HUVA). Ubajara, 03°51’16”S, 40°55’16”W, 11.VII.2009, fl., E.B. Souza 1722 (HUEFS).

This species occurs in the Estados Unidos, Mexico, Jamaica, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Republica Dominicana, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. In Brazil, it occurs in all regions and phytogeographic domains. In Ceará, this species was registered in forest edges in sandy clay soils in seven phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was found in a protected area (Tab. 1). It can be found with flowers and fruit from February to August.

19. Ipomoea heptaphylla Sweent Hort. Brit. 372. 1830.

Convolvulus heptaphyllus Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2, 2: 66. 1824.Fig. 7c

Ipomoea heptaphylla can be easily recognized by habit twining climber, glabrous, and palmatilobed leaves, long peduncle and spiral, funnel shaped and pink corolla. In Ceará, this species differ from other species of Ipomoea by presence of spiral peduncule, but it can be confused with I. aristolochiifolia, distinguished in the comments of this species.

Material examined: Sobral, Faz. Experimental da UVA, 03°37’08”S, 40°18’31”W, 19.VII.2017, fl. and fr., E.B. Souza et al. 4705 (EAC, HUEFS). Penaforte, 07°48’29”S, 39°04’48”W, 18.VIII.2009, fl., A.P.B. Santos 02 (HVASF). Várzea Alegre, 06°47’20”S, 39°17’45”W, 18.VII.2014, fl., A.S.F. Castro 2822 (EAC).

This species occurs in the Estados Unidos, Jamaica, Haiti, Nicaragua, Republica Dominicana, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina. In Brazil, it occurs in North (Tocantins), Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast regions (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga domains. In Ceará state, it was found in sandy soil in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2), and was not found in any protected area. It can be found with flowers and fruits from July to August.

20. Ipomoea incarnata (Vahl) Choisy. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 360. 1845.

Convolvulus incarnatus Vahl, Eclog. 2: 12. 1798.Fig. 7d

This species is characterized by its stem glabrous, lenticellate, and glabrous sepals with evident ribs, differing from other species of Ipomoea in study area for presenting lenticellate stem, and sepals with evident ribs.

Material examined: Aiuaba, Estação Ecológica, 06°34’25”S, 40°07’25”W, 8.IV.2005, fr., J.R. Lemos 313 (HUVA). Aracati, 04°33’42”S, 37°46’11”W, 30.V.1987, fl., A Fernandes & E. Nunes (EAC15273). Beberibe, 04°10’47”S, 38°07’50”W, 9.VIII.1999, fl., A.S.F. Castro 750 (EAC). Brejo Santos, 07°29’36”S, 38°59’14”W, 26.VI.1996, fl. and fr., M.A.P. Silva 2337 (EAC). Massapê, Comunidade Pé de Serra, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 17.VIII.2013, fl., F.D.S. Santos 66 (HUVA). Meruoca, Sítio Santo Inácio, 03°32’30”S, 40°27’18”W, 23.I.2015, fl., J.E.M. Nascimento 237 (HUVA); Sítio Santo Inácio, 11.V.2015, fl., F.D.S. Santos 316 (HUVA). Quixeré, 05°12’07”S, 37°47’17”W, 16.VI.1997, fl., L.M.R. Melo 120 (EAC).

This species occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Brazil. In Brazil, it occurs in the Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais), in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains. In Ceará, this species was registered in large populations on rocky outcrop in forest edges over sandy soils in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This taxon was found in a protected area. It can be found with flowers and fruits between January and August.

21. Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 445. 1917.

Convolvulus indicus Burm., Herb. Amboin. Actuar. [6]. 1755.Fig. 7e

It is characterized by having leaves cordiform to trilobed, pilose, linear bracteole, sepals lanceolate, acuminate, pilose, smooth, and purple corolla. This species is similar to I. eriocalyx, being distinguished in comments of this species.

Material examined: Aratuba, Sítio Brejo, 04°25’06”S, 39°02’42”W, 17.X.1978, fl., A. Fernandes (EAC4133). Guaramiranga, 04°15’48”S, 38°55’59”W, 11.IV.1998, fl., A.S.F. Castro 549 (EAC). Pacoti, 04°14’10”S, 38°58’00”W, 12.VIII.2011, fl., F.S. Gomes et al. 969 (ALCB). Tianguá, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 03°45’33”S, 40°58’51”W, fl., E.B. Souza et al. 3249 (HUVA). Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, 9.VI.2016, fl., J.A.A.M. Lourenço et al. 94 (PEUFR).

This species occurs in the Estados Unidos, Cuba, Belize, Bahamas, Republica Dominicana, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Uruguai, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. In Brazil, this species is widely distributed in the North (Amazonas, Amapá), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), South regions (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), in all phytogeographic domains. In Ceará state, it grows in sandy soils in three phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area. It was found with flowers in April, August and October.

