Flora of Rio de Janeiro: <i>Protium</i> Burm. f. (Burseraceae)

Silva, Débora Cássia da; Sakuragui, Cássia Mônica

doi:10.1590/2175-7860202475018

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Original Paper • Rodriguésia 75 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202475018 copy

Flora of Rio de Janeiro: Protium Burm. f. (Burseraceae)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The current study aims to contribute to the knowledge the genus Protium occurring in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Collections deposited in national herbaria were examined and field collections were carried out, in addition to research in specialized literature and consultations in online international herbaria. Seven species were cataloged for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Descriptions, illustrations, comments, as well as information on phenology, ecology, conservation, and distribution maps for all species are presented.

Key words:
Atlantic Forest; Protium; Rio de Janeiro; taxonomy

Authorship

Débora Cássia da Silva ^* *Corresponding author: deborahkassia@hotmail.com.br

Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, R. Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research InstituteBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilRio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, R. Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-4702

Cássia Mônica Sakuragui

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon 550, 21941-901, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Federal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon 550, 21941-901, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4067-4686

*Corresponding author:
deborahkassia@hotmail.com.br

Area Editor:

Dr. Luiz Menini Neto

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (10)

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Figure 1
Protium brasiliense - a. habit; b. staminate flower with four stamens removed, showing the vestigial pistilode; c. pistillate flower without three staminodes; d. cross-section of the ovary, showing four carpels; e. calyx with pedicel of the staminate flower with the presence of trichome in its external extension; f. fruit in frontal view; g. fruit in lateral view; h. pyrene in frontal view; i. seed in frontal view (a-d. S de VA Pessoa et al. 751 (RB76244), D. Araújo et al. 7549); e-g. JG Kuhlmann (RB 148692); h-i. G. S Guimarães 64) Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 2
Distribution maps of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro - a. Protium brasiliense; b. P. breviacuminatum; c. P. glaziovii.

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Figure 3
Protium breviacuminatum - a. habit; b. closed pistillate flower with pedicel; c. pistillate flower with petals removed, showing the pistil and staminode; d. cross section of the ovary; e. staminate flower with petals and stamens removed, showing the pistilode; f. staminate flower with petals removed, showing the stamens and inconspicuous pistilode, below the height of the stamens; g. fruit in frontal view; h. pyrene in frontal view; i. pyrene in side view; j- k. seed in frontal and posterior view (a. D.C Daly et al. (RB 230738) ; b-d. D Constantino (RB21035) D.C Daly et al. (RB 230737), e-k. J.G Kuhlmann (RB62351), D.C Daly et al. ( RB 230738). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 4
Protium glaziovii - a. habit with entire margin leaflets; b. leaflet variation with serrated margin; c. open pistillate flower with petals, pedicel, and four staminodes removed; d. pistil of the pistillate flower with trichome at the base; e. cross-section of the ovary showing the number of carpels and trichomes around it; f. fruit in frontal view; g. open staminate flower; h. pistillode with trichomes at the base; i-j. pyrene in lateral and frontal views; k. seed inside and front view (a-b. T.B Flores 897 & G.S Siqueira; c-d. T.B Flores 897 & G Siqueira; e. J.G Jardim 2780; f. M.V Stefano et al. 252; g-k. D.C Silva 2) Line drawings by Débora Cassia).

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Figure 5
Protium heptaphyllum - a. habit; b. pistillate flower with petals separated and two staminodes removed, showing the floral cluster, with the stigma of the pistil above the height of the staminodes; c. pistillate flower with calyx, corolla and staminodes removed, showing the gynoecium and nectariferous disk; d. pistil with a fillet crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; e. cross-section of the ovary; f. staminate flower with petals lowered and two stamens removed, showing the floral arrangement, with stamens above the height of the pistilodium; g. staminate flower with calyx, corolla and staminodes removed, showing the reduced pistilode and the nectariferous disk; h. pistilode topped by a short stipe crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; i. fruit in frontal view with long pedicel; j. fruit in lateral view with elongated pedicel; k. pyrenium in lateral view; l. seed in frontal view; m. seed in lateral view. (a. L.M Nascimento et al. 12; b-e. L.M Nascimento et al. 11; f-h. J.R Mattos et al. 525; i-m. L.M Nascimento et al. 14) Line drawings by Débora Cássia.

