Dietary calcium intake in Brazilian preschoolers and schoolchhildren: review of the literature

Galvão, Rodrigo André; Pavon, Bruna; Morán, Maria Carolina Brandão; Barbin, Maria Victória Costa; Martimbianco, Ana Luiza Cabrera; Colares Neto, Guido de Paula

doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021253

Rodrigo André Galvão

Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-098X

Bruna Pavon

Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6937-0219

Maria Carolina Brandão Morán

Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-3284

Maria Victória Costa Barbin

Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0463-3668

Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco

Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-4526

Guido de Paula Colares Neto^**Corresponding author. E-mail: guido.neto@prof.saocamilo-sp.br (G. P. Colares Neto).

Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-0386

*Corresponding author. E-mail: guido.neto@prof.saocamilo-sp.br (G. P. Colares Neto).

Conflict of interests

The authors declare there is no conflict of interests.

Authors’ contribution

Study design: Galvão RA, Pavon B, Móran MCB, Barbin MVC, Martimbianco ALC, Colares Neto GP. Data collection: Galvão RA, Pavon B, Móran MCB, Barbin MVC. Data analysis: Galvão RA, Pavon B, Móran MCB, Barbin MVC, Martimbianco ALC, Colares Neto GP. Manuscript writing: Galvão RA, Pavon B, Móran MCB, Barbin MVC, Martimbianco ALC, Colares Neto GP. Manuscript revision: Martimbianco ALC, Colares Neto GP. Study supervision: Martimbianco ALC, Colares Neto GP.

Author	State	Study type	Sample n (M/F)	Age range (y)	Location	Instrument
Nascimento et al.¹⁷17 Nascimento K, Silva B. Impact of a nutrition intervention to the dietary practices of students of a private school. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2018;42:92-108. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2018.v42.n1.a2745 https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2018....	Ceará	Cohort	40 (17/23)	7–11.9	HH	Dietary recall
Martino et al.¹⁰10 Martino H, Ferreira A, Pereira C, Silva R. Anthropometric evaluation and food intake of preschool children at municipal educational centers, in South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Cien Saude ColetRevCiêncSaúdeColetiva. 2010;15:551-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232010000200031 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-8123201000...	Minas Gerais	CS	151 (82/69)	4–6	DCC	Weighted diet record
Scagliusi et al.¹⁶16 Scagliusi F, Garcia M, Indiani A, Cardoso M. Relative validity of a food-frequency questionnaire developed to assess food intake of schoolchildren living in the Brazilian Western Amazon. Cad SaúdeSaude PúblicaPublica. 2011;27:2197-206.	Acre	CS	61 (28/33)	6–9	HH	24-h dietary recall/food-frequency questionnaire
Tavares et al.¹¹11 Tavares B, Veiga G, Yuyama L, Bueno M, Fisberg R, Fisberg M. Nutritional status and energy and nutrients intake of children attending day-care centers in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil: are there differences between public and private day-care centers? Rev Paul Pediatr. 2012;30:42-50.	Amazonas	CS	308 (161/147)	2–3	DCC/HH	DCC: weighted diet record HH: dietary recall
Bernardi et al.¹²12 Bernardi J, Cezaro C, Fisberg R, Fisberg M, Rodrigues G, Vitolo M. Dietary micronutrient intake of preschool children at home and in kindergartens of the municipality of Caxias do Sul (RS), Brazil. Rev Nutr. 2011;24:253-61.	Rio Grande do Sul	CS	362 (166/196)	2–6	DCC/HH	DCC: weighted diet record HH: dietary recall
Bueno et al.¹³13 Bueno MB, Fisberg RM, Maximino P, Rodrigues GP, Fisberg M. Nutritional risk among Brazilian children 2 to 6 years old: a multicenter study. Nutrition. 2013;29:405-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.01...	Multicentre	CS	3,058 (1,571/1,487)	2–6	DCC/HH	DCC: weighted diet record HH: food diary
Castro et al.²⁷27 Castro M, Verly -Jr E, Fisberg M, Fisberg R. Children's nutrient intake variability is affected by age and body weight status according to results from a Brazilian multicenter study. Nutr Res. 2014;34:74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.09...	Multicentre	CS	2266 (1,158/1,108)	3–6	DCC/HH	DCC: weighted diet record HH: dietary recall
Magalhães et al.¹⁸18 Magalhães EI, Pessoa MC, Franceschini SD, Novaes JF. Dietary calcium intake is inversely associated with blood pressure in Brazilian children. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68:331-8. http://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1236075 http://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.123...	Minas Gerais	CS	347 (142/205)	8–9	HH	Dietary recall
Alencar et al.¹⁴14 Alencar M, Barros S, Borges I, Cavalcante K, Melo M, Nunes I, et al. Adequacies and inadequacies in the anthropometric and dietetic profiles of preschool children. J Hum Growth Dev. 2016;26:234-42. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.119290 https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.119290...	Piauí	CS	81 (42/39)	4–5	DCC	Food dietary record/weighted diet record
Suhett et al.¹⁵15 Suhett L, Silveira B, Filgueiras M, Peluzio M, Hermsdorff H, Novaes J. Inverse association of calcium intake with abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in Brazilian children. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:1912-20. http://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001800023X http://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001800023X...	Minas Gerais	CS	350 (166/184)	8–9	HH	24-h dietary recalls
Leroux et al.⁹9 Leroux I, Ferreira A, Paniz F, Silva F, Luz M, Batista B, et al. Brazilian preschool children attending day care centers show an inadequate T micronutrient intake through 24-h duplicate diet. J Trace Elem MedBiol. 2019;54:175-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04....	São Paulo	CS	64 (34/30)	1–4	HH	24-h duplicate dietary recall