22. Ipomoea lanifolia D.Santos & Buril, Rodriguesia, 72: 00-78. 2021.Fig. 7f

Ipomoea lanifolia is characterized by having habit twining climber, leaf blade with a densely lanate abaxial surface with long hairs, and outer sepals smooth and lanceolate with acuminate apex. It is similar to I. brasiliana (Choisy) Meisn. by sharing strongly discolor leaf blades, and tomentose bracteoles and sepals. However, it differs from this by having leaf blade with a densely lanate abaxial surface with long hairs (vs. leaf blade with a pubescent abaxial surface), and lanceolate outer sepals with acuminate apex (vs. ovate sepals with obtuse apex).

Material examined: Novo Oriente, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 3.V.1991, fl., F.S. Araujo 424 (EAC, HST).

Ipomoea lanifolia is endemic to the Caatinga domain. It is known from only two localities in the Ibiapaba-Araripe Complex in Ceará state in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species occurs mainly in vegetation “carrasco” - a phytoecological type established mostly in sandy quartzite soils (Moro et al. 2015). It should be preliminarily considered endangered - EN (Santos et al. 2020) even though it occurs in a priority area for biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga domain (MMA 2004).

23. Ipomoea longeramosa Choisy., Prodr. 9: 384. 1845.Fig. 7g

Ipomoea longeramosa is characterized by having pilose to glabrescent stem, 4-5-palmatilobed leaves, narrowly ovate sepals, flat with acute to acuminate apex, and yellow corolla with dark tube. It is similar to I. mauritiana and I. setosa by they share 4-5-palmatilobed leaves, and smooth sepals. However, I. longeramosa differs from the first by the shape (narrowly ovate in I. longeramosa vs. elliptical, obovate and suborbiculars in I. mauritiana) and concavity of the sepals (flat vs. convex), and corolla color (yellow with tube vinaceous vs. pink); I. longeramosa differs from the second by indumentum type of the stem (pilose to glabrescent in I. longeramosa vs. setose in I. setosa), and apex of the sepals (acute to acuminate vs. obtuse, rounded).

Material examined: Caridade, 04°13’56”S, 39°11’33”W, 2.VI.1991, fl., L.C. Coelho (EAC18737). Crateús, Serra das Almas, 05°04’59”S, 40°51’W, 22.IV.2010, fl., I.H.C.V. Vas da Silva 12 (EAC). Graça, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 28.V.2015, fl., P. Michael 38 (HUVA). Independência, 05°23’47”S, 40°18’31”W, 7.V.2014, fl., A.C. Cavalcante 179 (CEN). Irauçuba, Fazenda Urubú, 03°44’46”S, 39°46’59”W, 22.IV.1995, fl. and fr., C.A.O. 658 (HUVA). Jaguaribe, Maciço do Pereiro, 05°53’26”S, 38°37’19”W, 11.VII.2013, fl., A.S.F. Castro 2742 (EAC). Massapê, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 24.IV.2014, fl., M.C.P. Teixeira 07 (HUVA). Quixadá, faz. Iracema, 04°54’16”S, 39°08’25”W, 5.VI.1982, fl., E. Nunes (EAC11570). Quixeramobim, 05°11’57”S, 39°17’34”W, 2.VI.1941. fl., P. Bezerra (EAC318). Sobral, Fazenda Experimental da UVA, Lagoa Grande, 03°37’08”S, 40°18’31”W, 21.V.2010, fl. and fr, M.O.M. Mesquita 13980 (HUVA).

This species occurs in Brazil and Venezuela. In Brazil, it is registered in the North (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast regions (Minas Gerais), in Caatinga and Cerrado domais. In Ceará, this species occurs in open area in sandy soils in three phytoecological units (Tab. 2), and was not found in any protected area. It ca be collected with flowers and fruits between April to July.

24. Ipomoea longibracteolata Sim.-Bianch. & J. R. I. Wood, Kew Bulletin 72: 8-15. 2017.Fig. 7h

This species is characterized by its tomentose leaves, bracteoles cimbiform, obovate, ovate to elliptical, hirsute to glabresceent sepals with obtuse to rounded apex, and campanulate and white corolla with vinaceus lacinias. It is similar to I. magna by its cimbiform, obovate and elliptical bracteoles. However, I. longibracteolata differs from I. magna by the hirsute sepals (vs. glabrous in I. magna), campanulate corolla (vs. funnel shaped) white with vinaceous lacinias (vs. pink).

Material examined: Guaramiranga, Sítio Salva-Vidas, 04°15’48”S, 38°55’59”W, 6.VI.2008, fl., L.W. Lima-Verde 3483 (EAC). Meruoca, Sítio Santa Maria, 03°58’27”S, 38°39’20”W, 11.IV.2017, fl., F.D.S. Santos 322 (HUVA).

Ipomoea longibracteolata is endemic to Brazil, occurring in the Northeast (Bahia), Central West (Goiás) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais). This species was recently registered for the Atlantic Forest domains, previously cited only for the Caatinga and Cerrado domains (Santos et al. in press). In Ceará, it occurs in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2), and was not found in any protected area. It can be found with flowers in April and June.

