Cardon et al.1717. Cardon GM, de Clercq DL, de Bourdeaudhuij IM. Effects of back care education in elementary schoolchildren. Acta Pediatr. 2000;89:1010-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/080352500750043521 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/...
/Belgium |
|
-
CG=No intervention; EG=Postural education, exercises taught to the children, sessions, and provision of materials for parents and teachers
-
Basis of the educational program: Literature on biomechanics and the German Back School
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Duration: Six 60-minute sessions, with a one-week interval between sessions; Follow-up: Three months
|
Cardon et al.1818. Cardon GM, de Clercq DL, de Bourdeaudhuij IM. Back education efficacy in elementary schoolchildren. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27:299-305. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200202010-00020 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/...
/Belgium |
|
-
CG=No intervention; EG=Postural education; information session for parents and teachers, and teachers requested to be present in all sessions
-
Basis of the educational program: Literature on biomechanics and the German Back School
-
Duration: Six 60-minute sessions, with one-week intervals between sessions; Follow-up: One year.
|
Cardon et al.2121. Cardon GM, de Bourdeaudhuij IM, de Clercq DL. Knowledge and perceptions about back education among elementary school students, teachers, and parents in Belgium. J Sch Health. 2002;72:100-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2002.tb06524.x https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/...
/Belgium |
|
-
CG=No intervention; EG=Postural education, sessions, and provision of materials for parents and teachers, teachers present in all sessions
-
Basis of educational program: Previous studies1717. Cardon GM, de Clercq DL, de Bourdeaudhuij IM. Effects of back care education in elementary schoolchildren. Acta Pediatr. 2000;89:1010-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/080352500750043521 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/...
-
Duration: Six 60-minute sessions, with one-week intervals between sessions; Follow-up: Three months and one year
|
Cardon et al.2222. Cardon GM, de Clercq DL, Geldhof EJ, Verstraete S, de Bourdeaudhuij IM. Back education in elementary schoolchildren: the effects of adding a physical activity promotion program to a back care program. Eur Spine J. 2007;16:125-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-006-0095-y https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
/Belgium |
-
n=603
-
Age (years)=9.7±0.7
-
Sex=289 M, 314 F
|
-
CG=No intervention; EG=Postural education; EG+PA=Postural education and physical activity program
-
Basis of the educational program: Previous studies1818. Cardon GM, de Clercq DL, de Bourdeaudhuij IM. Back education efficacy in elementary schoolchildren. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27:299-305. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200202010-00020 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/...
,2121. Cardon GM, de Bourdeaudhuij IM, de Clercq DL. Knowledge and perceptions about back education among elementary school students, teachers, and parents in Belgium. J Sch Health. 2002;72:100-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2002.tb06524.x https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/...
-
Duration: Six sessions with one-week intervals between sessions; Follow-up: None
|
Dullien et al.1919. Dullien S, Grifka J, Jansen P. Cluster-randomized, controlled evaluation of a teacher led multi factorial school based back education program for 10 to 12-year old children. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18:312. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1280-y https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/...
/Germany |
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n=176
-
Age (years)=10.5±0.4
-
Sex=76M, 100 F
|
-
CG=No intervention; EG=Five lessons on back care (provided material), posture awareness training and improvement in the classroom, and back and abdominal muscle exercises at the beginning of each lesson
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Duration: One year; Follow-up: None
|
Kovacs et al.1616. Kovacs F, Oliver-Frontera M, Plana MN, Royuela A, Muriel A, Gestoso M, et al. Improving schoolchildren’s knowledge of methods for the prevention and management of low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36:E505-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181dccebc https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/...
/Spain |
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n=497
-
Age (years)=8
-
Sex=260M, 237 F
|
-
CG=No intervention; EG=The professor was advised only to relay the comic story about the spine to each student
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Basis of the educational program: “Back Book”
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Duration: One session; Follow-up: Three months
|
Vidal et al2020. Vidal J, Borras PA, Ortega FB, Cantallops J, Ponseti X, Palou P. Effects of postural education on daily habits in children. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32:303-8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1270469 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1055/...
/Spain |
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n=145
-
Age (years)=10.72±0.672
-
Sex=52.8% M, 48.2% F
|
-
CG=No intervention; EG=Four theoretical educational sessions and two practical ones
-
Basis of the educational program2222. Cardon GM, de Clercq DL, Geldhof EJ, Verstraete S, de Bourdeaudhuij IM. Back education in elementary schoolchildren: the effects of adding a physical activity promotion program to a back care program. Eur Spine J. 2007;16:125-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-006-0095-y https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
,2323. Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, Hildebrandt J, Klaber-Moffett J, Kovacs F, et al. Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2006;15 (Suppl 2):S192-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-006-1072-1 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
,2424. Burton AK, Balague F, Cardon G, Eriksen HR, Henrotin Y, Lahad A, et al. Chapter 2. European guidelines for prevention in low back pain: November 2004. Eur Spine J. 2006;15 (Suppl 2):S136-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-006-1070-3 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
,2525. Geldhof E, Cardon GM, de Bourdeaudhuij IM, Danneels L, Coorevits P, Vanderstraeten G, et al. Effects of back posture education on elementary schoolchildren’s back function. Eur Spine J. 2007;16:829-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-006-0199-4 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
,2626. van Tulder M, Becker A, Bekkering T, Breen A, del Real MT, Hutchinson A, et al. Chapter 3. European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J. 2006;15 (Suppl 2):S169-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-006-1071-2 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
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Duration: Six sessions; Follow-up: Three months
|