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Figure 6
Distribution maps of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro - a. Protium heptaphyllum; b. P. icicariba; c. P. warmingianum.

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Figure 7
Protium icicariba- a. habit; b. closed pistillate flower; c. pistillate flower with calyx, corolla and three staminodes removed, showing the internal floral composition, with stigma above the height of the staminodes; d. pistil with a fillet crowned by a stigma with five lobes; e. cross section of the ovary; f. staminate flower with lowered petals showing stamens above the height of the pistilode; g. pistillode reduced with short filament and stigma with 5 lobes; h. fruit in frontal view with short pedicel; i. pyrene in frontal view; j. seed in frontal view (a. J.P Fontelha et al. 227; b-e. J.P Fontelha et al. 227; f-g. L.M Nascimento et al. 10; h-l. M.C.F dos Santos (RB533356. Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 8
Protium warmingianum- a. habit; b. sessile pistillate flower with lowered petals showing the staminodes below the height of the stigma; c. pistil with ovary surrounded completely by trichomes, with a fillet crowned by a stigma with five lobes; d. cross section of the ovary; e. staminate flower with lowered petals and with four stamens removed, showing an inconspicuous pistillode completely covered by trichomes and stamens above the height of the pistilode; f. variation of shorter stamens present in the staminate flower; g. larger stamen variation found in the staminate flower; h. large sessile fruit in lateral view, with detail of inflorescence branch with undeveloped flowers; i-j. Smaller sessile fruit in frontal and posterior views; k-l. pyrene in front and side views; m. upper portion of the leaflet. (a. J. Pires et al. 19; b-d. A.F. Vaz et al. (RB296819); e-g. L.C. Giorgdano et al. 977; h-l. R. Guedes et al. 2236; m. A.F. Vaz et al. (RB296819). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

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Figure 9
Protium widgrenii - a. habit; b. open pistillate flower with pedicel and five stamens removed; c. pistil of the pistillate flower with trichomes at the base; d. cross section of the ovary; e. open staminate flower with pedicel; f. pistillode of the staminate flower with trichomes at the base; g. fruit in frontal view; h. fruit in lateral view; i. pyrene in side view; j. seed in lateral view (a. D.C. Silva 4; b-c. J.G. Kuhlmann et al (RB4598); d-e. J. Pires et al. (RB496060); f-j. D.C. Silva 3). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Thumbnail

Figure 10
Distribution map of the species P. widgrenii in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Figure 1 Protium brasiliense - a. habit; b. staminate flower with four stamens removed, showing the vestigial pistilode; c. pistillate flower without three staminodes; d. cross-section of the ovary, showing four carpels; e. calyx with pedicel of the staminate flower with the presence of trichome in its external extension; f. fruit in frontal view; g. fruit in lateral view; h. pyrene in frontal view; i. seed in frontal view (a-d. S de VA Pessoa et al. 751 (RB76244), D. Araújo et al. 7549); e-g. JG Kuhlmann (RB 148692); h-i. G. S Guimarães 64) Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 2 Distribution maps of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro - a. Protium brasiliense; b. P. breviacuminatum; c. P. glaziovii.

Figure 3 Protium breviacuminatum - a. habit; b. closed pistillate flower with pedicel; c. pistillate flower with petals removed, showing the pistil and staminode; d. cross section of the ovary; e. staminate flower with petals and stamens removed, showing the pistilode; f. staminate flower with petals removed, showing the stamens and inconspicuous pistilode, below the height of the stamens; g. fruit in frontal view; h. pyrene in frontal view; i. pyrene in side view; j- k. seed in frontal and posterior view (a. D.C Daly et al. (RB 230738) ; b-d. D Constantino (RB21035) D.C Daly et al. (RB 230737), e-k. J.G Kuhlmann (RB62351), D.C Daly et al. ( RB 230738). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 4 Protium glaziovii - a. habit with entire margin leaflets; b. leaflet variation with serrated margin; c. open pistillate flower with petals, pedicel, and four staminodes removed; d. pistil of the pistillate flower with trichome at the base; e. cross-section of the ovary showing the number of carpels and trichomes around it; f. fruit in frontal view; g. open staminate flower; h. pistillode with trichomes at the base; i-j. pyrene in lateral and frontal views; k. seed inside and front view (a-b. T.B Flores 897 & G.S Siqueira; c-d. T.B Flores 897 & G Siqueira; e. J.G Jardim 2780; f. M.V Stefano et al. 252; g-k. D.C Silva 2) Line drawings by Débora Cassia).