25. Ipomoea magna Sim.-Bianch. & J.R.I. Wood, Kew Bulletin 72(1): 8-15. 2017.Fig. 7i

Ipomoea magna is characterized by having tomentose stem, cordiform leave, bracteoles glabrous, sepals obovate to elliptical, glabrous, corolla funnel shaped and pink. It is similar to I. longibracteolata, being differentiated in the comments of this species. It is also similar to I. brasiliana by sharing pink corolla, included stamens, and bracteoles not enveloping the buds. However, it differs of this by glabrous bracteole (vs. tomentose in I. brasiliana).

Material examined: Guaramiranga, Pico Alto, 04°15’48”S, 38°55’59”W, 28.III.2015, fl., M.I.B. Loiola et al. 2566 (EAC).

This species is endemic to Brazil, occuring in Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Pernambuco), Central West (Goiás) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais, São Paulo), in Caatinga and Cerrado domains. In Ceará state, this species was collected in Crystalline Wet Forest, being recorded here their first record in the Atlantic Forest. This species was not found in any protected area. It ca be found wth flowers in March.

26. Ipomoea marcellia Meisn. Fl. bras. 7: 257. 1869.

Marcellia villosa Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 10: 443. 1844. et al. 2017).Fig. 7j

Ipomoea marcellia is charcaterized by its cordiform and tomentose leaves, ovate to oblong and tomentose sepals, exserted stamens, funnel shaped and yellowish white corolla. It is similar to I. vespertilia F.D. Santos, G.C. Delgado-Junior & Buril, differing from it by its perennial leaves during the dry period (vs. deciduous in I. vespertilia), funnelform corolla (vs. tubular) yellowish white (vs. greenish), and exserted stamens (vs. inserted).

Material examined: Aiuaba, terreno cristalino arenoso, 30.V.1996, fr., L.W. Lima-Verde 243 (EAC, HUEFS). Guaramiranga, Pico Alto, 28.III.2015, fl. and fr., M.I.B. Loiola et al. 2566 (EAC). Jardim, Boa Vista, 11.VI.1996, fl., M.A.P. Silva (EAC 24106). Maranguape, Serra de Maranguape, 26.VI.1981, fr., E. Nunes (EAC 10494). Tianguá, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 19.V.2017, fl. and fr., Souza E.B. 4592 (EAC, HUEFS).

This species is endemic to Caatinga domains, where it occurs in the região Northeast Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe). In Ceará state, it occurs in sandy soils in three phytoecological units (Tab. 2) in a protected area (Tab. 1). It can be found with flowers and fruits from March to June.

27. Ipomoea maurandioides Meisn., Fl. bras. 7: 275. 1869.Fig. 7k

It is characterized by its prostrate or twining stem, leaves cordiform to hastate, tomentose to glabrescent, ovate bracteole, unequal sepals, one ovate outer sepals smaller than the others, funnel shaped, pink corolla, and ovoid capsule. This species differ from other species of Ipomoea in study area by this having ovate bracteoles, ovate outer sepals smaller than the inner ones, and ovoid capsule.

Material examined: Tianguá, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 21.VIII.1987, fl. and fr., A. Fernandes (EAC 15092). Parque Eólico, ao longo da BR-222, 11.VI.2016, fl. and fr., J.A.A.M. Lourenço et al. 115 (PEUFR). Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, 9.VI.2016, fl., J.A.A.M. Lourenço et al. 95 (PEUFR).

This species occurs in the Argentina and Brazil. In Brazil, it is distributed in the North (Pará, Tocantins), Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão), Central West (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast (Minas Gerais), South regions (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina). In the Ceará, it was found in Crystalline Wet Forest, municipality of Tiangua, Ibiapaba Plateau. This way, we present here the first record of this species for the Atlantic Forest domain which was previously cited only for the Cerrado and Pampas domains. This species was found in two protected area (Tab. 1). It can be found with flowers and fruit in June and August.

28. Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Collectanea 4: 216. 1790.Fig. 7l-m

This species can be characterized by having leaves 5-palmatilobed, sepals convex, glabrous, and funnel shaped and pink corolla. It is similar to I. setosa by sharing leaves palmatilobed, and smooth sepals, differing from it by indumentum type of the leaves (pilose to glabrescent in I. mauritiana vs. setose in I. setosa) and concavity sepals (convex vs. flat). It is also similar to I. longeramosa, differentiated in comments of this species.

Material examined: Caucaia, 03°44’10”S, 38°39’11”W, 6.VI.2010, fr., A.S.F. Castro 2328 (EAC). Eusébio, 03°53’24”S, 38°27’02”W, 15.VI.2010, fr., A.S.F. Castro 2328 (EAC). Fortaleza, 03°43’02”S, 38°32’35”W, 13.III.2010, fl., A.S.F. Castro (EAC26159). Pacatuba, Serra da Aratanha, 03°59’03”S, 38°37’13”W, 7.VII.1996, fl., A. Fernandes (EAC15092).

