Based on the study of material in Brazilian and foreign herbaria, five species and two varieties of Phymatidium are recognized for Paraná state: Phymatidium aquinoi, P. delicatulum, P. delicatulum var. curvisepalum, P. falcifolium, P. hysteranthum, P. microphyllum and P. microphyllum var. herteri. The genus is recorded in 35 of the 399 municipalities of the state, mostly inhabiting Floresta Ombrófila Densa and Floresta Ombrófila Mista vegetation, situated in the Serra do Mar, Primeiro and Segundo Planaltos. Following IUCN criteria, most taxa are classified here as vulnerable in the state. Phymatidium delicatulum is the commonest species, with the widest distribution, and P. hysteranthum, with the narrowest distribution, is recorded for the first time in Paraná. An identification key for species and varieties, descriptions, illustrations, data on distribution and conservation, and a list of representative material are provided herewith.
biodiversity; flora of Paraná; Mata Atlântica; IUCN
