O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir com o conhecimento das espécies do gênero Protium ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram examinadas coleções depositadas em herbários nacionais e realizadas coletas em campo, além de pesquisas em literaturas especializadas e consultas em exemplares online de herbários internacionais. Foram registradas sete espécies para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentados descrições, ilustrações, comentários, além de informações sobre fenologia, ecologia, conservação e mapas de distribuição das espécies.

Palavras-chave:
Mata Atlântica; Protium; Rio de Janeiro; taxonomia

Autoria

Débora Cássia da Silva ^* *Corresponding author: deborahkassia@hotmail.com.br

Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, R. Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research InstituteBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilRio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, R. Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-4702

Cássia Mônica Sakuragui

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon 550, 21941-901, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Federal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon 550, 21941-901, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4067-4686

*Corresponding author:
deborahkassia@hotmail.com.br

Area Editor:

Dr. Luiz Menini Neto

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras

Figuras (10)

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Figure 1
Protium brasiliense - a. habit; b. staminate flower with four stamens removed, showing the vestigial pistilode; c. pistillate flower without three staminodes; d. cross-section of the ovary, showing four carpels; e. calyx with pedicel of the staminate flower with the presence of trichome in its external extension; f. fruit in frontal view; g. fruit in lateral view; h. pyrene in frontal view; i. seed in frontal view (a-d. S de VA Pessoa et al. 751 (RB76244), D. Araújo et al. 7549); e-g. JG Kuhlmann (RB 148692); h-i. G. S Guimarães 64) Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 2
Distribution maps of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro - a. Protium brasiliense; b. P. breviacuminatum; c. P. glaziovii.

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Figure 3
Protium breviacuminatum - a. habit; b. closed pistillate flower with pedicel; c. pistillate flower with petals removed, showing the pistil and staminode; d. cross section of the ovary; e. staminate flower with petals and stamens removed, showing the pistilode; f. staminate flower with petals removed, showing the stamens and inconspicuous pistilode, below the height of the stamens; g. fruit in frontal view; h. pyrene in frontal view; i. pyrene in side view; j- k. seed in frontal and posterior view (a. D.C Daly et al. (RB 230738) ; b-d. D Constantino (RB21035) D.C Daly et al. (RB 230737), e-k. J.G Kuhlmann (RB62351), D.C Daly et al. ( RB 230738). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 4
Protium glaziovii - a. habit with entire margin leaflets; b. leaflet variation with serrated margin; c. open pistillate flower with petals, pedicel, and four staminodes removed; d. pistil of the pistillate flower with trichome at the base; e. cross-section of the ovary showing the number of carpels and trichomes around it; f. fruit in frontal view; g. open staminate flower; h. pistillode with trichomes at the base; i-j. pyrene in lateral and frontal views; k. seed inside and front view (a-b. T.B Flores 897 & G.S Siqueira; c-d. T.B Flores 897 & G Siqueira; e. J.G Jardim 2780; f. M.V Stefano et al. 252; g-k. D.C Silva 2) Line drawings by Débora Cassia).

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Figure 5
Protium heptaphyllum - a. habit; b. pistillate flower with petals separated and two staminodes removed, showing the floral cluster, with the stigma of the pistil above the height of the staminodes; c. pistillate flower with calyx, corolla and staminodes removed, showing the gynoecium and nectariferous disk; d. pistil with a fillet crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; e. cross-section of the ovary; f. staminate flower with petals lowered and two stamens removed, showing the floral arrangement, with stamens above the height of the pistilodium; g. staminate flower with calyx, corolla and staminodes removed, showing the reduced pistilode and the nectariferous disk; h. pistilode topped by a short stipe crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; i. fruit in frontal view with long pedicel; j. fruit in lateral view with elongated pedicel; k. pyrenium in lateral view; l. seed in frontal view; m. seed in lateral view. (a. L.M Nascimento et al. 12; b-e. L.M Nascimento et al. 11; f-h. J.R Mattos et al. 525; i-m. L.M Nascimento et al. 14) Line drawings by Débora Cássia.