This species has record in Nicaragua, Haiti, Republica Dominicana, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guiana and Peru. According to Flora of Brazil website (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2023), this species occurs in the North (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará), Northeast (Maranhão) and Central West regions (Mato Grosso), in Amazonia domains. Here, we expanded the distribution of this species to Ceará state, where it was found in fragment of Atlantic forest (Crystalline Dry Forest), being this their first record for this domain. This species was not found in any protected area. In the study area, it was colected with flowers and fruits from March to July.

29. Ipomoea megapotamica Choisy, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 375. 1845.Fig. 7n

Ipomoea megapotamica is characterized by having leaves with face abaxial densely silver-sericeous, sepals ovate, sericeous with gibbous basillaterals, funnel shaped corolla, differing from other species Ipomoea in the study area by having gibbous at the base on sepals. It can be confused to I. subincana because they share tomentose stem, differing from this one by having ribs slender on the abaxial face (vs. robust on I. subincana) and gibbose sepals (vs. smooth).

Material examined: Aiuaba, Estação Ecológica de Aiuaba, 06°34’25”S, 40°07’25”W, 20.III.1980, fl. and fr., A. Fernandes (SPF76871). Canindé, 04º21’32”S, 39º18’42”W, 15.V.2008, fl., M.O.T. Menezes (EAC44361). Caridade, 04°13’56”S, 39°11’33”W, 19.V.1991, fl., L.C. Coelho (EAC18719). Carnaubal, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 04°10’00”S, 40°56’34”W, 30.IV.2010, fl., E.B. Souza 1842 (HUEFS, HUVA). Crateús, 05°04’59”S, 40°51’W, 08.XI.2014, fl., D. Texeira 30 (EAC). Crato, 07°14’03”S, 39°24’33”W, 23.V.1999, fl., A.M. Miranda 3355 (EAC, IPA). Graça, Santa Clara, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 05.VI.2016, fl., F.F. Araujo 44 (HUVA). Groaíras, 03°55’18”S, 40°23’14”W, 7.IV.2017, fl., E.B. Souza 4573 (EAC). Ipaumirim, 06°47’23”S, 38°43’09”W, 20.V.2014, fr., J.L. Costa-Lima 1224 (HUEFS). Itapipoca, Maciço de Uruburetama, Pico de Itacoatiara, 03°36’14”S, 39°55’22”W, 11.V.2015, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 356 (HUVA). Meruoca, Sítio Santo Inácio, 03°58’27”S, 38°39’20”W, 5.V.2013, fl., J.E.M. Nascimento 120 (HUVA). Milagres, 07°18’48”S, 38°56’44”W, 9.X.2009, fl., J.R.Andrade et al. 217 (PEUFR). Quixeré, 05°12’07”S, 37°47’17”W, 17.IV.1997, fl., Lima-Verde et al. (EAC5809). Várzea Alegre, 05°21’00”S, 40°22’60”W, 17.V.1985, fr., A. Fernandes et al. (EAC13163).

This species occurs in the Bolívia, Paraguay, and Brazil. In Brazil, it occurs in the North (Tocantins), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast (Minas Gerais, São Paulo), and South (Rio Grande do Sul) regions, in the Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. In Ceará state, it occurs in rupestre vegetation in sandy soils in three phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was found in a protected area. It was found with flowers and fruits in March and November; fruit in March and May.

30. Ipomoea meyeri G. Don, General History of the Dichlamydeous 4: 275. 1837.

Convolvulus meyeri Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 597 1824.Fig. 7o

This species can be characterized by having hirsute stem, cordiform to trilobed leaves, lanceolate and hirsute sepals with acute apex. It is similar to I. nil by sharing hirsute stem and leave, and hirsute sepals. However, they differ by shaping of the bracteoles (lanceolate in I. meyeri vs linear in I. nil), shape (lanceolate vs. ovate to elliptic) and apex (acute vs. long-acuminate) of the sepals.

Material examined: Graça, estrada para o Sítio Santo Inácio, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 11.V.2015, fl. and fr., A.F.B. Silva 07 (HUVA); 11.V.2015, fl., F.F. Araújo 18 (HUEFS).

Ipomoea meyeri occurs in the Mexico, Jamaica, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil and Peru. In Brazil, the species is naturalized in region Northeast (Maranhão state) in the Amazon. In the study area, it occurs in anthropized environment only in Crystalline Caatinga, and it was not found in any protected area. This species was collected with flowers and fruits in May.

31. Ipomoea muricata (L) Jacq. Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 40 (t. 323). 1803.

Convolvulus muricatus L., Mant. Pl. 1: 44. 1767.Fig. 7p

It is charactrized by its aculleate stem, sepals with acuminate apex, and hypocrateriform corolla with fauce purple. Ipomoea muricata can be confused with I. parasitica by sharing aculleate stem, differing from it by the presence or absence of indumentum of the stem and leaves (glabrous in I. muricata vs. pilose in I. parasitica), apex of the sepals (acuminate vs. obtuse to rounded) and corolla type (hypocrateriform vs. funnel shaped). This species is also similar to I. alba (see comments of this species).