Figure 5 Protium heptaphyllum - a. habit; b. pistillate flower with petals separated and two staminodes removed, showing the floral cluster, with the stigma of the pistil above the height of the staminodes; c. pistillate flower with calyx, corolla and staminodes removed, showing the gynoecium and nectariferous disk; d. pistil with a fillet crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; e. cross-section of the ovary; f. staminate flower with petals lowered and two stamens removed, showing the floral arrangement, with stamens above the height of the pistilodium; g. staminate flower with calyx, corolla and staminodes removed, showing the reduced pistilode and the nectariferous disk; h. pistilode topped by a short stipe crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; i. fruit in frontal view with long pedicel; j. fruit in lateral view with elongated pedicel; k. pyrenium in lateral view; l. seed in frontal view; m. seed in lateral view. (a. L.M Nascimento et al. 12; b-e. L.M Nascimento et al. 11; f-h. J.R Mattos et al. 525; i-m. L.M Nascimento et al. 14) Line drawings by Débora Cássia.

Figure 6 Distribution maps of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro - a. Protium heptaphyllum; b. P. icicariba; c. P. warmingianum.

Figure 7 Protium icicariba- a. habit; b. closed pistillate flower; c. pistillate flower with calyx, corolla and three staminodes removed, showing the internal floral composition, with stigma above the height of the staminodes; d. pistil with a fillet crowned by a stigma with five lobes; e. cross section of the ovary; f. staminate flower with lowered petals showing stamens above the height of the pistilode; g. pistillode reduced with short filament and stigma with 5 lobes; h. fruit in frontal view with short pedicel; i. pyrene in frontal view; j. seed in frontal view (a. J.P Fontelha et al. 227; b-e. J.P Fontelha et al. 227; f-g. L.M Nascimento et al. 10; h-l. M.C.F dos Santos (RB533356. Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 8 Protium warmingianum- a. habit; b. sessile pistillate flower with lowered petals showing the staminodes below the height of the stigma; c. pistil with ovary surrounded completely by trichomes, with a fillet crowned by a stigma with five lobes; d. cross section of the ovary; e. staminate flower with lowered petals and with four stamens removed, showing an inconspicuous pistillode completely covered by trichomes and stamens above the height of the pistilode; f. variation of shorter stamens present in the staminate flower; g. larger stamen variation found in the staminate flower; h. large sessile fruit in lateral view, with detail of inflorescence branch with undeveloped flowers; i-j. Smaller sessile fruit in frontal and posterior views; k-l. pyrene in front and side views; m. upper portion of the leaflet. (a. J. Pires et al. 19; b-d. A.F. Vaz et al. (RB296819); e-g. L.C. Giorgdano et al. 977; h-l. R. Guedes et al. 2236; m. A.F. Vaz et al. (RB296819). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 9 Protium widgrenii - a. habit; b. open pistillate flower with pedicel and five stamens removed; c. pistil of the pistillate flower with trichomes at the base; d. cross section of the ovary; e. open staminate flower with pedicel; f. pistillode of the staminate flower with trichomes at the base; g. fruit in frontal view; h. fruit in lateral view; i. pyrene in side view; j. seed in lateral view (a. D.C. Silva 4; b-c. J.G. Kuhlmann et al (RB4598); d-e. J. Pires et al. (RB496060); f-j. D.C. Silva 3). Line drawings by Débora Cássia).

Figure 10 Distribution map of the species P. widgrenii in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

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Flora of Rio de Janeiro: <i>Protium</i> Burm. f. (Burseraceae)

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[1] *Corresponding author:
deborahkassia@hotmail.com.br