Poaceae in a Brazilian floodplain: spatial distribution and conservation

Kawakita, Kazue; Fontana, Alan Charles; Garcia, Jéssica Magon; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.

doi:10.1590/2175-7860201869223

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Sumário

Artigos Originais • Rodriguésia 69 (2) • Apr-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869223 linkcopy

Poaceae in a Brazilian floodplain: spatial distribution and conservation

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

With 94 species, Poaceae is one of the largest botanical families of the Upper Paraná River Floodplain (PIAP) and its environs, located between 22º38’-22º57’S and 53º5’-53º36’W, and covering areas of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná. Seasonally flooded, PIAP is part of the The Environmental Protection Area of the Islands and floodplains of the Paraná River (APA-IVRP) and State Park of the Ivinhema River Floodplain (PEVRI). Aiming to improve the botanical and ecological knowledge of the area and therefore contribute to its conservation, we studied the distribution pattern of the grasses of PIAP and its environs. For the grasses of PIAP we considered: phytophysiognomy, light exposure, photosynthetic pathway, water condition of the substrate where they preferably occur, classification of the morphovegetation, and the absolute and relative frequencies. The results show that the species are distributed according to the geomorphological configuration of the PIAP, which are presented here in two schematic profiles.

Key words:
wetlands; swamp; Gramineae; Paraná River; riparian vegetation

Tabela 1 Lista das espécies de Poaceae da Planície de Inundação do Alto Rio Paraná e seu entorno, Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná, Brasil. Abreviações: FF = Fitofisionomia (F = florestal; A = aberta); EAL = Exposição à Luz (E = esciófila; H = heliófila; U = umbrófila); VF = via fotossintética; CHS = condição hídrica do substrato (DRE = drenado; BDR = bem drenado; SAT = saturado; SED = sedimento [lama]); UMV = unidades de morfovegetação, segundo Stevaux et al. (2013) (Anl = Tree-dominated natural levee; SHufp = Shrubby upper floodplain; SHmfp = Shrubby-herbaceous mid-floodplain; GHlfp = Grass-herbaceous lower floodplain e respectivos ambientes); FA = frequência absoluta; FR = frequência relativa. Status: NT = Nativa; NZ = Naturalizada [exótica]. Domínio fitogeográfico: AM = Amazônia; CA = Caatinga; CE = Cerrado; MA = Mata Atlântica; PP = Pampa; PT = Pantanal.