Material examined: Aquiraz, 03º54’05”S, 38º23’28”W, 21.V.2011, A.S.F. Castro 2493 (EAC). Canindé, 04º21’32”S, 39º18’42”W, 27.VI.2008, fr., M.F. Moro 506 (EAC). Caucaia, 03º44’10”S, 38º39’11”W, 17.VI.2006, fl. and fr., A.S.F. Castro 1810 (EAC). Graça, Sítio Santa Clara, 04°22’45”S, 38°00’36”W, 20.VI.2015, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 317 (HUVA). Massapê, Gameleira, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 23.VI.2014, fl. and fr., M.C.P. Teixeira 26 (HUVA).

It occurs in Estados Unidos, Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil and Argentina. In Brazil, this species is naturalized in the Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais, São Paulo), in the Caatinga domain. In Ceará state, it is associated maily with anthropized environment in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This taxon was not found any protected area. It was collected with flowers and fruit in June.

32. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth., Catal. Bot. 1: 36. 1797.

Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 219. 1762.Fig. 8a

The species is characterized by having twining habit, hirsute leaves, linears bracteoles, ovate to ellipticals sepals, hirsute with longo-acuminate apex. It is similar to I. meyeri, differentiated in the comments of this species.

Material examined: Aiuaba, 06°34’25”S, 40°07’25”W, 25.IV.1996, fl., M.A. Figueiredo 572 (EAC). Canindé, 04º21’32”S, 39º18’42”W, 15.V.2008, fl., M.O.T. Menezes (EAC44364). Crateus, 05°04’59”S, 40°51’W, 16.III.2003, fl. and fr., R.C. Costa 448 (EAC). Crato, 07°04’59”S, 39º24’33”W, 25.V.1999. fl. and fr., A.M. Miranda 3441 (HUEFS). Iguatu, 12.V.2010, fl., L.R.O. Normando et al. 27 (EAC). Independencia, 05°23’47”S, 40°18’31”W, 2.IV.2014, fl., A.C. Cavalcante 159 (CEN). Irauçuba, 20.V.2002, fl., M. Sales (EAC31622). Maracanaú, 03°52’36”S, 38°37’32”W, 17.V.1998, fl., A.F. Castro 575 (EAC). Massapê, Gameleira, 03°31’22”S, 40°20’34”W, 20.IV.2014, fl. and fr., M.C.P. Teixeira 21 (HUVA). Monsenhor Tabosa, Sítio Cedro, 06°36’24”S, 39°03’44”W, 18.IV.2005, fl., D.S. Melo 56 (HUVA); 29.IV.2005, fl., J.R.O. Peixoto 83 (HUVA). Quixeramobim, 25.VII.1995, fl., A.S.F. Castro (EAC23125).

It occurs in Estados Unidos, Mexico, Haiti, Republica Dominicana, Cuba, Bahamas, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Guianas, Ecuador, Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina. In Brazil, it is naturalized in the North (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Tocantins), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), South regions (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), in all phytogeographical domains. In Ceara state, this species is frequent in areas under anthropic influence in three phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was found in a protected area (Tab. 1). It was collected with flowers and fruit between March to July.

33. Ipomoea parasitica (Kunth) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 275. 1838.

Convolvulus parasiticus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 103. 1818 [pub. 1819].Fig. 8b-c

This species is characterized by its aculleate stem, pilose leaves, ovate sepals, and funnel shaped corolla. It is similar to I. alba and I. muricata by they share aculleate stem, differing from these in their comments.

Material examined: Ibiapina, Sítio Boqueirão, 4.VI.2012, fl., M.I.B. Loiola 1732 (EAC). Itapipoca, Comunidade Quilombola de Nazaré, 1.VII.2017, fl., J.C.M.S.M. Sobczak 679 (EAC). Meruoca, Sítio Santa Cruz, 22.VII.2015, fl. and fr., E.B.S. Souza 3662 (HUVA). Quixadá, subida da Serra do Estevão, 14.VIII.2014, fl., M.L. Guedes 22237 (HUEFS). Sobral, subida do maciço, 2.VI.2010, fl. and fr., M.O.M. Mesquita et al. 45 (HUVA); 21.VIII.2009, fl. and fr., M.F. Mata 2052 (HUVA); Sítio Santo Antônio dos Fernandes, 4.VII.2002, fr., A.S.F. Castro 1206 (EAC); Sítio Santa Cruz, 26.VII.2016, fr., E.B. Souza & F.A.A. Nepomuceno 4333 (EAC).

Figure 8
a-p. Ipomoea from the state of Ceará, Brazil - a. I. nil - funnel shaped corolla with lanceolate sepals; b-c. I. parasitica - b. funnel shaped corolla showing the aculeate stem; c. fruit. ovoid; d. I. pes-caprae - funnel shaped corolla showing the ovate sepals; e. I. quamoclit - pinnate leaves and hipocrateriform corolla; f. I. ramosissima - funnel shaped corolla with elliptical sepals; g. I. rosea - button floral and rostrate sepals; h. I. sericosepala - funnel shaped and oblong sepals; i-j. I. setosa - i. branches setose with button floral showing the ovate sepals; j. funnel shaped corolla and fruit. k-l. I. tenera - k. funnel shaped corolla; l. detail of the outer sepals with longitudinal ridges; m. I. tiliacea - side view of the corolla; n. I. triloba - funnel shaped corolla with acute sepals; o-p. I. vespertilia - o. side view of the corolla; p. corolla in anthesis.

