AVAILABILITY AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS IN HOUSEHOLDS IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF MANAUS: A POPULATION-BASED SURVEY, 2015

Tiguman, Gustavo Magno Baldin; Almeida, Marina Borges Dias de; Silva, Marcus Tolentino; Galvao, Tais Freire

doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020130

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. paul. pediatr. 39 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020130 copy

AVAILABILITY AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS IN HOUSEHOLDS IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF MANAUS: A POPULATION-BASED SURVEY, 2015

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The availability of hazardous products in households increases the risks of poisoning. The present study aimed to assess the frequency and associated factors of the availability and storage of hazardous products in residences in the metropolitan region of Manaus.

Methods:

Population-based and cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 with adults selected with three-stage probabilistic sampling. Participants were interviewed face-to-face. Prevalence ratio (PR) of the presence of hazardous products (presence of chumbinho [illegal anti-cholinesterase rodenticide], artisanal cleaning products, and unsafe storage of these products and medications) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated with Poisson regression with robust variance, weighted by the complex sampling method adopted.

Results:

A total of 4,001 participants was included, of which 53.0% (95%CI 51.5-54.6) reported presence of hazardous products in their households, 36.3% (95%CI 34.8-37.8) had unsafe storage, 16.2% (95%CI 15.1-17.4) had artisanal cleaning products, and 8.2% (95%CI 7.4-9.1) had chumbinho. Households with children ≤5 years old had safer storage (PR=0.78; 95%CI 0.71-0.86) and more artisanal products (PR=1.30; 95%CI 1.11-1.51). Presence of artisanal products was higher in lower educational levels (PR=2.20; 95%CI 1.36-3.57) and lower economic classifications (PR=1.63; 95%CI 1.25-2.13).

Conclusions:

Over half of the households in the metropolitan region of Manaus kept hazardous products; one-third stored them unsafely. Artisanal cleaning products and chumbinho were frequently present. Households with children had safer storage of products, and socioeconomic factors affected the availability of such hazardous products.

Keywords:
Poisoning; Hazardous substances; Sanitizing products; Sanitizing product storage; Household products; Health surveys

	Population frequency		Presence in the household
	Population frequency		Hazardous		Unsafe storage		Artisanal		Chumbinho
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Municipality
Manaus	3,479	87.0	1,869	55.1	1,280	36.8	577	16.6	295	8.5
Interior towns	522	13.1	195	39.6	135	25.9	57	10.9	34	6.5
Number of dwellers
1-2	854	21.3	384	45.9	290	34.0	101	11.8	45	5.3
3-5	2,274	56.8	1,255	56.7	868	38.2	379	16.7	215	9.5
≥6	873	21.8	425	50.9	257	29.4	154	17.6	69	7.9
Children ≤5 years old
No	2,418	60.4	1,267	53.9	937	38.8	339	14.0	200	8.3
Yes	1,098	39.6	797	52.0	478	30.2	295	18.6	129	8.2
Educational level
Higher education or above	158	4.0	82	52.6	60	37.7	17	10.8	13	8.2
High school	1,903	47.6	966	52.1	705	37.1	238	12.5	176	9.3
Elementary school	1,185	29.6	576	50.6	413	34.9	157	13.2	80	6.8
Less than elementary school	755	18.9	440	59.8	237	31.4	223	29.5	60	8.0
Economic classification
A/B	629	15.7	342	56.1	264	42.0	67	10.7	76	12.1
C	2,285	57.1	1,161	52.6	827	36.2	324	14.2	186	8.1
D/E	1,087	27.2	561	52.6	324	29.8	243	22.4	67	6.2
Visit by Family Health Program agents*
Yes	1,277	31.9	696	57.5	219	17.2	481	37.7	105	8.2
No	2,724	68.1	1,368	51.2	415	15.2	934	34.3	224	8.2

	Hazardous products				Unsafe storage
	PR (95%CI)	p-value	Adjusted PR (95%CI)	p-value	PR (95%CI)	p-value	Adjusted PR (95%CI)	p-value
Municipality
Manaus	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
Interior towns	0.71 (0.63-0.79)	<0.001	0.68 (0.61-0.76)	<0.001	0.70 (0.60-0.82)	<0.001	0.68 (0.58-0.80)	<0.001
Number of dwellers
1-2	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
3-5	1.24 (1.14-1.35)		1.24 (1.14-1.35)		1.13 (1.01-1.26)		1.16 (1.04-1.30)
≥6	1.11 (1.01-1.23)		1.10 (0.99-1.20)		0.87 (0.76-1.00)		0.96 (0.82-1.11)
Children ≤5 years old
No	1.00	0.315	1.00	0.059	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
Yes	0.97 (0.91-1.03)	0.315	0.94 (0.88-1.00)	0.059	0.78 (0.71-0.86)	<0.001	0.78 (0.71-0.86)	<0.001
Educational level
Higher education or above	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.044	1.00	0.831
High school	0.99 (0.85-1.16)		1.01 (0.86-1.18)		0.97 (0.79-1.20)		1.03 (0.84-1.27)
Elementary school	0.96 (0.82-1.12)		1.00 (0.85-1.19)		0.91 (0.74-1.13)		1.05 (0.84-1.31)
Less than elementary school	1.13 (0.96-1.33)		1.22 (1.03-1.44)		0.82 (0.66-1.03)		0.99 (0.78-1.26)
Economic classification
A/B	1.00	0.219	1.00	0.233	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
C	0.93 (0.86-1.01)		0.94 (0.87-1.02)		0.86 (0.77-0.96)		0.87 (0.78-0.97)
D/E	0.93 (0.85-1.02)		0.92 (0.83-1.02)		0.71 (0.62-0.81)		0.75 (0.65-0.86)
Visit by Family Health Program agents*
Yes	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.035	1.00	<0.001
No	0.89 (0.84-0.95)	<0.001	0.86 (0.81-0.92)	<0.001	0.91 (0.83-0.99)	0.035	0.89 (0.81-0.97)	<0.001

	Artisanal products				Chumbinho
	PR (95%CI)	p-value	Adjusted PR (95%CI)	p-value	PR (95%CI)	p-value	Adjusted PR (95%CI)	p-value
Municipality
Manaus	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.133	1.00	0.221
Interior towns	0.62 (0.48-0.80)	<0.001	0.56 (0.43-0.72)	<0.001	0.77 (0.54-1.08)	0.133	0.81 (0.57-1.14)	0.221
Number of dwellers
1-2	1.00	0.001	1.00	0.010	1.00	0.001	1.00	0.002
3-5	1.41 (1.15-1.73)		1.37 (1.11-1.69)		1.79 (1.31-2.45)		1.76 (1.27-2.45)
≥6	1.50 (1.19-1.89)		1.21 (0.95-1.56)		1.50 (1.04-2.16)		1.52 (1.02-2.27)
Children ≤ 5 years old
No	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.001	1.00	0.880	1.00	0.386
Yes	1.38 (1.16-1.54)	<0.001	1.30 (1.11-1.51)	0.001	0.98 (0.80-1.22)	0.880	0.90 (0.72-1.14)	0.386
Educational level
Higher education or above	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.094	1.00	0.250
High school	1.18 (0.74-1.88)		1.03 (0.65-1.66)		1.12 (0.65-1.92)		1.30 (0.75-2.24)
Elementary school	1.24 (0.77-2.00)		0.99 (0.61-1,61)		0.81 (0.46-1.42)		1.05 (0.59-1.87)
Less than elementary school	2.78 (1.75-4.43)		2.20 (1.36-3.57)		0.96 (0.54-1.71)		1.38 (0.75-2.53)
Economic classification
A/B	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.002
C	1.33 (1.04-1.70)		1.27 (0.99-1.63)		0.67 (0.52-0.87)		0.69 (0.54-0.90)
D/E	2.10 (1.63-2.70)		1.63 (1.25-2.13)		0.51 (0.37-0.70)		0.54 (0.38-0.77)
Visit by Family Health Program agents*
Yes	1.00	0.132	1.00	0.005	1.00	0.929	1.00	0.860
No	0.89 (0.77-1.04)	0.132	0.81 (0.70-0.94)	0.005	0.99 (0.79-1.24)	0.929	1.02 (0.81-1.28)	0.860

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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: gustavo.tiguman@gmail.com (G.M.B. Tiguman).