Author	Sample n (M/F)	Instrument	Dietary calcium reference range (mg)	Dietary calcium intake (mg)	Inadequate daily calcium intake % (n)
Nascimento et al.¹⁷17 Nascimento K, Silva B. Impact of a nutrition intervention to the dietary practices of students of a private school. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2018;42:92-108. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2018.v42.n1.a2745 https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2018....	40 (17/23)	Dietary recall	7–11.9 y: 1,100	466.8±293.6	97.5 (39)
Martino et al.¹⁰10 Martino H, Ferreira A, Pereira C, Silva R. Anthropometric evaluation and food intake of preschool children at municipal educational centers, in South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Cien Saude ColetRevCiêncSaúdeColetiva. 2010;15:551-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232010000200031 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-8123201000...	151 (82/69)	Weighted diet record	4–6 y: 1,000	182.4 [132.9; 229.0]	100
Scagliusi et al.¹⁶16 Scagliusi F, Garcia M, Indiani A, Cardoso M. Relative validity of a food-frequency questionnaire developed to assess food intake of schoolchildren living in the Brazilian Western Amazon. Cad SaúdeSaude PúblicaPublica. 2011;27:2197-206.	61 (28/33)	24-h dietary recall/food-frequency questionnaire	6–8 y: 1,000 9 y: 1,300	252.5	NA
Tavares et al.¹¹11 Tavares B, Veiga G, Yuyama L, Bueno M, Fisberg R, Fisberg M. Nutritional status and energy and nutrients intake of children attending day-care centers in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil: are there differences between public and private day-care centers? Rev Paul Pediatr. 2012;30:42-50.	308 (161/147)	DCC: weighted diet record HH: dietary recall	2–3 y: 700	Public: 885.0±17.6 Private: 920.0±26.3	Public: 27.6 (60) Private: 7.9 (7) Total: 21.8 (67)
Bernardi et al.¹²12 Bernardi J, Cezaro C, Fisberg R, Fisberg M, Rodrigues G, Vitolo M. Dietary micronutrient intake of preschool children at home and in kindergartens of the municipality of Caxias do Sul (RS), Brazil. Rev Nutr. 2011;24:253-61.	362 (166/196)	DCC: weighted diet record HH: dietary recall	2–3 y: 700 4–6 y: 1,000	2–3y: 852.6±246.9 4–6y: 808.4±250.8	Public: 32.2 (83) Private: 33.7 (35) Total: 32.6 (118)
Bueno et al.¹³13 Bueno MB, Fisberg RM, Maximino P, Rodrigues GP, Fisberg M. Nutritional risk among Brazilian children 2 to 6 years old: a multicenter study. Nutrition. 2013;29:405-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.01...	3,058 (1,571/1,487)	DCC: weighted diet record HH: food diary	2–3 y: 500 4–6 y: 800	2–3 y Public: 821.6 Private:762.2 4–6 y Public: 804.1 Private: 792.3	2–3 y Public: 12.6 Private:13.6 4–6 y Public: 48.9 Private: 40.3
Castro et al.²⁷27 Castro M, Verly -Jr E, Fisberg M, Fisberg R. Children's nutrient intake variability is affected by age and body weight status according to results from a Brazilian multicenter study. Nutr Res. 2014;34:74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.09...	2,266 (1,158/1,108)	DCC: weighted diet record HH: dietary recall	3 y: 700 4–6 y: 1,000	728.4±354.2	NA
Magalhães et al.¹⁸18 Magalhães EI, Pessoa MC, Franceschini SD, Novaes JF. Dietary calcium intake is inversely associated with blood pressure in Brazilian children. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68:331-8. http://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1236075 http://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.123...	347 (142/205)	Dietary recall	8 y: 1,000 9 y: 1,300	458.4	NA
Alencar et al.¹⁴14 Alencar M, Barros S, Borges I, Cavalcante K, Melo M, Nunes I, et al. Adequacies and inadequacies in the anthropometric and dietetic profiles of preschool children. J Hum Growth Dev. 2016;26:234-42. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.119290 https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.119290...	81 (42/39)	Food dietary record/weighted diet record	4–5 y: 1,000	PT:34.8±23.8 −62.3±49.1 FT: 371.1±142.1	PT: 61.1–78.2 FT: 33.7
Suhett et al.¹⁵15 Suhett L, Silveira B, Filgueiras M, Peluzio M, Hermsdorff H, Novaes J. Inverse association of calcium intake with abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in Brazilian children. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:1912-20. http://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001800023X http://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001800023X...	350 (166/184)	24-h dietary recalls	NA	NA	97.4 (341)
Leroux et al.⁹9 Leroux I, Ferreira A, Paniz F, Silva F, Luz M, Batista B, et al. Brazilian preschool children attending day care centers show an inadequate T micronutrient intake through 24-h duplicate diet. J Trace Elem MedBiol. 2019;54:175-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04....	64 (34/30)	24-h duplicate dietary recall	1–3 y: 700 4 y: 1,000	1–3 y: 500.8±207.3 4 y: 461.3±223.5	1–3 y: 50.0 (22) 4 y: 93.3 (18)