It is distributed in Mexico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Venezuela and Brazil. In Brazil, it is naturalized, occurring in the Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Distrito Federal, Goiás) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais), in the Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains. In Ceara state, this species occurs mainly in anthropized environment in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2), and was not found in protected area (Tab. 1). It ca be collected with flowers and fruit between July and August.

34. Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br., Observ. Congo, 58. 1818.

Convolvulus pes-caprae L., Sp. Pl. 159. 1753.Fig. 8d

This species is characterized by having decumbent habit, oblong to orbiculate leaves, with emarginata apex, sepals equal in size and ovate. It is similar to I. asarifolia, distinguished from it in the comments of this species.

Material examined: Caucaia, praia do Cumbuco, em dunas, 12.03.2000, fr., L.Q. Matias 203 (EAC). Fortaleza, praia de Sabiaguaba, 26.IX.2002, fr., A.S.F. Castro 1371 (EAC 32268). Icapuí, 9.IX.2000, fl., R.S. Oliveira (EAC30258). Iguape, 7.I.1977, fl., A. Fernandes (EAC 3073); 12.I.2018, fl., J.A. Siqueira Filho 3976 (HVASF). Itapipoca, Praia da Baleia, 28.VIII.1991, fl., E. Nunes (EAC 17890). São Gonçalo do Amarante, 28.III.1999. fl., D.S. Sampaio (EAC 27586).

It occurs in the Mexico, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Brazil. In Brazil, it has record in the North (Pará), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Southeast (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), South regions (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), in restinga vegetation in the Amazonia and Atlantic Forest domains. In Ceará state, it occurs in sandy soils in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area. It ca be collected with flowers and fruits from January to September.

35. Ipomoea quamoclit L., Sp. Pl., 1: 159. 1753.Fig. 8e

It is characterized by having twining habit, pinnate leaves, sepals oblong to elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, corolla hypocrateriform and red. In the study area, it is similar to I. hederifolia by they share hypocrateriform and red corolla, differing from it in comments of this sepcies.

Material examined: Caucaia, Taquara, 28.VII.2006, fl., fr., R.A. Moreira (EAC). Fortaleza, bairro Cambeba, 15.VI.2008, fl., M.F. Moro 520 (EAC). São Gonçalo do Amarante, 29.III.2019, fl., E.M.P. Lucena 449 (EAC). Tururu, 17.VI.2017, fl., J.C.M.S.M. Sobczak 663 (EAC).

It is widely cultivated and sometimes naturalized throughout the tropics. It occurs in Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, United States, Guyana, Peru, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela. In Brazil, it occur in all regions and state in Amazonia, Atlantic forest, Caatinga, Cerrado domains. In Ceará state, it occurs in sandy soils in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2), and was not found in protected area. It was found with flowers in June and fruit in July.

36. Ipomoea ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, Prodr., 9: 377. 1845.

Convolvulus cymosus Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 9. 1799.Fig. 8f

It is characterized by having leaves cordiform, pilose to glabrescent, sepals elliptical, glabrous, corolla funnel shaped and pink. It can be confused with I. cynachifolia, distinguished from it in the comments of this species. This is also similar to I. tiliacea by sharing cordiform leaves, sepals elliptical and glabrous, differing from it by its equal sepals in size (vs. unequals in I. tiliacea).

Material examined: Aiuaba, 4.VI.1997, fl., E.O. Barros 46 (EAC). Crato, Floresta Nacional do Araripe, estrada Exu-Crato, 5.V.1991, fl., G.L. Esteves 2572 (MAC). Granjeiro, 19.VII.2014, fl., A.S.F. Castro 2833 (EAC). Jati, Sítio Balanço, 12.V.2009, fl., Marcondes Oliveira 4091 (HVASF). Meruoca, Sítio Santo Inácio, 13.VI.2016, fl., F.D.S. Santos 502 (PEUFR); trilha do Delta, 2.VI.2010, fl., M.O.M. Mesquita et al. 44 (HUVA); Sítio Santo Inácio, 12.VI.2016, fl. and fr., J.E.M. Nascimento 78 (HUVA). Quixeré, Faz. Mato Alto, 17.VI.1997, fl., L.W. Lima-Verde 816 (EAC).

Species widely distributed in tropical America, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. In Brazil, it occur in North (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins), Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pernambuco, Sergipe) Central West (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso) Southeast (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo) South (Paraná, Santa Catarina), in all domains. In Ceara state, it occurs in sandy soils in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area. It was found with flowers in May to June, and fruit in June.