Espécie	FF	EAL	VF	CHS	UMV	FA (%)	FR (%)	Status	Domínio Fitogeográfico
Espécie	FF	EAL	VF	CHS	UMV	FA (%)	FR (%)	Status	AM	CA	CE	MA	PP	PT
Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy*	F	U	C3⁹	DRE	Anl, SHmfp	42	2,55	NT	X	X	X	X
Andropogon bicornis L.	A	H	C4⁹	DRE, BDR	Anl, SHfp	23,81	1,45	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Andropogon hypogynus Hack.*	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	SHfp	14,28	0,87	NT			X			X
Arundo donax L.	A	H	C3²	DRE	-	4,46	0,29	NZ			X	X
Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm.*	A	H	C4^7,9	DRE, SAT	Anl, GHlfp	28,57	1,73	NT	X	X	X	X
Axonopus leptostachyus (Flüggé) Hitchc.*	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	-	9,52	0,58	NT	X		X	X
Axonopus suffultus (Mikan ex Trin.) Parodi*	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	-	4,76	0,29	NT	X		X	X
Bambusa tuldoides Munro	F	U	C3¹²	BDR, DRE	-	19	1,15	NZ			X	X
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.	F	U	C3¹²	BDR, DRE	-	9,52	0,58	NZ	X	X	X	X		X
Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	Anl	4,76	0,29	NZ			X	X
Cenchrus echinatus L.	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	-	14,28	0,87	NT	X	X	X	X		X
Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	-	23,8	1,44	NZ	X	X	X	X
Chloris elata Desv.	A	H	C4¹²	BDR	-	4,76	0,29	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Chusquea ramosissima Lindm.	F	E	C3¹²	BDR, DRE	-	9,52	0,5	NT			X	X
Coleataenia prionitis (Nees) Soreng	A	H	C3/C4¹¹	DRE, SAT	Anl, GHlfp	28,57	1,73	NT			X
Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle	A	H	C4¹²	BDR	-	4,76	0,29	NZ			X	X
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.*	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	SHufp	38,09	2,31	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Cynodon nlemfuensis Vand.	A	H	C4¹²	BDR	-	4,76	0,29	NZ		X	X	X	X	X
Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. f.) Baker ex K. Heyne	F	U	C3¹²	BDR	-	4,76	0,29	NZ			X	X
Dichanthelium surrectum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga*	F	H	C3¹	DRE, SED	GHlfp	9,52	0,58	NT			X	X
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler	A	H	C4⁹	BDR	-	14,28	0,87	NZ	X	X	X	X	X	X
Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	-	14,28	0,87	NZ	X	X	X	X	X	X
Digitaria violascens Link	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	-	9,52	0,58	NZ	X	X	X	X	X	X
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.*	A	H	C4¹²	DRE, SAT	-	19	1,15	NZ	X	X	X	X	X	X
Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.*	A	H	C4⁹	DRE, SAT	-	9,52	0,58	NZ	X	X	X	X	X	X
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.	A	H	C4⁹	BDR	-	19	1,15	NZ	X	X	X	X	X	X
Eragrostis articulata (Schrank) Nees	A	H	C4¹²	BDR, DRE	-	14,28	0,87	NT	X	X	X	X
Eragrostis bahiensis Schrad. ex Schult.*	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	-	33,33	2,02	NZ	X	X	X	X	X
Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br.	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	-	19	1,15	NT	X	X	X	X		X
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton	A	H	C4⁹	DRE	-	9,52	0,58	NT	X	X	X	X	X
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.	A	H	C4⁹	BDR	-	9,52	0,58	NZ	X	X	X	X
Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.	A	H	C4⁹	BDR	-	4,76	0,29	NZ	X	X	X	X		X
Eriochloa polystachya Kunth	A	H	C4⁹	SAT	-	4,76	0,29	NZ	X			X
Eriochloa punctata (L.) Desv. ex Ham.*	A	H	C4¹²	BDR, DRE	-	23,8	1,44	NT	X	X	X	X
Guadua chacoensis (Rojas) Londoño & P.M. Peterson*	F	U	C3¹²	DRE	Anl	23,8	1,44	NT				X		X
Guadua paniculata Munro*	F	U	C3¹²	DRE	Anl	47,62	2,89	NT	X		X	X
Guadua sp.	F	U	C3¹²	DRE	Anl	9,52	0,58	NT	-	-	-	-	-	-
Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) P. Beauv.	F	H	C3⁹	BDR, DRE	Anl	14,28	0,87	NT	X		X	X		X
Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.	A	H	C4¹²	DRE, SAT	-	4,76	0,29	NT	X			X	X	X
Hildaea pallens (Sw.) C. Silva & R.P. Oliveira	F	U	C3⁹	SAT	-	9,52	0,58	NT	X	X	X	X
Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees*	F	E	C3⁹	SAT, SED	GHlfp	23,8	1,44	NT	X	X	X	X		X
Hymenachne donacifolia (Raddi) Chase	A	H	C3/C4¹¹	SAT	GHlfp	14,28	0,87	NT	X	X	X	X
Hymenachne pernambucensis (Spreng.) Zuloaga*	A	H	C3/C4¹¹	DRE, SAT	Anl	61,9	3,76	NT	X	X	X	X
Lasiacis ligulata Hitchc. & Chase	F	E	C3¹²	DRE	-	14,28	0,87	NT	X	X	X	X
Leersia hexandra Sw.*	A	H	C3⁹	SED	GHlfp	14,28	0,87	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Leptochloa virgata (L.) P. Beauv.*	A	H	C4⁹	DRE	-	4,76	0,29	NT	X	X	X	X		X
Lithachne horizontalis Chase	F	U	C3¹²	BDR	-	4,76	0,29	NT				X
Luziola peruviana Juss. ex J.F. Gmel.	A	H	C3⁹	SAT, SED	GHlfp	4,76	0,29	NT		X	X	X	X