Author	State	Study type	Sample n (M/F)	Age range (y)	Location	Instrument
Rauber et al.²¹21 Rauber F, Hoffman D, Vitolo M. Diet quality from pre-school to school age in Brazilian children: a 4-year follow-up in a randomised control study. Br J Nutr. 2014;111:499-505. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513002857 http://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513002857...	Rio Grande do Sul	Cohort	276 (NA)	3–4; 7–8	HH	Dietary recall
Pretto et al.²⁴24 Pretto A, Kaufmann C, Dutra G, Albernaz E. Prevalence of factors related to the bone mass formation of children from a cohort in Southern Brazil. Nutr Hosp. 2014;31:1122-8. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.3.8422 https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.3.842...	Rio Grande do Sul	Cohort	616 (316/300)	8	HH	Food Guide Based Questionnaire
Bielemann et al.²²22 Bielemann R, Vaz J, Domingues M, Matijasevich A, Santos I, Ekelund U, et al. Are consumption of dairy products and physical activity independently related to bone mineral density of 6-year-old children? Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses in a birth cohort from Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:2654-64. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001258 http://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001258...	Rio Grande do Sul	Cohort	3,316 (1,723/1,593)	4–6	HH	Dietary recall
Levy-Costa et al.²⁵25 Levy-Costa R, Monteiro C. Cow's milk consumption and childhood anemia in the city of São Paulo, southern Brazil. Rev Saúde Pública. 2004;38:797-803. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000600007 https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910200400...	São Paulo	CS	204 (NA)	2–5	HH	Dietary recall
Bernardi et al.¹²12 Bernardi J, Cezaro C, Fisberg R, Fisberg M, Rodrigues G, Vitolo M. Dietary micronutrient intake of preschool children at home and in kindergartens of the municipality of Caxias do Sul (RS), Brazil. Rev Nutr. 2011;24:253-61.	Rio Grande do Sul	CS	362 (166/196)	2–6	DCC/HH	DCC: weighted diet record HH: dietary recall
Oliveira S. Filha et al.¹⁹19 Oliveira S Filha E, Araujo J, Barbosa J, Gaujac D, Santos C, Silva D. Consumption of food groups among children attending the public health system of Aracaju, Northeast Brazil, in Sergipe. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2012;30:529-36.	Sergipe	CS	65 (35/30)	2.0–2.9	HH	Dietary recall
Bortolini et al.²⁰20 Bortolini G, Vitolo M, Gubert MS, Santos LM. Early cow's milk consumption among Brazilian children: results of a national survey. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2013;89:608-13. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.04.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.04.00...	Multicenter	CS	2,732 (NA)	2.0–4.9	HH	Dietary recall
Martins et al.²³23 Martins M, Aires J, Dantas K, Sabino L, Alves M, Ximenes L. Food consumption among families of pre-school children in situation of food (in)security. Cienc y EnfermeriaCiencia y Enfermeria. 2015;21:63-71. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95532015000300006 https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-9553201500...	Ceará	CS	200 (NA)	3–5	HH	Food Frequency Questionnaire
Suhett et al.¹⁵15 Suhett L, Silveira B, Filgueiras M, Peluzio M, Hermsdorff H, Novaes J. Inverse association of calcium intake with abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in Brazilian children. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:1912-20. http://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001800023X http://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001800023X...	Minas Gerais	CS	350 (166/184)	8–9	HH	Dietary recall

