Nomenclatural notes and new combinations on Anathallis and Specklinia (Orchidaceae)

Even though many new combinations have been proposed for the genera Anathallis Barb.Rodr. and Specklinia Lindl., since their re-establishment in 2001, several Brazilian species bearing the characteristics of these genera were never transferred from Pleurothallis R.Br. sensu lato. In this work 17 Brazilian species formerly attributed to Pleurothallis are transferred to Anathallis (16 species) and Specklinia (one species). Also, several superfluous names created from double new combinations in the genera Anathallis and Specklinia are pointed out.


Introduction
Since the re-establishment of Anathallis Barb.Rodr.by Pridgeon & Chase (2001), when the authors attributed 90 binomials to the genus, many new transfers have been proposed by other authors (Azevedo & Van den Berg 2005;Barros 2002Barros , 2003Barros , 2004Barros , 2006;;Barros & Pinheiro 2002;Luer 2004Luer , 2007Luer , 2008)).Today, Anathallis, including Panmorphia Luer (Luer 2006), comprises about 115 binomials, but some species are still in need of transfer, most of them described originally as members of the collective genus Pleurothallis R.Br.sensu lato.During the preparation of the list of orchids for the Catalogue of Brazilian Plants and some other floristic surveys, the authors have found several species of Pleurothallis which agree better with the circumscription of Anathallis , but have never been transferred.
In the same way, Specklinia Lindl.was reestablished by Pridgeon & Chase (2001) with 86 species, and new transfers were proposed later by Barros (2004Barros ( , 2005Barros ( , 2006) ) and Luer (2004Luer ( , 2007)).Today there are, about 420 binomials attributed to Notas nomenclaturais e novas combinações em Anathallis e Specklinia (Orchidaceae) Fábio de Barros the genus but the actual number of species in Specklinia is hard to estimate, since there are different interpretations on its composition.For instance, Luer (2004) transferred 361 species to Specklinia, most of them treated under other genera like Arthrosia Luer and Panmorphia Luer in his later work on systematics of Specklinia and vegetatively similar taxa (Luer 2006).A partial revision of Specklinia was presented by Luer (2006) which deals only with 39 species, excluding those endemic to Brazil.In this work the authors transfer 16 species to Anathallis and one species to Specklinia, and also elucidate the correct nomenclatural status of some species previously transferred to this genus.

Material and Methods
The folowing herbaria were considered during the elaboration of this work (acronyms according to Holmgren et al. 1990): HB, HUEFS, RB, SP and SPF, as well as the photos of the types available on the sites of the herbaria AMES and NY (respectively http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/specimen_index.html,and http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/hcol/vasc/ index.asp).The types or photos of the types examined were marked with an exclamation mark.
Lectotypes were proposed for some species when any of the elements of the protologue are available.This was impossible for species known only from the original descriptions and whose holotypes are lost.
Additional material were examined and presented when available.

Results and Discussion
The following 16 species have the characteristics of the genus Anathallis instead of Pleurothallis sensu stricto, and need to be transferred.They have a ramicaul about as long as the leaves; with an annulus, the lateral sepals in general are free and acute to acuminate, the lip is hinged and bears two little lateral retrorse finger-like expansions at the base, and the column is elongate with a single and ventral stigmatic cavity.Although Luer & Toscano-de-Brito (2002) pointed out that the holotype was deposited at the herbarium of the State University of Feira de Santana (HUEFS) we are unable to find it there, and according to the staff of this herbarium apparently it has never been deposited there.Despite this fact the description and the illustration show that the species has the characteristics of Anathallis.
This species is generally identified as Anathallis fastigiata.We are unable to find the holotype at the herbarium of the State University of Feira de Santana (HUEFS), and apparently the material has never been deposited there.Although, the description and the illustration allow us to conclude that the species belongs to the genus Anathallis.
The following species, previously known as Pleurothallis mentigera Kraenzl., has the characteristics of the genus Specklinia, and need to be transferred from Pleurothallis sensu stricto.It has a ramicaul shorter than the leaves, with an annulus, the sepals and petals are membranaceous, the lateral sepals are connate, the petals are shorter than the sepals, the lip is hinged, and the column is elongate with a single and ventral stigmatic cavity and ventral anther.