37. Ipomoea rosea Choisy, Prodr. 9: 384. 1845.Fig. 8g

It is characterized by its compound leaves (trifoliolate), rostrate sepals, corolla funnel shaped and pink. Ipomoea rosea differ from other species of Ipomoea in study area by its composite leaves (trifoliolates) associated with the rostrate sepals.

Material examined: Aiuaba, Estação Ecológica de Aiuaba, 26.IV.2005, fl., P. Matias 174 (IPA). Brejo Santo, 12.V.2009, fl., O. Marcondes 4088 (HVASF). Carnaubal, Pl. Ibiapaba, 30.IV.2010, fl. and fr., E.M. Marreira 83 (EAC 47939). Crateús, Serra das Almas, 20.V.1997, fl. and fr., E.O. Barros (EAC 25647). General Sampaio, RPPN Francy Nunes, 26.V.2007, fl. and fr., M.F. Moro 184 (EAC). Quixadá, Fazenda Não me Deixe, 1.VI.2000, fl., R.C. Quixadá (EAC). Quixeramobim, 6.VI.1984, fl. and fr., J.E.R. Collares 181 (MBM). Quixeré, Fazenda Mato Alto, 13.V.1997, fl., L.M.R. Lemos 48 (EAC). Iguatú, 19.IV.2009, fl., B.G. Lima 432 (MOSS). Lavas da Mangabeira, 18.V.1985, fl., A. Fernandes (EAC 13192). Mauriti, afloramento rochoso, 11.V.2009, fl., M.T. Buril 298 (HVASF). Sobral, Unidade de Conservação Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Pedra da Andorinha, 30.III.2017, fl., E.B. Souza 4497 (EAC). Tianguá, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 19.V.2017, fl., E.B. Souza 4579 (HUEFS).

Endemic to Brazil, where it is restricted to Northeast region (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), in the Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains. In Ceará state, it occurs in sandy soils in four phytoecological units (Tab. 2) in four protected areas (Tab. 1). It can be found with flowers and fruit between April and June.

38. Ipomoea sericosepala J. R. I. Wood & Scotland J., Kew Bull. 70(3)-31:21. 2015.

Rivea cordata Choisy in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 326. 1845.Fig. 8h

This species is characterized by having leaves discolor, sericeous, sepals oblong, sericeous, and indehiscent capsule. In the study area, it differs from other species of Ipomoea by the indehiscent capsule (vs. dehiscent).

Material examined: Aiuaba, Estação Ecológica de Aiuaba, 10.XII.2003, fr., J.R. Lemos (EAC 38273). Canidé, Salgado, 11.II.2012, fl. and fr., A.S.F. Castro 2628 (EAC). Jaguaribe, maciço do Pereira, 11.IV.2011, fl., A.M. Miranda 6595 (EAC). Maranguape, Serra de Maranguape, 20.VII.1955, fr., A. Ducke (EAC 1443); 16.IX.1997, fr., A.S.F. Castro 479 (EAC). Meruoca, Sítio Santo Inácio, 5.IV.2015, fl., J.E.M. Nascimento 218 (EAC). Novo Oriente, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 5.I.1991, fr., F.S. Araújo 231 (EAC). Santa Quitéria, 24.IV.2012, fr., J. Paula-Souza 10897 (EAC); 28.IV.2012, fl, J. Paula-Souza 11128 (EAC).

It is registered in the Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. In Brazil, it occurs in North (Amapá, Pará, Rondônia, Tocantins), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe) Central West (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), South (Paraná) regions, in Amazonia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest. In Ceará state, it occurs in forest edges in sandy soil in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was found in two protected areas. It was collected with flowers and fruits from January to December.

39. Ipomoea setosa Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 4: 335. 1818.Fig. 8i-j

This species can be recognized by its setose stem and peduncle, leaf blade 3-5 palmatilobed, ovate, smooth and flat sepals, funnel shaped and purple corolla. It can be confused with I. tenera by sharing 5-palmatilobed leaves, differing from this by having smooth sepals (vs. sepals with longitudinal ridges in I. tenera). It is also similar to I. mauritiana, distinguishing from it in its comments.

Material examined: Baturité, Serra do Evaristo, 10.VI.2017, fl. and fr., J.C.M.S.S. Sobczak 643 (EAC). General Sampaio, 27.V.2007, fr., M.F. Moro 204 (EAC). Meruoca, 15.V.1987, fr., A. Fernandes (SPF76861); 4.VII.2002, fl. and fr., A.S.F. Castro 1207 (EAC). Sobral, Emprapa Caprinos, 3.VII.2002, fl., Mamede M. 92 (EAC).

It occurs in the México, Nicarágua, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panamá, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina. In Brazil, it is registered in the Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), Central West (Distrito Federal), Southeast regions (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), in the Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. In Ceará state, it was found in anthropized environments in Crystalline Dry Forest (Tab. 2), and was not found in any protected area. It can be found with flowers and fruits between May and July.