Luziola spruceana Benth. ex Döll	A	H	C4⁶	SAT, SED	-	4,76	0,29	NT	X					X
Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	SHufp	14,28	0,87	NZ	X	X	X	X		X
Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv.	A	H	C4⁹	BDR	-	4,76	0,29	NZ	X	X	X	X
Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	SHufp	9,52	0,58	NZ		X	X	X
Ocellochloa stolonifera (Poir.) Zuloaga & Morrone	F	U	C3⁸	DRE	-	47,62	2,89	NT	X			X		X
Olyra ciliatifolia Raddi*	F	U	C3¹²	BDR, DRE	Anl	19	1,15	NT	X	X	X	X		X
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv.	F	U	C3¹²	DRE	-	19	1,15	NT	X	X	X	X		X
Oryza latifolia Desv.	A	H	C3¹²	SED	GHlfp	4,76	0,29	NT	X		X	X		X
Otachyrium versicolor (Döll) Henrard*	A	H	C3¹²	SAT	-	9,52	0,58	NT	X		X	X
Panicum condensatum Bertol.	A	E	C3/C4¹¹	SAT	-	4,76	0,29	NT	X		X	X
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.*	A	H	C4¹²	SAT, SED	GHlfp	28,57	1,73	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Panicum millegrana Poir.	A	E	C3⁹	DRE, SED	GHlfp	9,52	0,58	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Panicum repens L.*	A	H	C4¹²	SAT	GHlfp	9,52	0,58	NZ	X	X	X	X		X
Panicum trichanthum Nees*	A	H	C3⁹	SAT, SED	GHlfp	9,52	0,58	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Panicum tricholaenoides Steud.*	A	H	C4¹²	DRE, SAT	-	28,57	1,73	NT			X	X	X	X
Parodiolyra micrantha (Kunth) Davidse & Zuloaga*	F	U	C3¹²	BDR, DRE	Anl	19	1,15	NT	X	X	X	X
Paspalum acuminatum Raddi	A	H	C4¹²	SAT	-	28,57	1,73	NT			X	X	X	X
Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius *	A	H	C4⁹	DRE	Anl	47,62	2,89	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Paspalum conspersum Schrad.*	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	SHmfp	28,57	1,73	NT	X		X	X		X
Paspalum falcatum Nees ex Steud.*	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	-	4,76	0,29	NT			X	X
Paspalum fasciculatum Willd. ex Flüggé	A	H	C4⁹	DRE, SAT, SED	-	9,52	0,58	NT	X		X			X
Paspalum inaequivalve Raddi	A	E	C4¹²	BDR	-	9,52	0,58	NT			X	X	X
Paspalum intermedium Munro ex Morong & Britton*	A	H	C4¹²	SAT	-	38,09	2,31	NT			X	X	X	X
Paspalum notatum Flüggé*	A	H	C4⁹	BDR	-	14,28	0,87	NT	X		X	X	X
Paspalum orbiculatum Poir.*	A	E	C4⁹	DRE	-	4,76	0,29	NT	X	X	X	X	X
Paspalum repens P.J. Bergius*	A	H	C4⁹	SED	GHlfp	28,57	1,73	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Paspalum urvillei Steud.	A	E	C4¹⁰	SED	-	9,52	0,58	NT			X	X	X
Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex Rivière & C. Rivière	A	H	C3¹²	BDR	-	4,76	0,29	NZ	X		X	X		X
Poa annua L.	A	E	C3⁹	DRE	-	4,76	0,29	NZ				X	X
Reimarochloa acuta (Flüggé) Hitchc.	A	H	C4¹²	SAT	-	9,52	0,58	NT	X	X	X			X
Rugoloa hylaeica Mez (Zuloaga) *	F	U	C4¹²	SAT	-	57,14	3,47	NT	X		X	X		X
Rugoloa pilosa (Sw.) Zuloaga*	F	E	C3⁹	SAT	-	23,8	1,44	NT	X			X
Rugoloa polygonata (Sw.) Zuloaga*	F	U	C3⁹	DRE, SAT	-	33,33	2,02	NT	X		X	X
Schizachyrium microstachyum (Desv. ex Ham.) Roseng.	A	H	C4¹²	DRE	Anl	4,76	0,29	NT	X		X	X	X
Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen*	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	SHufp	28,57	1,76	NT	X	X	X	X		X
Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.*	F	E	C4⁹	BDR	-	23,8	1,44	NT	X	X	X	X		X
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.*	A	H	C4¹²	BDR	-	14,28	0,87	NZ	X	X	X	X
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.	A	H	C4⁹	BDR, DRE	Anl	23,8	1,44	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Steinchisma laxum (Sw.) Zuloaga*	A	E	C3/C4³	DRE, SAT	-	57,14	3,47	NT	X	X	X	X
Stephostachys mertensii (Roth) Zuloaga & Morrone*	A	E	C3/C4¹¹	DRE, SAT	Anl, SHlfp	38,09	2,31	NT	X		X	X		X
Trichanthecium schwackeanum (Mez) Zuloaga & Morrone*	F	U	C3¹⁰	SAT, SED	GHlfp	14,28	0,87	NT	X	X	X	X	X	X
Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga*	A	H	C4³	SAT, SED	GHlfp	14,28	0,87	NZ	X	X	X	X
Urochloa brizantha*(A. Rich.) R.D. Webster	A	H	C4³	BDR, DRE	-	23,8	1,44	NZ	X	X	X	X	X	X
Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga*	A	H	C4³	BDR	-	14,28	0,87	NZ	X	X	X	X	X
Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q. Nguyen	A	H	C4³	DRE, SAT	-	19	1,15	NZ	X	X	X	X
Urochloa plantaginea (Link) R.D. Webster	A	H	C4³	BDR, DRE	-	9,52	0,58	NZ	X	X	X	X	X

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[TFN1] ^*
PEVRI = Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema.

[TFN2] Referências bibliográficas: (1) Zuloaga et al. (1993); (2) Rossa et al. (1998); (3) Alliscioni (2000); (4) Graciano-Ribeiro (2002); (5) Alliscioni et al. (2003); (6) Camarão et al. (2003); (7) Silva & Alquini (2003); (8) Sede et al. (2009); (9) Giraldo-Cañas (2010); (10) Zuloaga et al. (2011); (11) Morrone et al. (2012); (12) Filgueiras, dados não publicados.