Elias, João Pedro Costa; Vergne, Driélli Carvalho; Zanatta, Mariane Patrezi; Campos, Caroline Cambraia Furtado; Ramos, Flavio Nunes

João Pedro Costa Elias ⁸8Author for correspondence: jpcelias.bio@gmail.com

Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Depto. Ciências da Natureza, Lab. Ecologia de Fragmentos Florestais - ECOFRAG, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-5979

Driélli Carvalho Vergne

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Depto. Hidrobiologia, Lab. Ecologia e Conservação, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-3476

Mariane Patrezi Zanatta

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Depto. Hidrobiologia, Lab. Ecologia e Conservação, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8978-4416

Caroline Cambraia Furtado Campos

Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Depto. Ciências da Natureza, Lab. Ecologia de Fragmentos Florestais - ECOFRAG, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-8404

Flavio Nunes Ramos

Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Depto. Ciências da Natureza, Lab. Ecologia de Fragmentos Florestais - ECOFRAG, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-3575

8Author for correspondence: jpcelias.bio@gmail.com

Area Editor: Dr. Nicolay Cunha

Figuras (4)
Tabelas (3)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
a-b. Linear representation of Fournier Intensity Percentage for all tree community (temporal hypothesis) - a. to flowering; b. to fruiting. Only flowering in forest interior (highlighted in red) showed seasonal distribution. Note intensity peak of interior early and higher than edge.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
a-b. Circular representation of Fournier Intensity Percentage for all tree community (temporal hypothesis) - a. to flowering; b. to fruiting. The black row indicate the beginning (0º). From 0º at 180º is represented 2010, and from 180º to the end is 2011. Note longer bars for flowering intensity (a) in edge, mainly in 2011. Surrounding bars outside indicates the confidence limits (red is confidence level unconfident).

Thumbnail

Figure 3
a-b. Circular representation of Fournier Intensity Percentage for species common to both habitats (intensity hypothesis) - a. to flowering; b. to fruiting. The black row indicate the beginning (0º). From 0º at 180º is represented 2010, and from 180º to the end is 2011. Note bars considerable longer for fruiting intensity (b) at edge in both years. Surrounding bars outside indicates the confidence limits (red is confidence level unconfident).

Thumbnail

Figure 4
a-b. Circular representation of species percentage in a phenological activity for tree community without species common (composition hypothesis) - a. to flowering; b. to fruiting. From 0º at 180º is represented 2010, and from 180º to the end is 2011. Considering the bars, the percentage species in fruiting was higher at edge in 2010, and higher at interior in 2011. Surrounding bars outside indicates the confidence limits.

Thumbnail

Table 1
The seven studied fragments in the region of Alfenas (MG), their area (hectares), coordinates (decimal degrees), altitude (meters above the sea level), and tree diversity information (Sp. Richness = number of tree species; Sp. abundance = number of tree individuals). Bray-Curtis and Jaccard indexes indicates dissimilarity of species composition among edge and interior for all studied fragments. Beta diversity indexes (turnover and nestedness) indicates a higher turnover contribution for overall beta diversity than Nestedness, indicating high species substitution rate among habitats.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Description of the methodology for all hypothesis. The data structure was defined as the data used to answer each question, as well as the data organization. A sample unit was defined as the applied unit for each response variable described. Aim define our objective and applied tests what was the statistical test used for each analysis.

Thumbnail

Table 3
Temporal hypothesis test results. Rayleigh Test of Uniformity highlighted in bold indicate the phenological seasonality of flowering in the interior.

Fragment	Area (ha)	Longitude	Latitude	Elevation (m a.s.l.)	Sp. richness	Sp. abundance	Bray-Curtis	Jaccard	Turnover	Nestedness
Monte Alegre	5	-45,961944	-21,751389	825	17	23	0.68	0.80	0.70	0.24
Vista Alegre	7	-45,876944	-21,338611	791	28	48	0.66	0.79	0.6	0.35
Pedreira	11	-46,159722	-21,411944	821	22	49	0.96	0.98	0.8	0.16
São Tomé	49	-45,988889	-21,470556	793	31	54	0.83	0.9	0.57	0.38
Gaspar Lopes	70	-45,927778	-21,381944	847	36	62	0.67	0.81	0.6	0.35
Florence	96	-45,848056	-21,331944	835	28	45	0.91	0.95	0.5	0.46
Parque Municipal	205	-45,966389	-21,224167	775	24	32	0.87	0.93	0.6	0.35
				All fragments	103	313	0.57	0.73	0.61	0.33

Hypothesis	Data structure	Sample unit	Response variable	Aim	Applied tests
Temporal hypothesis	Edge and interior data aggregated in one single community per habitat	Tree	Fournier Intensity Percentages	Seasonality in each habitat	Rayleigh Test of Uniformity (z)
Temporal hypothesis		Tree	Fournier Intensity Percentages	Mean date and intensity peaks of each habitat	Mean Vector (µ) and graphics
Intesity hypothesis	Edge and interior data aggregated in one single community per habitat, considering tree species common for both habitat	Tree	Fournier Intensity Percentages	Phenological intensity difference among habitat	Mardia-Watson-Wheeler (W)
Intesity hypothesis		Phenophase period	Duration of phenophases	Difference of phenophase duration among habitats	One-sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Composition hypothesis	Edge and interior data aggregated in one single community per habitat, considering tree species exclusive of each habitat	Tree	Percentages of species in phenological activity	Percentage of species in phenological activity difference among habitat	Mardia-Watson-Wheeler (W)
Composition hypothesis		Phenophase period	Duration of phenophases	Difference of phenophase duration among habitats	One-sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test

Phenophase	Local	Mean vector (µ)	Mean date	Rayleigh test (z)	Rayleigh test (p)
Flowering	Edge	158.139º	2010: October 2011: September	4.352	0.605
Flowering	Interior	147.46º	2010: October 2011: September	6.951	9.58E-04
Fruiting	Edge	138.187º	2010: October 2011: September	2.409	0.09
Fruiting	Interior	144.301º	2010: October 2011: September	1.747	0.174

[1] 8Author for correspondence: jpcelias.bio@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Edge creation changes the timing and intensity of phenological reproductive patterns and species activities in forest tree communities

Resumo