40. Ipomoea tenera Meisn., Fl. brasil. 7: 289. 1869.Fig. 8k-l

Ipomoea tenera is characterized by having leaf blade 5-palmatilobed, outer sepals with longitudinal ridges and corolla funnel shaped. In study area it is similar to I. setosa, differing from this one in its comments.

Material examined: Quixadá, Fazenda Iracema, 5.VI.1982, fl., E. Nunes (EAC).

Endemic to the Caatinga domain, occurring in Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte) and Southeast regions (Minas Gerais) of Brazil. In Ceará state, it occus in sandy soils in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This species was not found in any protected area, and was collected with flowers in June.

41. Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, Prodr. 9: 375. 1845.

Convolvulus tiliaceus Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 203. 1809.Fig. 8m

The species is characterized by its leaves cordiform, pilose to glabrescent, one outer sepals smaller than others, elliptical, glabrous, acuminate apex, corolla funnel shaped and pink. It can be confused with I. ramosissima, differing from it in its comments.

Material examined: Aratuba, estrada para Camará, 15.IX.2015, fl., A.S.F. Castro 2891 (EAC). Pacoti, estrada para Pernambuquinho, 5.VII.1998, fl., A.S.F. Castro 591 (EAC). F. Freire Alemão & M. Cysneiros 1088 (R).

This species occurs in Mexico, Jamaica, Haiti, Bahamas, Guatema, Nicaragua, Republica Dominicana, Costa Rica, Panama, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Paraguay and Brazil. In Brazil, it has record in the North (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco), Southeast (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), South regions (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), in Amazonia, Atlantic Forest domains. In Ceará state, it occurs in clay soils in forest edges in two phytoecological units (Tab. 2). This taxon was not found in any protected area, and it can be found with flowers in July and September.

42. Ipomoea triloba L., Sp. Pl. 1: 161. 1753.Fig. 8n

This species is characterized by its stem sarmentose or twining climber, hirsute to glabrescent, sepals elliptical, acute, hirsute, smooth, flat, corolla white or pink, and capsule with hirsute apex. Ipomoea triloba is similar to I. batatas, distinguished from it in its comments.

Material examined: Brejo Santo, 14.V.2009, fl., M.T. Buril 320 (HUEFS). Canindé, Iguaçu, 27.VI.2008, fl., M.F. Moro 508 (EAC). Crato, 5.V.1991, fl., G.L. Esteves 2572 (SPF). Graça, Sítio Santa Clara, 10.VI.2015, fl. and fr., F.F. Araujo 03 (HUVA). Itapipoca, Maciço de Uruburetama, Pico de Itacoatiara, 28.II.2014, fl., F.D.S. Santos 121 (HUVA). Meruoca, Sítio Santa Cruz, Trilha do Delta, 22.VII.2015, fl., E.B. Souza 3673 (HUVA). Mucambo, Bairro Mucambinho, 11.VI.2016, fl. and fr., F.F. Araujo 47 (HUVA). Quixadá, 28.VI.1978, fr., A. Fernandes (EAC4175). Sobral, subida da Serra da Meruoca, 2.VI.2010, fl., M.O.M. Mesquita et al. 41 (HUVA).

This taxon is distributed in Estados Unidos, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Republica Dominicana, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil and Peru. In Brazil, it occurs in the North (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins), Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte), Central West (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), South regions (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), and in all phytogeographic domains. In study area, it is mainly associated with anthropized environments in three phytoecological units (Fig. 2). This species was not found in any protected area. It can be collected with flowers and fruits from February and July.

43. Ipomoea vespertilia F.D. Santos, G.C. Delgado-Junior & Buril, Brittonia 71(2): 191. 2019.Fig. 8o-p

In the study area, I. vespertilia is recognized by its deciduous leaves during the dry period, daytime anthesis, and greenish corolla with curved tube. This species is similar to I. marcellia, distinguished from it in its comments.

Material examined: Sobral, subida da serra da Meruoca, 21.VII.2016, fl. and fr., F.D.S. Santos 506 (HUVA). Massapê, Cacimbinha, 15.V.2014, fl., M.C.P. Teixeira 38 (HUVA).

This species was recently described for the Northeast region of Brazil, where it occurs in the states of Ceará and Paraíba, in the Caatinga domain (Santos et al. 2019). In Ceará state, this species was recorded in edges of Crystalline Dry Forest. This species was not found in any protected area, and is classified as endangered (EN) (Santos et al. 2019). It was collected with flowers and fruits in May and July.

Acknowledgements

We thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES/Process n° 88882.436296/2019-01, Finance Code 001), for a scholarship granted to the first author; the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade; the Laboratório de Sistemática Integrativa - LASI (UFRPE), for providing the necessary infrastructure for the study; and all herbarium curators, for the loan of the botanical collections. Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola thanks CNPq, for the productivity grant (Process n° 306723/20239).

Data availability statement

In accordance with Open Science communication practices, the authors inform that all data are available within the manuscript

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Edited by

  • Area Editor:
    Dr. Paulo Guimarães

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    02 Dec 2024
  • Date of issue
    2024

History

  • Received
    09 Mar 2023
  • Accepted
    09 July 2024
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