The aim of this study was to describe expressive language and cognitive development in a child with Down syndrome (DS) and his twin brother, both born preterm very low birth-weight (VLBW), observing the influence of Down syndrome and prematurity combined with very low birth-weight on their development process during the sensorimotor period. Participated in this study a pair of VLBW preterm dizygotic male twins, one of whom presented Down syndrome. The subjects' initial chronological age was seven months and four days and their initial corrected age was four months and 21 days. The twins were born with 29 weeks of gestational age and weighting less than 1500g. The subjects were followed up during 12 months in 45-minute fortnight sessions, monthly recorded in video. The Protocol for Expressive Language and Cognitive Development Observation (PELCDO) was used for data gathering and data analysis. Significant differences were observed between the twin brothers concerning expressive language and cognitive development. Although the twin without DS showed better performance, he still presented a relevant delay, considering the references for typically developing children. This finding evidences the influence of prematurity combined with very low birth weight on expressive language and cognitive development. The results found for the other twin suggest that DS led to a significant increase of this delay. DS and prematurity combined with very low birth weight are conditions that negatively interfered on expressive language and cognitive development of the twin pair studied.
Cognition; Language; Twins, dizygotic; Down syndrome; Infant, premature; Infant, low birth weight; Case reports
