McArthur et al.1212 McArthur BA, Racine N, McDonald S, Tough S, Madigan S. Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023;32:223-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01849-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01849...
|
Canada |
Longitudinal cohort (n=846) |
IV |
Ten Velde et al.55 Ten Velde G, Lubrecht J, Arayess L, van Loo C, Hesselink M, Reijnders D, et al. Physical activity behaviour and screen time in Dutch children during the COVID-19 pandemic: pre-, during-and post-school closures. Pediatr Obes. 2021;16:e12779. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12779 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12779...
|
Netherlands |
Exploratory cohort (n=233) |
IV |
Liu et al.1313 Liu J, Li B, Sun Y, Chen Q, Dang J. Adolescent vision health during the outbreak of COVID-19: association between digital screen use and myopia progression. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:662984. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.662984 https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.662984...
|
China |
Prospective cohort (n=3831) |
IV |
Choi et al.1414 Choi KY, Chun RK, Tang WC, To CH, Lam CS, Chan, HH. Evaluation of an optical defocus treatment for myopia progression among schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2143781. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43781 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen....
|
China |
Exploratory cohort (n=171) |
IV |
Zhang et al.1515 Zhang X, Cheung SS, Chan HN, Zhang Y, Wang YM, Yip BH, et al. Myopia incidence and lifestyle changes among school children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based prospective study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106:1772-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319307 https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-202...
|
China |
Prospective cohort (n=1793) |
IV |
Adachi et al.1616 Adachi M, Takahashi M, Shinkawa H, Mori H, Nishimura T, Nakamura K. Longitudinal association between smartphone ownership and depression among schoolchildren under COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2022;57;239-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02196-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02196...
|
Japan |
Prospective cohort (n=4875) |
IV |
Li et al.1717 Li X, Vanderloo LM, Keown-Stoneman CD, Cost KT, Charach A, Maguire JL, et al. Screen use and mental health symptoms in Canadian children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2140875. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40875 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen....
|
Canada |
Longitudinal cohort (n=2026) |
IV |
Alghadir et al.1818 Alghadir AH, Iqbal ZA, Gabr AS. The relationships of watching television, computer use, physical activity, and food preferences to body mass index: gender and nativity differences among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Pub Health. 2021;18:9915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189915 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189915...
|
Saudi Arabia |
Prospective cohort (n=214) |
IV |
Saxena et al.1919 Saxena R, Gupta V, Rakheja V, Dhiman R, Bhardawaj A, Vashist P. Lifestyle modification in school-going children before and after COVID-19 lockdown. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69:3623-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_2096_21 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_2096_21...
|
India |
Prospective cohort (n=1237) |
IV |
Cardy et al.2020 Cardy RE, Dupuis A, Anagnostou E, Ziolkowski J, Biddiss EA, Monga S, et al. Characterizing changes in screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic school closures in Canada and its perceived impact on children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:702774. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.702774 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.70277...
|
Canada |
Prospective cohort (n=414) |
IV |
Xiao et al.22 Xiao S, Yan Z, Zhao L. Physical activity, screen time, and mood disturbance among chinese adolescents during COVID-19. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2021;59:14-20. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20201104-04 https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-2020110...
|
China |
Prospective cross-sectional (n=1680) |
IV |
Pietrobelli et al.2121 Pietrobelli A, Fearnbach N, Ferruzzi A, Vrech M, Heo M, Faith M, et al. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity: longitudinal study update. Obes Sci Pract. 2021;8:525-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.581 https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.581...
|
Italy |
Observational longitudinal (n=32) |
IV |
Kołota and Głąbska2222 Kołota A, Głąbska D. COVID-19 pandemic and remote education contributes to improved nutritional behaviors and increased screen time in a Polish population-based sample of primary school adolescents: diet and activity of youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) study. Nutrients. 2021;13:1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051596 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051596...
|
Poland |
Longitudinal (n=1334) |
IV |
Hartley et al.2323 Hartley S, Francs CC, Aussert F, Martinot C, Dagneaux S, Londe V, et al. The effects of quarantine for SARS-CoV-2 on sleep: an online survey. Encephale. 2020;46:S53-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.05....
|
France |
Longitudinal (n=1777) |
IV |
Alvarez-Peregrina et al.2424 Alvarez-Peregrina C, Martinez-Perez C, Villa-Collar C, Andreu-Vázquez C, ruiz-Pomeda A, Sánchez-Tena MA. Impact of COVID-19 home confinement in children's refractive errors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:5347. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105347 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105347...
|
Spain |
Cross-sectional (n=1600) |
V |
Helito et al.2525 Helito AC, Lindoso L, Sieczkowska SM, Astley C, Queiroz LB, Rose N, et al. Poor sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021;76:e3501.https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3501 https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e35...