Author	Sample, n (M/F)	Instrument	Inadequate milk and dairy products intake, % (n)	Percentage of total daily calories derived from milk (%)
Rauber et al.²¹21 Rauber F, Hoffman D, Vitolo M. Diet quality from pre-school to school age in Brazilian children: a 4-year follow-up in a randomised control study. Br J Nutr. 2014;111:499-505. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513002857 http://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513002857...	276 (NA)	Dietary recall	3–4 y Intervention: 23.4 (34) Control: 30.5 (61) 7–8 y Intervention: 57.3 (75) Control: 56.2 (99)	NA
Pretto et al.²⁴24 Pretto A, Kaufmann C, Dutra G, Albernaz E. Prevalence of factors related to the bone mass formation of children from a cohort in Southern Brazil. Nutr Hosp. 2014;31:1122-8. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.3.8422 https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.3.842...	616 (316/300)	Food Guide-Based Questionnaire	75 (462)	NA
Bielemann et al.²²22 Bielemann R, Vaz J, Domingues M, Matijasevich A, Santos I, Ekelund U, et al. Are consumption of dairy products and physical activity independently related to bone mineral density of 6-year-old children? Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses in a birth cohort from Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:2654-64. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001258 http://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001258...	3,316 (1,723/1,593)	Dietary recall	4 y: M: 43.5 (749) F: 47.3 (753) 6 y: M: 51.5 (831) F: 59.3 (899)	NA
Levy-Costa et al.²⁵25 Levy-Costa R, Monteiro C. Cow's milk consumption and childhood anemia in the city of São Paulo, southern Brazil. Rev Saúde Pública. 2004;38:797-803. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000600007 https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910200400...	204 (NA)	Dietary recall	NA	24–35 mo: 21.8 36–47 mo: 20.6 48–60 mo: 13.1
Bernardi et al.¹²12 Bernardi J, Cezaro C, Fisberg R, Fisberg M, Rodrigues G, Vitolo M. Dietary micronutrient intake of preschool children at home and in kindergartens of the municipality of Caxias do Sul (RS), Brazil. Rev Nutr. 2011;24:253-61.	362 (166/196)	DCC: weighted diet record HH: dietary recall	13.2 (45)	NA
Oliveira S. Filha et al.¹⁹19 Oliveira S Filha E, Araujo J, Barbosa J, Gaujac D, Santos C, Silva D. Consumption of food groups among children attending the public health system of Aracaju, Northeast Brazil, in Sergipe. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2012;30:529-36.	65 (35/30)	Dietary recall	55.4 (36)	NA
Bortolini et al.²⁰20 Bortolini G, Vitolo M, Gubert MS, Santos LM. Early cow's milk consumption among Brazilian children: results of a national survey. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2013;89:608-13. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.04.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.04.00...	2,732 (NA)	Dietary recall	55.2 (1508)	NA
Martins et al.²³23 Martins M, Aires J, Dantas K, Sabino L, Alves M, Ximenes L. Food consumption among families of pre-school children in situation of food (in)security. Cienc y EnfermeriaCiencia y Enfermeria. 2015;21:63-71. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95532015000300006 https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-9553201500...	200 (NA)	Food Frequency Questionnaire	Milk: 14.5 (29) Dairy products: 60.5 (121)	NA
Suhett et al.¹⁵15 Suhett L, Silveira B, Filgueiras M, Peluzio M, Hermsdorff H, Novaes J. Inverse association of calcium intake with abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in Brazilian children. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:1912-20. http://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001800023X http://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001800023X...	350 (166/184)	Dietary recall	34 (119)	NA

[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: guido.neto@prof.saocamilo-sp.br (G. P. Colares Neto).

MEDLINE (via PubMed)	#1 “Calcium, Dietary”[Mesh] OR (Dietary Calcium) OR (Calcium intake) #2 “Dairy Products”[Mesh] OR (Dairy Product) OR (Product, Dairy) OR (Products, Dairy) #3 #1 OR #2 #4 “Child”[Mesh] OR Children #5 “Brazil”[Mesh] #6 #3 AND #4 AND #5
LILACS (via VHL)	#1 MH:(Cálcio na Dieta) OR (Calcium, Dietary) OR (Calcio en la Dieta) OR D01.146.395 OR MH: Laticínios OR (Dairy Products) OR (Productos Lácteos) OR G07.203.300.350 OR J02.500.350 #2 MH: Criança OR Child OR Niño OR M01.060.406 #3 MH: Brasil OR Brazil OR Brasil OR Z01.107.757.176 #4 #1 AND #2 AND #3

Brasil

Brasil

Dietary calcium intake in Brazilian preschoolers and schoolchhildren: review of the literature

Ingesta de cálcio dietético em pré-escolares e escolares brasileiros: revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Data source:

Data synthesis:

Conclusions: