OBEJECTIVE: To report two patients with Emanuel syndrome (ES) or supernumerary chromosome der(22)t(11;22), secondary to familial balanced translocations, presenting distinct phenotypes. CASES DESCRIPTION: The first patient was a five-year-old white girl presenting hypotonia, neuropsychomotor delay, stereotypic movements, microcephaly, ptosis, prominent ears, preauricular pits with skin tag, and imperforate anus. Additional evaluations identified cerebral hypoplasia and pulmonar valvar stenosis. She also had laryngotracheomalacia and cleft palate. The second patient was a six months white boy with hypotonia, choreoatetotic movements, growth retardation, microcephaly, hemifacial microsomia, cleft palate, microtia, preauricular skin tags and thumbs proximally placed. Echocardiography disclosed pulmonary valvar stenosis, interatrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus and persistence of left upper vein cava. Radiography study of thorax identified a cervical rib. GTG-Banding karyotype showed, in both patients, a supernumerary chromosome der(22)t(11;22) secondary in the first case to a maternal balanced translocation and in the second one to a paternal translocation. COMMENTS: The first patient presented frequent features of ES, but the second one is the second description in the literature of a phenotype of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). Thus, both patients highlight the clinical variability observed in ES and the importance of the karyotype analysis in patients with OAVS phenotype.
translocation, genetic; chromosome aberrations; phenotype; Goldenhar syndrome; genetic counseling