|
Brazil |
Cross-sectional (n=387) |
V |
Shuai et al.2626 Shuai L, He S, Zheng H, Wang Z, Qiu M, Xia W, et al. Influences of digital media use on children and adolescents with ADHD during COVID-19 pandemic. Global Health. 2021;17:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00699-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00699...
|
China |
Cross-sectional (n=192) |
V |
Oliva et al.2727 Oliva S, Russo G, Gili R, Russo L, Di Mauro AD, Spagnoli A, et al. Risks and protective factors associated with mental health symptoms during COVID-19 home confinement in Italian children and adolescents: the understandingkids study. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:664702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.664702 https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.664702...
|
Italy |
Cross-sectional prospective (n=9974) |
V |
Surekha et al.2828 Surekha BC, Karanati K, Venkatesan K, Sreelekha BC, Kumar VD. E-learning during COVID-19 pandemic: a surge in childhood obesity. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;74:3058-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02750-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02750...
|
India |
Cross-sectional (n=2000) |
V |
Hadianfard et al.66 Hadianfard AM, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Karandish M, Azhdari M. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors (screen time and homework) among overweight or obese adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study in Yazd, Iran. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21:421. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02892-w https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02892...
|
Islamic Republic of Iran |
Cross-sectional (n=510) |
V |
Tandon et al.2929 Tandon PS, Zhou C, Johnson AM, Gonzalez ES, Kroshus E. Association of children's physical activity and screen time with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2127892. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27892 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen....
|
United States |
Cross-sectional l (n=1000) |
V |
Peddie et al.3030 Peddie MC, Scott T, Haszard JJ. Using a 24 h activity recall (STAR-24) to describe activity in adolescent boys in New Zealand: comparisons between a sample collected before, and a sample collected during the COVID-19 lockdown. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:8035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158035 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158035...
|
Canada |
Cross-sectional (n=146) |
V |
Guo et al.3131 Guo YF, Liao MQ, Cai WL, Yu XX, Li SN, Ke XY, et al. Physical activity, screen exposure and sleep among students during the pandemic of COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021;11:8529. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88071-4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88071...
|
China |
Descriptive cross-sectional (n=10,416) |
V |
Berki and Pikó3232 Berki T, Pikó B. Sedentary lifestyle may contribute to the risk of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of Hungarian adolescents. Eur J Mental Health. 2021;16:99-119. https://doi.org/10.5708/EJMH.16.2021 https://doi.org/10.5708/EJMH.16.2021...
|
Hungary |
Cross-sectional (n=705) |
V |
Wang et al.3333 Wang J, Li Y, Musch DC, Wei N, Qi X, Ding G, et al. Progression of myopia in school-aged children after COVID-19 home confinement. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139:293-300. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.6239 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2...
|
China |
Prospective cross-sectional (n=123,535) |
V |
Chambonniere et al.3434 Chambonniere C, Lambert C, Fearnbach N, Tardieu M, Fillon A, Genin P, et al. Effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity and sedentary behaviors in French children and adolescents: new results from the ONAPS national survey. Eur J Integr Med. 2021;43:101308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101308 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101...
|
France |
Cross-sectional (n=6491) |
V |
Hourani et al.3535 Hourani HA, Alkhatib B, Abdullah M. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on body weight, eating habits, and physical activity of Jordanian children and adolescents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022;16:1855-63. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2021.48 https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2021.48...
|
Jordan |
Cross-sectional (n=477) |
V |
Andriyani et al.3636 Andriyani FD, Biddle SJ, Cocker K. Adolescents’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study of mothers’ perspectives. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1864. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11931-1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11931...
|
Indonesia |
Qualitative (n=20) |
V |
Ceylan et al.3737 Ceylan SS, Erdoğan Ç, Turan T. Investigation of the effects of restrictions applied on children during COVID-19 pandemic. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021;61:340-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.0...
|
Türkiye |
Descriptive cross-sectional (n=384) |
V |
Yakşi et al.3838 Yakşi N, Eroğlu M, Özdemir M. COVID-19: predictors of depression and anxiety among high school students. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi. 2021;3:192-202. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.3.20 https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.3.20...
|
Türkiye |
Cross-sectional (n=506) |
V |
Hashem et al.3939 Hashem SA, El Refay AS, Mostafa HH, Kamel IH, Sherif LS. Impact of coronavirus disease-19 lockdown on Egyptian children and adolescents: dietary pattern changes health risk. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020;8:561-9. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5249 https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5249...
|
Egypt |
Cross-sectional (n=765) |
V |