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Figure 6
Distribution maps of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro - a. Protium heptaphyllum; b. P. icicariba; c. P. warmingianum.

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Figure 7
Protium icicariba- a. habit; b. closed pistillate flower; c. pistillate flower with calyx, corolla and three staminodes removed, showing the internal floral composition, with stigma above the height of the staminodes; d. pistil with a fillet crowned by a stigma with five lobes; e. cross section of the ovary; f. staminate flower with lowered petals showing stamens above the height of the pistilode; g. pistillode reduced with short filament and stigma with 5 lobes; h. fruit in frontal view with short pedicel; i. pyrene in frontal view; j. seed in frontal view (a. J.P Fontelha et al. 227; b-e. J.P Fontelha et al. 227; f-g. L.M Nascimento et al. 10; h-l. M.C.F dos Santos (RB533356. Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 8
Protium warmingianum- a. habit; b. sessile pistillate flower with lowered petals showing the staminodes below the height of the stigma; c. pistil with ovary surrounded completely by trichomes, with a fillet crowned by a stigma with five lobes; d. cross section of the ovary; e. staminate flower with lowered petals and with four stamens removed, showing an inconspicuous pistillode completely covered by trichomes and stamens above the height of the pistilode; f. variation of shorter stamens present in the staminate flower; g. larger stamen variation found in the staminate flower; h. large sessile fruit in lateral view, with detail of inflorescence branch with undeveloped flowers; i-j. Smaller sessile fruit in frontal and posterior views; k-l. pyrene in front and side views; m. upper portion of the leaflet. (a. J. Pires et al. 19; b-d. A.F. Vaz et al. (RB296819); e-g. L.C. Giorgdano et al. 977; h-l. R. Guedes et al. 2236; m. A.F. Vaz et al. (RB296819). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 9
Protium widgrenii - a. habit; b. open pistillate flower with pedicel and five stamens removed; c. pistil of the pistillate flower with trichomes at the base; d. cross section of the ovary; e. open staminate flower with pedicel; f. pistillode of the staminate flower with trichomes at the base; g. fruit in frontal view; h. fruit in lateral view; i. pyrene in side view; j. seed in lateral view (a. D.C. Silva 4; b-c. J.G. Kuhlmann et al (RB4598); d-e. J. Pires et al. (RB496060); f-j. D.C. Silva 3). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 10
Distribution map of the species P. widgrenii in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Figure 1 Protium brasiliense - a. habit; b. staminate flower with four stamens removed, showing the vestigial pistilode; c. pistillate flower without three staminodes; d. cross-section of the ovary, showing four carpels; e. calyx with pedicel of the staminate flower with the presence of trichome in its external extension; f. fruit in frontal view; g. fruit in lateral view; h. pyrene in frontal view; i. seed in frontal view (a-d. S de VA Pessoa et al. 751 (RB76244), D. Araújo et al. 7549); e-g. JG Kuhlmann (RB 148692); h-i. G. S Guimarães 64) Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 2 Distribution maps of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro - a. Protium brasiliense; b. P. breviacuminatum; c. P. glaziovii.

Figure 3 Protium breviacuminatum - a. habit; b. closed pistillate flower with pedicel; c. pistillate flower with petals removed, showing the pistil and staminode; d. cross section of the ovary; e. staminate flower with petals and stamens removed, showing the pistilode; f. staminate flower with petals removed, showing the stamens and inconspicuous pistilode, below the height of the stamens; g. fruit in frontal view; h. pyrene in frontal view; i. pyrene in side view; j- k. seed in frontal and posterior view (a. D.C Daly et al. (RB 230738) ; b-d. D Constantino (RB21035) D.C Daly et al. (RB 230737), e-k. J.G Kuhlmann (RB62351), D.C Daly et al. ( RB 230738). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 4 Protium glaziovii - a. habit with entire margin leaflets; b. leaflet variation with serrated margin; c. open pistillate flower with petals, pedicel, and four staminodes removed; d. pistil of the pistillate flower with trichome at the base; e. cross-section of the ovary showing the number of carpels and trichomes around it; f. fruit in frontal view; g. open staminate flower; h. pistillode with trichomes at the base; i-j. pyrene in lateral and frontal views; k. seed inside and front view (a-b. T.B Flores 897 & G.S Siqueira; c-d. T.B Flores 897 & G Siqueira; e. J.G Jardim 2780; f. M.V Stefano et al. 252; g-k. D.C Silva 2) Line drawings by Débora Cassia).

Figure 5 Protium heptaphyllum - a. habit; b. pistillate flower with petals separated and two staminodes removed, showing the floral cluster, with the stigma of the pistil above the height of the staminodes; c. pistillate flower with calyx, corolla and staminodes removed, showing the gynoecium and nectariferous disk; d. pistil with a fillet crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; e. cross-section of the ovary; f. staminate flower with petals lowered and two stamens removed, showing the floral arrangement, with stamens above the height of the pistilodium; g. staminate flower with calyx, corolla and staminodes removed, showing the reduced pistilode and the nectariferous disk; h. pistilode topped by a short stipe crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; i. fruit in frontal view with long pedicel; j. fruit in lateral view with elongated pedicel; k. pyrenium in lateral view; l. seed in frontal view; m. seed in lateral view. (a. L.M Nascimento et al. 12; b-e. L.M Nascimento et al. 11; f-h. J.R Mattos et al. 525; i-m. L.M Nascimento et al. 14) Line drawings by Débora Cássia.

Figure 6 Distribution maps of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro - a. Protium heptaphyllum; b. P. icicariba; c. P. warmingianum.

Figure 7 Protium icicariba- a. habit; b. closed pistillate flower; c. pistillate flower with calyx, corolla and three staminodes removed, showing the internal floral composition, with stigma above the height of the staminodes; d. pistil with a fillet crowned by a stigma with five lobes; e. cross section of the ovary; f. staminate flower with lowered petals showing stamens above the height of the pistilode; g. pistillode reduced with short filament and stigma with 5 lobes; h. fruit in frontal view with short pedicel; i. pyrene in frontal view; j. seed in frontal view (a. J.P Fontelha et al. 227; b-e. J.P Fontelha et al. 227; f-g. L.M Nascimento et al. 10; h-l. M.C.F dos Santos (RB533356. Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 8 Protium warmingianum- a. habit; b. sessile pistillate flower with lowered petals showing the staminodes below the height of the stigma; c. pistil with ovary surrounded completely by trichomes, with a fillet crowned by a stigma with five lobes; d. cross section of the ovary; e. staminate flower with lowered petals and with four stamens removed, showing an inconspicuous pistillode completely covered by trichomes and stamens above the height of the pistilode; f. variation of shorter stamens present in the staminate flower; g. larger stamen variation found in the staminate flower; h. large sessile fruit in lateral view, with detail of inflorescence branch with undeveloped flowers; i-j. Smaller sessile fruit in frontal and posterior views; k-l. pyrene in front and side views; m. upper portion of the leaflet. (a. J. Pires et al. 19; b-d. A.F. Vaz et al. (RB296819); e-g. L.C. Giorgdano et al. 977; h-l. R. Guedes et al. 2236; m. A.F. Vaz et al. (RB296819). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 9 Protium widgrenii - a. habit; b. open pistillate flower with pedicel and five stamens removed; c. pistil of the pistillate flower with trichomes at the base; d. cross section of the ovary; e. open staminate flower with pedicel; f. pistillode of the staminate flower with trichomes at the base; g. fruit in frontal view; h. fruit in lateral view; i. pyrene in side view; j. seed in lateral view (a. D.C. Silva 4; b-c. J.G. Kuhlmann et al (RB4598); d-e. J. Pires et al. (RB496060); f-j. D.C. Silva 3). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 10 Distribution map of the species P. widgrenii in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

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[1] *Corresponding author:
deborahkassia@hotmail.com.br